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1、Writing Write a paragraph explaining what the author wants readers to learn from the Prices Gone Wild chart on page 13.Social StudiesCreate a timeline of the California gold rush.Include at least five events.ConnectionsVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.1849:The California Gold
2、 RushA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:1,025LEVELED BOOK RORUWritten by Cynthia Kennedy Henzelwww.readinga-1849:1849:www.readinga-What was the effect of the gold rush on westward expansion?Focus QuestionWritten by Cynthia Kennedy Henzel1849:1849:CorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReadin
3、g RecoveryDRA1849:The California Gold RushLevel R Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Cynthia Kennedy HenzelAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Title page:Posters like this one advertised ships that would carry forty-niners from New York City to San Francisco.Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Underwo
4、od Archives/UIG/REX/Shutterstock;title page:Pictorial Press Ltd/Alamy Stock Photo;pages 3,12:Photo Researchers,Inc/Alamy Stock Photo;page 5:Chronicle/Alamy Stock Photo;page 6:Jupiterimages/PHOTOS.com/Thinkstock;page 7:Photos 12/Alamy Stock Photo;page 9:Gold Rush prospector,1849,American Photographer
5、/Private Collection/Peter Newark American Pictures/Bridgeman Images;page 11:courtesy of Library of Congress,Prints&Photographs Division LC-DIG-ppmsca-02887;page 14:Fotosearch/Archive Photos/Getty Images;page 15(top):Everett Collection Historical/Alamy Stock Photo;page 15(bottom):zhudifeng/iStock/Thi
6、nkstockWords to Knoweconomyentrepreneurs erosionfortunegold rush overrunplacer mining prospectorstreaty3Table of Contents Gold!.4Keeping a Secret .5Panning .6The Forty-Niners .8Around the Tip .8Wagons Ho!.9The Losers,the Winners .12Glossary .161849:The California Gold Rush Level R4Gold!On the mornin
7、g of January 24,1848,James Marshall went to inspect the new mill his crew was building.In the mills water,he spotted something shiny.He collected several pieces and showed his crew.They tested the pieces.It was gold!Four days later,Marshall went to show John Sutter,who owned the mill.Sutter had no w
8、ish to be overrun with gold hunters.Everyone agreed to keep the secret:gold had been discovered in California.Sutters Mill,CaliforniaSutters MillAmerican RiverSacramentoThanks to John Sutter and the gold rush,Sacramento became a city in 1849.In 1854,it became the state capital.PACIFIC OCEANUnited St
9、atesCalifornia5Keeping a SecretIn 1848,the world was very different from today.There were no phones,TVs,or radios.There were no roads or railroads connecting California with the states in the East.It was harder to get a message from the East Coast to California than it is to get a message to Mars to
10、day.At the time of Marshalls discovery,California belonged to Mexico.Nine days later,Mexico signed a treaty that gave California to the United States.Neither side knew about the gold.The secret got out when Sam Brannan found out.Brannan had a store at Sutters Fort,where John Sutter lived.Brannan wan
11、ted to cash in when he heard the news,but he wasnt interested in mining.Instead,he bought all the shovels in San Francisco.Then he filled a bottle with gold dust and ran through the streets yelling about the great discovery.The city of 850 people almost emptiedafter Brannan sold them each a very exp
12、ensive shovel.Sam Brannan1849:The California Gold Rush Level R6PanningUnlike in most places,the gold in California was not locked deep under the ground.Erosion had long ago washed the metal down the mountains into the rivers.All people needed for placer mining was a shovel and a shallow,flat pan.Pla
13、cer mining works because gold is much heavier than gravel.The prospectors stood in the rivers and shoveled gravel into their pans.They removed large rocks,then carefully swirled the pan.The dirt and gravel spilled over the edges with the water.The shiny flakes of gold stayed at the bottom of the pan
14、.The term prospector comes from the gold rush.It means a person who moves to a spot with the prospect,or possibility,of finding gold and making a fortune.ordordiseiseW WW Wplacer mining7People from California and Oregon soon showed up to work the rivers near Sutters Mill.Some of them were European,a
15、nd some were Native American.Others came from Mexico.Next came prospectors from South America and Asia.At that time,it was easier to get to California from China than from the East Coast.Slaves were sometimes forced to work mining California gold,such as in this photo,taken in 1852.1849:The Californ
16、ia Gold Rush Level R8The Forty-NinersBack in the eastern states,gold fever didnt take hold until 1849.That year,ninety thousand people joined the gold rush.These were the forty-niners.Many gold seekers were clerks,teachers,or lawyers.Nine out of ten were men.Many couldnt cook,wash a shirt,build a sh
17、elter,or harness oxen to pull a wagon.Many left behind families.They planned to quickly make a fortune and come home.Around the TipAbout half of the forty-niners decided to go by ship.More than five hundred ships left eastern and Gulf ports in 1849 for California.Ships took from five to eight months
18、 to sail from the East Coast,around the tip of South America,and back up to California.Gold fever was the greed and contagious excitement brought on by the discovery of gold.ordordiseiseW WW W9The cheapest ticket was$75about$2,300 in todays money.This price bought a tiny bunk in the dark,crowded bot
19、tom of the ship.Food was just as bad.The forty-niners suffered shipwrecks,seasickness,and disease.Yet many reported that the worst things were crowding and boredom.Some decided to save time by taking a shortcut through Panama.They could canoe and hike across 60 miles(97 km)of jungle,then catch anoth
20、er ship.These forty-niners faced deadly snakes and mobs of mosquitoes.Many fell ill.If they made it across,they might wait weeks or months to catch a ship on the other side.Wagons Ho!It took about the same amount of time to get to California by wagon.Many looked forward to the adventure almost as mu
21、ch as finding gold.The adventure,however,could prove deadly.portrait of a forty-niner1849:The California Gold Rush Level R10The Routes They TookThe Routes the Forty-Niners TookNew York CitySacramentoSan FranciscoPACIFIC OCEANATLANTIC OCEANPanamaNORTH AMERICASOUTH AMERICACape Horn66KEY Overland route
22、(five to eight months)Panama route (one month.if you could catch a ship on the Pacific side)Cape Horn route (six to eight months)0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 miles0 500 1,000 1,500 2,000 kilometersSaint Louis,Missouri6611Wagons followed the California Trail across the flat prairie.A wagon could go about
23、15 miles(24 km)a dayif it didnt break down,if there wasnt much rain,and if the oxen stayed healthy.Next,the forty-niners had to get the wagons up mountains,across rivers,and down steep cliffs.If they werent fast enough,they were slowed by blizzards in the high passes.They also crossed deserts with n
24、o water.For many,their greatest fear was clashes with Native Americans,but death came from disease,starvation,and accidents.Often,the forty-niners carried disease with them as they drove their wagons the 2,100 miles(3,380 km)to California.Thousands died.By the fall of 1849,the trail was lined with d
25、ead oxen and graves.An 1850 engraving depicts a wagon train moving toward California,probably by way of the Sierra Nevada mountains.1849:The California Gold Rush Level R12The Losers,the WinnersFor those who made it to California,life did not get easier.The prospectors lived in mining camps made of t
26、ents and rough shelters.They ate poorly.They worked twelve hours a day shoveling gravel or breaking rocks with picks.Many fell ill,but they kept working.The next pan of gravel might be worth a fortune!Gold miners stand in their camp at El Dorado,California,around 1850.The original El Dorado in South
27、 America is a mythical place of great wealth.13According to the Sacramento Bee,one in every five miners who came to California in 1849 was dead within six months.Even those who found gold often lost it to robbers,gambling,or paying high prices for everyday goods.Prices Gone WildForty-niners could ge
28、t what they wantedfor a steep price.Heres what some items cost in 1849 San Francisco and in 2016 dollars(adjusted for inflation):18492016one can of peas$6$181one egg$1$26one breakfast$43$1,294one pound(.45 kg)of coffee$3$103one mule$360$10,835one pair of boots$96$2,890=Source:The Rush:Americas Fever
29、ed Quest for Fortune,18481853,by Edward Dolnick1849:The California Gold Rush Level R14Levis jeans were popular by the 1880s.Here,two miners wear theirs outside an underground mine.Some early prospectors were successful.Once the placer gold was gone,though,most of the riches from gold went to large c
30、ompanies.They were able to dig deep mines.Entrepreneurs made a fortune by selling to the miners.Sam Brannan became one of the first millionaires in America.Levi Strauss made his fortune selling pants tough enough to handle the workblue jeans.Women,especially,had many more opportunities in the West.T
31、hey started businesses cooking,running boarding houses,and washing clothes for the prospectors.15The biggest winner was the United States.The gold rush brought about three hundred thousand people to California in a few years instead of a few decades.In 1850,California became a state.By 1863,the coun
32、try began building the railway that would link East and West.Today,California has more people than any of the other forty-nine states.It has a huge economy.And it still lives up to its nickname:the Golden State.San Francisco in 1851San Francisco today1849:The California Gold Rush Level R16Glossaryec
33、onomy(n.)the circulation of money in industry,trade,and finance in a country or area(p.15)entrepreneurs people who start and (n.)operate their own business (p.14)erosion(n.)the natural removal of rock or soil by water,wind,or ice(p.6)fortune(n.)a large amount of money or possessions(p.8)gold rush(n.
34、)the sudden movement of many people to an area where gold has been discovered(p.8)overrun(v.)entered or taken over by large numbers of something(p.4)placer mining the process of drawing (n.)minerals from gravel in streams(p.6)prospectors people who search for (n.)minerals such as gold and silver(p.6)treaty(n.)a formal agreement of peace or friendship between two nations or groups(p.5)