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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.SpainA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,418WritingResearch to learn more about the evolution of the Spanish government.Write an essay detailing the changes in Spains government systems from the 1300s until today.Social StudiesMake a
2、 timeline of at least five significant events in Spains history.Then write a paragraph analyzing how each event helped shape modern Spain.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Martina DeignanSpainLEVELED BOOK YLEVELED BOOK Ywww.readinga-What is unique about Spains culture?Focus QuestionSpainWritten by
3、Martina DeignanSpainSpainCountries Around the World Level Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Martina DeignanAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:Built in the early 1900s,Park Gell in Barcelona,Spain,includes structures designed by famous architect Antoni Gaudi.Title page:A family enjoys ic
4、e cream on a city street in Spain.Page 3:Citizens enjoy a theatrical event at a festival in Berga,Spain.Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Luciano Mortula/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:David R.Frazier Photolibrary,Inc./Alamy Stock Photo;page 3:Gonzalo Azumendi/Photolibrary/Getty Images;page 5:JackF
5、/iStock/Thinkstock;page 6(left):Schon&Probst/Picture Press/Getty Images;page 6(right):apolloicdag/iStock/Thinkstock;page 7(top):Xurxo Lobato/Cover/Getty Images;page 7(bottom):Konrad Wothe/LOOK-foto/Getty Images;page 9:DavidLeshem/iStock/Thinkstock;page 10:Zheka-Boss/iStock/Thinkstock;page 12:Paul Ki
6、ngsley/Alamy Stock Photo;page 13:KateSmirnova/iStock/Thinkstock;page 14:marina99/123RF;page 15(top):daboost/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(bottom left):asafta/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(bottom center):Boarding1Now/iStock/Thinkstock;page 15(bottom right):TKphotography64/iStock/Thinkstockaqueductsarchipelag
7、oartisanscurrencydemocracyeconomyheritageparliamentplateauprime ministerstraiturbanWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Spain Level YTable of ContentsWhere Is It?.4People .6Land .8History .10 Celebrations .12Food .13Conclusion .14Glossary .164Map of SpainMap of Spai
8、nATLANTIC OCEANStrait of GibraltarBAY OF BISCAYSPAINMOROCCOBalearic Islands(Spain)PORTUGALFRANCEPyreneesCueta(Spain)AFRICAASIAEUROPEMEDITERRANEAN SEAMadridHBarcelonaValenciaGranadaCordobaPamplonaCanary Islands (Spain)Melilla(Spain)Where Is It?Spain is a country located in southwestern Europe on the
9、Iberian Peninsula.It lies south of the Pyrenees(PEER-uh-neez)mountains and stretches all the way to the Strait of Gibraltar a body of water that separates Spain from the continent of Africa.France borders Spain to the northeast,and Portugal borders it to the west.The Balearic Islands off Spains east
10、ern coast form an archipelago in the Mediterranean Sea.People appreciate this string of five islands for its beautiful beaches and rich holiday traditions.People also enjoy the beaches of the Canary Islands off the western coast of Morocco.5Spain Level YThe capital and largest city in Spain is Madri
11、d.Its population is roughly 3.3 million,with about 6.5 million people living in its surrounding area.Madrid sits on a raised plateau about 640 meters(2,100 ft.)above sea level.The Royal Palace in Madrid is one of the grandest buildings in all of Europe.King Alfonso Xlllthe last monarch to live in th
12、e palacefled the country in 1931.After the king left,the state took control of the Royal Palace,and no member of the monarchy ever lived there again.The Spanish royal family now lives in a much smaller palace outside of Madrid.Spains governmentknown as a constitutional monarchyhas a prime minister a
13、nd a lawmaking group called parliament whose members are elected by the people.Their king,Felipe VI,is the head of the government.However,only the elected officials can make and pass laws.The Royal Palace was built in the 1700s and boasts 2,800 rooms.Today it is used for state ceremonies and public
14、tours.6People The population of Spain as of January 2016 was estimated to be fewer than forty-eight million people.The urban population far exceeds that of the rural areas.About three-quarters of the population lives in Madrid,Barcelona,Valencia,and other smaller cities.Tourism employs about two mil
15、lion people and is very important to Spains economy.The auto industry remains one of Spains largest employers.Other industries include textiles,food,apparel,shipbuilding,and the making of medical equipment.On top of that,Spain proudly produces and exports more olive oil than any other country in the
16、 world.Farmers grow more than two hundred types of olives in Spain.Spain overtook Italy in 2014 as the worlds largest producer of olive oil.7Spain Level YSpain is a member of the European Union(EU).The EU began in 1951 with the countries of Belgium,Germany,France,Luxembourg,and Italy taking part.Its
17、 purpose was to have countries work together to solve common concerns such as trade,security,and the rights of citizens.Most EU members share a currency called the euro.As of 2015,the EU had twenty-eight member nations.Spains official language is Spanish,or Castilian,and most people speak it.Dependi
18、ng on the region,people also speak Basque,Galician,and Catalan languages.Textile workers prepare clothing to be sold in stores(right).People enjoy a sidewalk cafe in Palma,Spain(below).8Spains LandformsSpains LandformsATLANTIC OCEANPyreneesMEDITERRANEAN SEASierra NevadaMeseta CentralSierra MorenaAnd
19、alusianPlainLandSpains varied landscape ranges from high plateaus in its interior to dry desert-like regions in the south.Beautiful beaches and mountain ranges around the country create distinct environments.The Meseta Central,a plateau in central Spain,covers about half of the country.People mine s
20、ilver,lead,and copper and raise livestock in the mountains that border the Meseta.The dramatic and craggy Sierra Nevada mountain chain rises over southern Spain,with Mount Mulhacn(moo-lah-THEN)towering over the entire range.The Sierra Nevada is part of the Andalusian(an-duh-LOO-zhuhn)region in the s
21、outheast.The Pyrenees mountains lie to the north and form a solid natural border between Spain and France.9Spain Level YThe Pyrenees mountain chain stretches from the eastern shores of the Mediterranean Sea to the coastline of the Atlantic Ocean in the west.The chain extends 434 kilometers(270 mi.)l
22、ong.The western part of the mountain range is a lush,rolling,heavily wooded countryside.In the east,vineyards and orchards are plentiful.The central region includes a rich display of glaciers,granite peaks,deep canyons,waterfalls,and hundreds of mountain lakes.Several groups of peoplethe Andorran,Ca
23、talan,Barnese(bair-NEEZ),and Basquecall the Pyrenees mountains their home.Traditionally,they make a living through agriculture and raising livestock.A wide variety of animals also live in these mountains.The brown bear,a species of goat-antelope called the chamois(sham-WAH),and the rare bearded vult
24、ure all live in the Pyrenees.Forests of fir,pine,and oak cover the slopes of the Pyrenees mountains.10HistoryPeople from Phoenicia(fi-NEE-shuh)settled southern Spain around 800 bc.Phoenicia is Lebanon,Syria,and Israel today.Phoenicians were skilled artisans and sailors who traded ivory and perfumes
25、for bronze and silver goods.Greek traders from Carthage(now Tunisia)followed around 500 bc and brought with them olive trees and grapes.Then,around 200 bc,the Romans arrived and ruled Spain for about six hundred years.They constructed roads and bridges that connected towns.They also built aqueducts
26、that carried water from rivers to cities.Germanic people came from the north after the Romans.Then,Muslim settlers known as Moors arrived in the ad 700s and forced the Germanic people from power.Moorish buildings can still be seen in Spain today,including monuments such as the Alhambra,a palace in G
27、ranada built in the 1300s,and the Great Mosque of Crdoba.Moors built the Alhambra,a palace and fortress,in Granada,Spain,on a high point overlooking the entire valley.11Spain Level YFor many centuries,Spain had been divided into kingdoms.The main ones were Aragon,Castile,and Granada.Two of these kin
28、gdoms became one when King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile married.The king and queen were Catholic monarchs who won a war against the Moors for control of Granada.Ferdinand and Isabella paid explorers such as Christopher Columbus to find new trade routes for Spain to Asia.Whe
29、n Columbus discovered the New World(islands in the Caribbean Sea),Spanish colonies were set up there,and gold,silver,and spices were sent back to Spain.This period became the“Golden Age”of Spain.However,much wealth was spent on wars with northern Europe.Spains riches began to disappear.The next four
30、 hundred years were a time of great unrest in Europe.Countries fought for control of land and territories well into the twentieth century.From 1936 to 1939,Spain fought a violent civil war.When the war ended,General Francisco Franco took control of the country and ruled as a dictator until his death
31、 in 1975.After Francos death,King Juan Carlos I became the next king and designated Adolfo Surezwho brought democracy to Spainas prime minister.12La TomatinaLa TomatinaCelebrationsThe Spanish people look forward to local holidays called fiestas,or festivals.These holidays often celebrate local harve
32、sts,historical events,or saints linked to particular places.Lively and fun,they include dancing,singing,parades,and fireworks.St.Georges Day,on April 23,is a time for people to give loved ones books and red roses.In July,Pamplona hosts the Festival of San Fermn.During this festival,men and women try
33、 to dodge bulls as they run through the streets of Pamplona.National Day takes place on October 12.This is the date that marks Christopher Columbuss landing in the Americas.For the Spanish people,it is also the date that honors Spain as an important country in the world.La Tomatina is a yearly festi
34、val held in honor of a patron saint.It is likely the worlds biggest tomato fight.At this festival,ripened tomatoes are brought in by the truckload,and people throw tomatoes at one anotherjust for fun.13TapasTapasSpain Level YFoodThe Spanish love their food and usually eat three meals a day.A Spanish
35、 breakfast might have coffee,milk,or hot chocolate,a sweet roll,and sometimes cereal.They eat lunchthe biggest meal of the dayaround two in the afternoon.Lunch may include soup,salad,a main course,and dessert.Dinner is a lighter meal and is served late,anywhere from nine to eleven in the evening.Eac
36、h region in Spain enjoys its own style of food.Coastal regions typically serve seafood.People in central Spain often eat beans,lentils,lamb,and pork.Valencia,known for its rice dishes,is famous for paellaa rice dish that can be made with fish,meat,and vegetables.A delicious and popular soup called g
37、azpacho comes from the Andalusian region of Spain.Made with tomatoes and other vegetables,the soup is often served cold in the summer as a refreshing meal.Tapas are finger foods that can be eaten cold or hot and are usually served on small plates.People serve shrimp and squid along the Spanish coast
38、s,while people serve sausages inland.14ConclusionThe Spanish are a very proud people.Although many identify with the town or region theyre from,their celebrations and festivals bring them together as a nation.Some regions still try to preserve their own traditions,but the country has been unified fo
39、r many years.Spain is one of the most lively cultural centers in the European Union.It boasts an amazing heritage due in part to the arrival of people from many different parts of the world who have brought celebrations,food,and architecture to Spanish culture.Although the Spanish treasure their ric
40、h and remarkable history,they are also a people who enjoy living in the present.Spains beauty,its long cultural heritage,and the warmth of its people help to make our world a more interesting place to live in.Antoni Gaud designed this remarkable church,which stands in Barcelona,Spain.Construction be
41、gan in 1882 and it still continues.15SpainSpainSource:Central Intelligence Agency World Factbook(2015)Spain Level YPopulation:48,146,134Land:498,980 sq km(310,052 sq.mi.)Capital City:MadridPrimary Language:Castilian Spanish(74%of population)Primary Religion:Roman CatholicName of Currency:euro16Gloss
42、aryaqueducts(n.)artificial channels that carry water from one place to another(p.10)archipelago(n.)a cluster or chain of islands(p.4)artisans(n.)people who are skilled at a craft or trade and who create items by hand(p.10)currency(n.)money,in any acceptable form,used to represent the value of goods
43、and resources(p.7)democracy(n.)a form of government that is run by the people through free and frequent elections(p.11)economy(n.)the circulation of money in industry,trade,and finance in a country or area(p.6)heritage(n.)a way of life,tradition,or characteristic that is passed down from generation
44、to generation(p.14)parliament(n.)a group of government officials who can make and change a nations laws(p.5)plateau(n.)a large raised area of flat land(p.5)prime minister(n.)the leader of the government in most countries that have a parliament(p.5)strait(n.)a narrow passage of water connecting two large areas of water(p.4)urban(adj.)of or relating to cities or towns and the people living in them(p.6)