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1、考点12定语从句关系副词用法+高考重点词汇积累+长难句分析核心考点梳理、一、高考重点词汇积累核心单词1 .optimistic adj.2.outstanding adj.3.oppose vt.4.opposite n.5.outcome n.6.optional adj.7.overlook vt.8.overcome v.9.positive adj.lO.outgoing adj.11 .outspoken adj.12 .picnic n.乐观的；乐观主义的杰出的；突出的；显著的反对，反抗相反，对面。少相反的，对面的结果；结局；成果可选择的；随意的，非强制的俯瞰；忽略；远眺克服，解决
2、确信的；明确的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的外向的；友好的直率的，坦诚的C野餐，野餐食物vi. (picnicked, picnicking)(去)野餐,举行野餐13 .postpone vt.14 .potential adj.15 .passion n.16 .participate v.17 .particular adj.18 .persuade vt.推迟，延期可能的；潜在的n.潜力激情，热情参与；参加特别的；具体的；挑剔的 说服，劝说19.phenomenon (p/.phenomena) n.现象20.possession n.21 .passive adj.22 .patent
3、 n.23 .patience n.24 .pension n.25 .permanent adj.所有，拥有；财产，所有物被动的；消极的专利权，专利证书容忍；耐心养老金永久的；持久的二、高考重点词汇积累核心单词1 .optimistic adj.2.outstanding adj.3.oppose vt.4.opposite n.5.outcome n.6.optional adj.7.overlook vt.8.overcome v.9.positive adj.lO.outgoing adj.11 .outspoken adj.12 .picnic n.乐观的；乐观主义的杰出的；突出的；
4、显著的反对，反抗相反，对面。少相反的，对面的结果；结局；成果可选择的；随意的，非强制的俯瞰；忽略；远眺克服，解决确信的；明确的；积极的，肯定的；正的，阳性的外向的；友好的直率的，坦诚的C野餐，野餐食物vi. (picnicked, picnicking)(去)野餐,举行野餐13 .postpone vt.14 .potential adj.15 .passion n.16 .participate v.17 .particular adj.18 .persuade vt.推迟，延期可能的；潜在的n.潜力激情，热情参与；参加特别的；具体的；挑剔的 说服，劝说19.phenomenon (p/.p
5、henomena) n.现象20.possession n.21 .passive adj.22 .patent n.23 .patience n.24 .pension n.25 .permanent adj.所有，拥有；财产，所有物被动的；消极的专利权，专利证书容忍；耐心养老金永久的；持久的重点短语in additionin addition toin dangerin sightin trouble另外除之外在危险中看见陷入困境，倒霉in silence沉默in order井井有条in public当众，公开in ruins一片废墟，破败不堪in company with与一起in co
6、nflict with与冲突in common with与有共同之处in connection with与有联系in cooperation with与合作in harmony with与和睦相处/协调一致in/out of condition健康状况好/不好；保存（养）得好/不好on condition that.如果；在条件卜on this/that condition在这种/那种情况下二、高考阅读理解长难句分析|5L| The study, published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participa
7、nts wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.【句式翻译】这项研究发表于2009年，它发现用笔和纸来写，参与者写的文章更长，写的句子更完整， 写单词的速度更快。【句式分析】本句复合句，that引导宾语从句，从句中又有一个when引导的状语从句，published在句中 作后置定语，writing作状语。【词语点拨】1） participant .参加者participate应参与He is an active participant in the civil r
8、ights movement.他是人权运动的积极参加者。Teny cant participate in the match because he has hurt his foot.特里不能参加比赛，因为他扭了脚。2） rate比比率；速度House prices are rising at a higher rate than inflation.房价比通货膨胀上涨的比率高。The car was going at the rate of 40 miles an hour.轿车以每小时40里的速度行驶。【语法点拨】1）现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第26句。2）过去分词作定语，具体用法参见第
9、44句。But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deservinucauses, accompanied by an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales.【句式翻译】但是，捐赠者开始给值得关注的事业发送装有现金的信封，当地报纸随之发表一篇文章，这 一切使一个德国北部城市相信童话。【句式分析】本句是复合句，who引导限制性定语从句，修饰the donator, sending作宾语，acc
10、ompanied 作状语。【词语点拨】1） deserving。的.值得的（后面常接介词of） deserve乜值得A job well done is deserving of praise.一件工作做得好应该受到表扬。If you do wrong, you deserve punishment.你如做错事，应当受罚。2) accompany 可陪伴Ken agreed to accompany me on a trip to Africa.肯答应陪我一起去非洲。Jane was willing to accompany you to the park to go out for a wa
11、lk.简愿意陪你去公园散步。【语法点拨】1)过去分词作状语，具体用法参见第41句。2) doing作宾语，具体用法参见第31句。Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as toallow for steady and sure understanding of the material by students.【句式翻译】基础数学源自相对容易的概念，逐渐转移到更麻烦的，以便允许学生能稳定地、有把握地理 解材料。【句
12、式分析】本句是简单句，so as to allow在句中作目的状语。【词语点拨】1) gradually成母逐渐地The drugs work well at first but gradually lose their effectiveness.这些药的效果起初非常好，但后来逐渐失效。After months of work, the new book is gradually taking shape.经过几个月的努力，这本新书渐渐成型了。2) allow v.允许，常用于以下结构：allow doing允许做They allowed smoking in this room only.
13、他们只允许在这间屋子里抽烟。allow sb to do允许某人做My boss doesnt allow me to use the telephone.我的老板不允许我用电话。allow sb sth让某人有1) will allow you 10% off the price if you pay now.如果你现在付款，我可以给你打九折。allow sb in/out/up允许某人进来/出去/起床The patient was allowed up after ten days.十天后病人才被允许起床(下地)。allow for考虑到，把考虑进来，体谅We should allow f
14、or every possible delay.我们考虑到任何可能的延误。【语法点拨】不定式作目的状语，具体用法参见第21句。Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television asthe best math teacher in Americajis a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious.【句式翻译】H西格尔教授被肯塔基州教育
15、电视尊称为是“美国最好的数学老师”，他是一个尽职的教师, 在解释数学概念方面很有天赋，能把这些概念解释得清楚明了。【句式分析】本句复合句，that在句中引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词ways, honored作后置定语。【词语点拨】1) devoted .忠诚的；挚爱的devote vt.奉献，把用于He married well and happily and was a devoted father and husband.他婚姻美满幸福，是位尽职尽责的父亲，忠实的丈夫。The editors devoted a whole page to the discussion of the ho
16、using problem.编辑用一个整版来讨论住房问题。2) have a gift for = have a talent for 在方面有天赋You have a surprising gift for seeing into peoples minds.你有惊人的才能，能看出别人的心思。Yang Liping has a love for music and a gift for dancing.杨丽萍热爱音乐，并具有舞蹈天赋。【语法点拨】过去分词作定语，具体用法参见第44句。For example, there9re the obvious tendency to smile whe
17、n smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.【句式翻译】例如，别人朝你笑你很可能笑，反映惊讶，愤怒或悲伤情绪的变化不太明显，如我们的心率 和血压的变化。【句式分析】本句复合句,when在句中引导省略的状语从句hat引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词changes, smiled at作状语。【词语点拨】1)tendency 倾向;趋势；te
18、nd比倾向Prices continue to show an upward tendency.物价呈继续上升的趋势。There was a tendency in him to walk away from the impossible thing.而对无能为力的事情，他往往就绕开走了。People tended to accept her invitations.人们都乐于接受她的邀请。3) reflect v.反映；反射；reflection .反射；映像Does this letter reflect how you really think?这封信反映你的真实想法吗？Every so
19、lid object will reflect a sound.任何固体都能反射声音。One can see the reflection of the tower in the water.塔的影子倒映在水中。二、定语从句关系副词主要用法英语中的关系副词有where, when, why等。In when的用法when指时间，修饰表时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语。July and August are the months when the weather is hot.七八月是天气很热的月份。He came last night when I was out.他昨晚来时，我出去了。D
20、o you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a necklace of yours?你还记得十年前的一个下午，我到你家借项链的事吗？2、where的用法where指地点，修饰表地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up as a child.在巴黎住了五十年 后，他回到他童年时生活的小城镇。I can still
21、remember the sitting-room where my mother and I used to sit in the evening.我还t己得那问我妈妈和我 晚上常坐在一起的起居室。She will go home where she can rest,她要回家了，在家里她可以休息。One morning, an elephant was led down the road where they stood. 天上午， 有人赶着头象沿着他们站立 的那条路走过来。注意：先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，关系词不一定都用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要
22、用关系代词which或thatoThis is the factory that/which we visited last year.这是我们去年参观的那家工厂。I wont forget the time that we spent in the countryside.我永远不会忘记我在农村度过的那段时光。3、why的用法why指原因，修饰名词reason,在定语从句中作原因状语。This is the reason why he did so.这就是他这样做了的理由。Do you know the reason why he left early?你矢口道他为什么早走吗？巧记定语从句的
23、用法主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整。从句紧靠先行词，系词引导要弄清。定人用who或whom,定物which 当先用。关系代词有that,定人定物有本领。定时间要用when,定地点where行。关系代（副）词作成分， 唯作宾语可以省。当堂知识检测一、单项选择1. The reasonhe was sleepy in class was he stayed up last night.A. that, thatB.why, howC. which, whetherD. why, that2. The reason he has been a success is he never gives up
24、.A. for which, whichB.why,thatC. why ;whichD. for which,which3. The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work a good impression isa must.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. which4. Ill never forget those years I lived in the small county with the workers,has a great effecton my l
25、ife today.A. that; whichB. when; whoC. that; thatD.when;which5. Kate will never forget the years,she lived with her home-stay family in China.A. thatB. whichC. whenD.where6. According to a report released by the US National Research Council, the amount of space junk flowing in Earths orbit has reach
26、ed a critical level future space missions may become too dangerous to fly.A.thatB.whereC.of whichD. which7. In thefuture, Alwillbe used in the hospitals,it can simplify the lives of patients, doctors andhospital administrators.A.whenB.about whichC.whereD. of which8. Somepre-school children go to a d
27、ay carecentre,they learn simple games and songs.A. asB. whoseC. whichD. where9. We called at the Birds Nest the other day,the 29th Olympic Games were held.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. when10. Some other advertisers have turned to proximity marketing/retailers detect theconsumers are on the street and s
28、end advertisements to their phone.A. where, where, tailoredB. whose, where, tailoringC. where, that, tailoredD. whose, that, tailoring11. In the curling （冰壶）final, Britain tied 4-4 in the 10th end to force an extra end,Sweden scored one single point to their victory.A. which; ensure B. while; greet
29、C. when; secure D. where; seal12. Lets ask ourselves what we would do in the particular situation,our moral, spiritual and physical beings were threatened from every direction.A. thatB. whereC. whichD. when13. That was written in 1946,the education system has undergone great changes.A. whenB. during
30、 whichC. since whenD. since then14. Mr. Smith owned this oil painting until the early 1990s,he gave it to his grandson.A. whichB. whenC. thatD. on which15. He flew to Paris two hours ago,he would stay for three days.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. that16. The English dubbing contest will be held in the le
31、cture hall,there are enough seats for the audience.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when17. October is a great time to visit Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,travelers can go to the quiet Ejina to enjoy the wonderful scenery of Euphratica forest（胡杨林）.A. thenB. whereC. whenD. there18. On the eve of the Spri
32、ng Festival, I usually stay up until midnight,I can set off the firecrackers and fireworks.A. whichB. whenC. whereD. who19. It was Oct 16th, 2021,the Shenzhou XIII was successfully launched, with Wang Yaping, the first Chinese female astronaut out a space walk.A. that. to carryB. that. carryingC. wh
33、en . to carryD. which . carrying20. In the middle of the woods_a deep lake,_you can find various fishes.A. lie, whereB.lies, whichC.lie, whichD. lies, where21. The new tax law came into effect last May,white-collar workers have benefited a lot from it.A. whenB.through whichC.for thatD. since when22.
34、 The U. S. and Russia have clashed over Russias ongoing military invasion of Ukraine, but space remains one area the two historic rivals still work together.A. whereB.in whereC.thatD. as23. I reached into my wallet I dont usually have cash and pulled out all.A. whichB.whereC.whenD. who24. Since many
35、 former drug abusers have psychological problems, they often need support groups they can talk about their struggles and find new ways to manage in the world.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. when25. Where did you first meet him?It was in a village you can enjoy the nature and fresh air.A. thatB. whichC. whe
36、nD. where26. We live in the town the great man was born.A. thatB. whoC. whenD. where27. The correction of errors in the language class should never be carried to the point it interfereswith the willingness of the students to respond orally.A. whereB. whichC. howD. when28. It is on the occasions we d
37、on/t realize those talking to us are stealth marketers they arepaid to advertise some products to us.A. that; which B. which; when C. where; that D. when; that29. As a general rule, it is best not to talk about politics or religion with your business friends. That can get you into trouble, even in t
38、he United States,people hold different views.A. asB.becauseC. whereD.which30. Have you ever faced a case someone charges you with what you havent done but you find it difficultit?A. where; to clarifyB. when; to classifyC. which; to identifyD. what; to simplify二、根据汉语意思填写单词31. Mr. Wang（向挑战）me to play
39、another tennis game.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）32. The number of seals is（减少）due to human beings hunting activities.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）33. I heard Mary suffered from（焦虑）when she took an exam recently（根据汉语提示单词拼写）34. This semester, his（主修课程）is world history.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）35. Adventurers take up these（挑战）all the time.（根据汉语提示单
40、词拼写）36. We should take（额外的）time to improve ourselves.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）37. The police（跟踪）the man and knew what had happened.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）38. He（遭受，蒙受）from poor eyesight and could no longer read properly.（根据汉语提示单词拼写）39. Your home will learn your daily（惯例）and（喜好）,so everything will be ready for you. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）40. The greatest（挑战）for the Americans is understanding the mindset of Eastern Europeans.（根据 汉语提示单词拼写）41. The government has promised an（额外的）$1 billion fo