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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.RussiaA Reading AZ Level T Leveled BookWord Count:1,065WritingWrite a detailed travel plan for your pretend trip to Russia.Be sure to include when and where you will visit,what you will do in each city,and what you will need to pack.Social Stu
2、diesCreate a map of Russia.Mark the capital city,four other important cities,the Ural Mountains,and Lake Baikal.Label the countries and bodies of water that border Russia.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Grace de FonsecaLEVELED BOOK TLEVELED BOOK TRussiawww.readinga-What makes Russia a unique coun
3、try?Focus QuestionWritten by Grace de FonsecaRussiaRussiaCountries Around the World Level T Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Grace de FonsecaAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:St.Basils Cathedral in MoscowTitle page:Kremlin buildings at sunset in the town of KolomnaPage 3:People hiking i
4、n the mountainsPhoto Credits:Front cover,back cover:Dmitriy Baranov/123RF;title page:Dmitry Zamorin/D;page 3:/123RF;page 6(left):Mikhail Grushin/123RF;page 6(right):Pavle Marjanovic/Hemera/Thinkstock;page 7:Daniel Ochoa de Olza/AP Images;page 9:sbelov/iStock/Thinkstock;page 10(left):Sovfoto/Universa
5、l Images Group/REX/Shutterstock;page 10(right):Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX/Shutterstock;page 11(top):liorpt/iStock/Thinkstock;page 11(bottom):Bettmann/Getty Images;page 12:Alexey Borodin/D;page 13(left):Zoonar/O.Kovach/Zoonar/Thinkstock;page 13(right):Evgeny Tomeev/iStock/Th
6、inkstock;page 14:Aleksandr Ugorenkov/123RF;page 15(top):lculig/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(bottom):dmitrydesigner/123RFChristianczarsindustrylandscapesMuslimnatural resourcesrevolutionsettlementtraditionalWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL TP3838Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Russia Level TTable of Con
7、tentsWhere Is It?.4People .6Land .8History .10 Celebrations .12Food .13Conclusion .14Glossary .16 4RussiaRussiaARCTIC OCEANSEA OF JAPANRUSSIACHINAMONGOLIAKAZAKHSTANESTONIALATVIABELARUSUKRAINEMoscowHBERING SEASEA OF OKHOTSKASIAEUROPEWhere Is It?Russia is a huge country that covers 16,377,742 square k
8、ilometers(6,323,500 sq.mi.)of land.It is the largest country in the world,almost twice the size of the United States.The countries that share a border with Russia include Finland and Ukraine in Europe,and Mongolia,China,and Japan in Asia.The United States is a neighbor to Russia as well,since Russia
9、s far eastern tip is only 88.5 kilometers(55 mi.)away from Alaskas western coast.The Arctic Ocean to the north and three seas to the east also border Russia.5Russia Level TMoscow is Russias capital city,and it is home to more than twelve million people.One of the most famous places in Moscow is the
10、Kremlin.The Kremlin is a group of buildings including palaces and government offices where the Russian president lives.Just outside the Kremlin is a plaza called Red Square.Together,the Kremlin and Red Square are famous places to visit.Near the Kremlin,St.Basils Cathedral is one of the most famous s
11、ights in Russia.6The Cyrillic AlphabetThe Cyrillic AlphabetPeopleAbout 142 million people live in Russia,making it the tenth largest population in the world.About three-fourths of the people live in cities such as Moscow and St.Petersburg.However,there are many jobs in the country that are connected
12、 to the lands natural resources.Russia has large amounts of coal,oil,and natural gas,so it is a big part of the energy industry.It produces much of the worlds oil and natural gas.The fishing industry is also very important in Russia,and Russia sells fish to many countries around the world.Many of th
13、e Earths forests are located in Russia as well.Wood from trees is turned into lumber.Russia is one of the worlds biggest lumber countries.The Cyrillic alphabet has thirty-three letters,seven more than the alphabet used in English.7Russia Level TRussian is the main language in Russia.People use the C
14、yrillic alphabet to write Russian.The Cyrillic alphabet is based on the Greek alphabet,but there are some differences due to Russian having some sounds that Greek does not have.Russian people have excelled in literature,the arts,and sports.They are particularly known for their world-famous Moscow Ba
15、llet and classical musicians.Russians stand out in all kinds of sports,including ice hockey,soccer,gymnastics,and figure skating.The Moscow Ballet practices Swan Lake before a performance in Madrid,Spain.8Russias LandformsRussias LandformsRussian PlainWest Siberian PlainCentral Siberian PlateauKulun
16、da SteppeKamchatka PeninsulaARCTIC OCEANBERING SEAUral MountainsSEA OF OKHOTSKSEA OF JAPANMoscowHOymyakonSt.PetersburgSayanMountainsLAKE BAIKALLand The Russian countryside has plains and mountains.The West Siberian Plain in central Russia is huge.It covers over 2.6 million square kilometers(1 millio
17、n sq.mi.).The Ural Mountains are located in the western part of the country and there are several other mountain ranges in the south and east.Lake Baikal,located near the Mongolian border,is the oldest and deepest lake in the world.Lake Baikal also holds about 20 percent of the worlds unfrozen fresh
18、 water.9Russia Level TThere are several very different types of landscapes in Russia.The northern areas are large,flat,frozen areas called tundra.South of the tundra are the taiga,which are green forests of mainly spruce and pine trees.In the warmer areas,there are other forests of oak,maple,and bir
19、ch trees.Wide grasslands are located in the southern areas of Russia.Russia is a cold country.Most of the country is as far north as Canada.Russia is home to the coldest settlement in the world,where it can get as cold as 71C(96F)in winter.Russia has a summer season,but in some places there are only
20、 two months of warmer weather each year.At its deepest point,Lake Baikal is 1,620 meters(5,315 ft.)deep.10HistoryCzars,or emperors,ruled Russia for hundreds of years.Two of the most famous were Peter the Great and Catherine the Greatstrong leaders who helped Russia grow to become a modern power.As i
21、n many other Eastern European countries during this time,many Russian farmers were serfsfarmers who had to work on land owned by someone else.They could not move away or get married without the landowners permission,and they had to give the owner most of their crops.Even after the serfs were freed b
22、y order of Alexander II,the government treated them poorly.In the early 1900s,many Russians were angry about this kind of unfairness,and a revolution in 1917 ended the rule of the czars.Peter the Great was the czar of Russia from 1682 to 1725.Catherine the Great led Russia from 1762 to 1798.11Russia
23、 Level TAfter the revolution,Russia and other Eastern European countries formed the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics(USSR)in 1922.The goal of the USSR was to have the government help make people more equal and solve the problems that had led to the revolution.But the government was too powerful,a
24、nd economic and political problems left many people in the USSR in poverty.It ended on December 31,1991.Today,an elected president and other leaders rule Russia,and many Russians lives have improved.The flag of the USSRPoor families wait in line for loaves of bread in the Soviet Union in the 1920s.1
25、2CelebrationsMany Russians celebrate Christian holidays,such as Christmas.However,some Russians celebrate Christmas Day on January 7 rather than December 25.At Easter celebrations in Russia,people share baked goods and paint hard-boiled eggs.There are also Muslim people in Russia,so Ramadan is anoth
26、er big holiday there.During Ramadan,most Muslims fastdo not eat or drink anythingin the hours between sunrise and sunset every day for a month.Other Russian holidays include Independence Day on June 12 and Victory Day on May 9.Victory Day celebrates the end of World War II.A Russian holiday called M
27、aslenitsa(MOSS-leen-yit-sah)celebrates the end of winter.To celebrate Maslenitsa,people eat pancakes called blinis(BLEE-nees)with butter.People also take sleigh rides and have snowball fights as part of the fun.Children take part in a sack race to celebrate the end of winter.13Russia Level TFoodPerh
28、aps one of the most popular foods in Russia is a soup called borscht.Borscht is made with beets,cabbage,and other vegetables such as onions and carrots.The soup gets its red color from the beets.People also make a traditional drink called kvass.Kvass is a sour drink that is made from stale bread.Som
29、e people make a soup called okroshka with kvass.They add cucumbers,sausages,salami,and boiled eggs.People eat okroshka in the summer and serve it cold.Today,there are many foods from other countries in Russian cities,but traditional foods are still popular.Borscht is a popular soup made from beets t
30、hat can be served hot or cold.Kvass is a drink that takes about two to three days to make.14ConclusionRussia is a vast and beautiful country that is rich with natural resources.Its huge forests and fish-filled oceans,in addition to the resources beneath the earth such as oil and coal,are a big part
31、of the Russian way of life.But Russia has much more to offer in addition to beautiful landscapes and resources.From ballet to its holiday celebrations to delicious foods,Russia is a land that is rich in tradition.Buildings glow at night in Moscow.15Source:CIA World Factbook(2016)RussiaRussiaRussia L
32、evel TPopulation:142,423,773Land:16,377,742 sq km(6,323,500 sq.mi.)Capital City:MoscowPrimary Language:RussianPrimary Religions:Russian Orthodox and MuslimName of Currency:ruble16GlossaryChristian(adj.)of or relating to Christianity,a religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus Christ(p.12)cza
33、rs(n.)male Russian rulers before the Russian Revolution in 1917(p.10)industry(n.)a group of businesses that sell or create the same product or services(p.6)landscapes(n.)visible features of areas of land,seen as a whole(p.9)Muslim(adj.)of or relating to people who follow the religion of Islam (p.12)
34、natural things found in nature that are valuable to humans or can be used to make a product,such as minerals and forests(p.6)revolution(n.)he removal of a government from power by force and its replacement with another(p.10)settlement(n.)a new place where people live;a place where a community has been established(p.9)traditional(adj.)of or relating to a long-established custom(p.13)resources(n.)