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1、Catching AirA Reading AZ Level W Leveled BookWord Count:1,775Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-LEVELED BOOK WCatching AirWritten by Jeffrey B.FuerstWritten by Jeffrey B.Fuerstwww.readinga-Catching AirLevel W Leveled Book Learning AZISBN 1-59827-273-X Written by Je
2、ffrey B.Fuerst Illustrated by Cende HillAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:iS Lugo;back cover:D;title page:Pavel Losevsky/D;pages 3(top),19,21:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 4:iS Mandel;page 5:iS Photos;page 6:Joe Avery/D;pages 7,13:iS Vukelic;page 9:iS Robertson;page 10:Roy
3、Childs/Alamy;page 12:courtesy of the Otto Lilienthal Museum,Anklam,Germany;page 14:Craig Frederick/Learning A-Z;page 15:Joggie Botma/D;page 16:Oliver Furrer/Alamy;page 17:iS Stephens;page 18(top):Ivan Paunovic/D;page 18(bottom):Red Bull Content Pool/Rex/Rex USA;page 20:Lijuan Guo/D;page 22:iS Pimm-S
4、mithCorrelationLEVEL WS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRACatching AirCatching Air Level W2324Glossaryaerodynamics(n.)the study of how objects move through the air(p.8)air pressure(n.)force of the gases that make up air combined with gravity(p.8)altitude(n.)height above a surface(p.9)canopy(n.)a
5、large parachute that slows fall to the ground(p.13)drogue(n.)a small parachute that pulls out the canopy(p.13)free-falling(v.)falling rapidly through the air (p.13)lift(n.)upward aerodynamic force(p.6)resistance(n.)force that slows motion(p.14)stalls(v.)stops moving forward(p.9)thermal(n.)a rising c
6、olumn of air(p.6)thrust(n.)forward aerodynamic force(p.19)winch(n.)a crank with a handle used to lift a person or object(p.21)Indexair,5,6,8,14automatic activation device,16BASE jumping(jumpers),17Baumgartner,Felix,18Daedalus,11free-fall(ing),1315,18glider,810,12gravity,9,11,14hang gliding,4,710,12,
7、22harness,10,16,21helmet,16,19Icarus,11jumpsuit,16lift,6,8,9,19,20Lilienthal,Otto,12parachute,10,1316,17,19,22paragliding,22parasailing,4,1922reserve chute,16skydiving,4,1318,22training,10,16,21updraft,6wind,4,5,9,20wing,7,8,11,12Wright Brothers,12Explore MoreOn the Internet,use to find out more abo
8、ut topics presented in this book.Use terms from the text,or try searching for glossary or index words.Some searches to try:paragliding,BASE jumping,altitude,or parachute.Written by Jeffrey B.Fuerstwww.readinga-Catching AirLevel W Leveled Book Learning AZISBN 1-59827-273-X Written by Jeffrey B.Fuerst
9、 Illustrated by Cende HillAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:iS Lugo;back cover:D;title page:Pavel Losevsky/D;pages 3(top),19,21:Jupiterimages Corporation;page 4:iS Mandel;page 5:iS Photos;page 6:Joe Avery/D;pages 7,13:iS Vukelic;page 9:iS Robertson;page 10:Roy Childs/Alamy;p
10、age 12:courtesy of the Otto Lilienthal Museum,Anklam,Germany;page 14:Craig Frederick/Learning A-Z;page 15:Joggie Botma/D;page 16:Oliver Furrer/Alamy;page 17:iS Stephens;page 18(top):Ivan Paunovic/D;page 18(bottom):Red Bull Content Pool/Rex/Rex USA;page 20:Lijuan Guo/D;page 22:iS Pimm-SmithCorrelatio
11、nLEVEL WS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRACatching AirCatching Air Level W2324Glossaryaerodynamics(n.)the study of how objects move through the air(p.8)air pressure(n.)force of the gases that make up air combined with gravity(p.8)altitude(n.)height above a surface(p.9)canopy(n.)a large parachut
12、e that slows fall to the ground(p.13)drogue(n.)a small parachute that pulls out the canopy(p.13)free-falling(v.)falling rapidly through the air (p.13)lift(n.)upward aerodynamic force(p.6)resistance(n.)force that slows motion(p.14)stalls(v.)stops moving forward(p.9)thermal(n.)a rising column of air(p
13、.6)thrust(n.)forward aerodynamic force(p.19)winch(n.)a crank with a handle used to lift a person or object(p.21)Indexair,5,6,8,14automatic activation device,16BASE jumping(jumpers),17Baumgartner,Felix,18Daedalus,11free-fall(ing),1315,18glider,810,12gravity,9,11,14hang gliding,4,710,12,22harness,10,1
14、6,21helmet,16,19Icarus,11jumpsuit,16lift,6,8,9,19,20Lilienthal,Otto,12parachute,10,1316,17,19,22paragliding,22parasailing,4,1922reserve chute,16skydiving,4,1318,22training,10,16,21updraft,6wind,4,5,9,20wing,7,8,11,12Wright Brothers,12Explore MoreOn the Internet,use to find out more about topics pres
15、ented in this book.Use terms from the text,or try searching for glossary or index words.Some searches to try:paragliding,BASE jumping,altitude,or parachute.Catching Air Level W2122Unlike hang gliding and skydiving,para-sailing has no minimum age requirement.There is no special training for the paras
16、ailor,though the boat driver needs to have experience.There are many ways to parasail.Strap on a harness or sit in a specially designed chair.Ride alone or with a friend.Parasailing is usually done on oceans,lakes,and bays.Flyers take off from the shore from a barge in the water or from a boat equip
17、ped with a winch.Rides from parasailing companies typically last around 10 minutes and can cost$50 or more.A basic parasail,plus accessories,can cost$1,000 and up.Parasailing History1918 Developed during WWI.A German U-boat(submarine)captain wanted to be able to see above the fog when his boat surfa
18、ced.1948 Dr.Francis Rogallo developed what he called a Delta kite,the basis for the kind of parachute used in parasailing.1960s Parascending was invented,an inexpensive way to teach parachuting.A parachuter and towrope were attached to a car driven fast enough to raise the parachuter to 305 meters(1
19、,000 ft)before being set free.1970s Parasailing became a recreational activity.Delta kiteParaglidingParagliding combines elements of three wind sports:parasailing,hang gliding,and parachuting.Paragliders wear a wing-shaped parachute,and some attach a frame harness with a motor that looks like a big
20、fan.They may take off from a tall cliff or snowy mountainside.Often,paragliders compete to see who can cover the greatest distance or make the best time along a specific airborne course.They may take photos of reference points along the way to prove they passed a designated spot.Paragliders can stay
21、 in the air for hours at a time and travel great distances.Catching Air Level W34Table of ContentsAir and Flight .4Hang Gliding.7 How to Hang Glide .9 What It Takes.10Skydiving .13 How a Parachute Works .14 What It Takes.16Parasailing .19Glossary .23Index .24Air and FlightLook,up in the sky!Is it a
22、huge bird?Is it Superman?No,its a regular person flying high,or“catching air,”while hang gliding,skydiving,or parasailing.Maybe youd like to try one of these wind-powered sports and soar and swoop through the wide-open skies.All you need is a sense of adventure,the right equipment,and an understandi
23、ng of how wind works.Skydivers jump from an airplane.Catching Air Level W34Table of ContentsAir and Flight .4Hang Gliding.7 How to Hang Glide .9 What It Takes.10Skydiving .13 How a Parachute Works .14 What It Takes.16Parasailing .19Glossary .23Index .24Air and FlightLook,up in the sky!Is it a huge b
24、ird?Is it Superman?No,its a regular person flying high,or“catching air,”while hang gliding,skydiving,or parasailing.Maybe youd like to try one of these wind-powered sports and soar and swoop through the wide-open skies.All you need is a sense of adventure,the right equipment,and an understanding of
25、how wind works.Skydivers jump from an airplane.Catching Air Level W2122Unlike hang gliding and skydiving,para-sailing has no minimum age requirement.There is no special training for the parasailor,though the boat driver needs to have experience.There are many ways to parasail.Strap on a harness or s
26、it in a specially designed chair.Ride alone or with a friend.Parasailing is usually done on oceans,lakes,and bays.Flyers take off from the shore from a barge in the water or from a boat equipped with a winch.Rides from parasailing companies typically last around 10 minutes and can cost$50 or more.A
27、basic parasail,plus accessories,can cost$1,000 and up.Parasailing History1918 Developed during WWI.A German U-boat(submarine)captain wanted to be able to see above the fog when his boat surfaced.1948 Dr.Francis Rogallo developed what he called a Delta kite,the basis for the kind of parachute used in
28、 parasailing.1960s Parascending was invented,an inexpensive way to teach parachuting.A parachuter and towrope were attached to a car driven fast enough to raise the parachuter to 305 meters(1,000 ft)before being set free.1970s Parasailing became a recreational activity.Delta kiteParaglidingParaglidi
29、ng combines elements of three wind sports:parasailing,hang gliding,and parachuting.Paragliders wear a wing-shaped parachute,and some attach a frame harness with a motor that looks like a big fan.They may take off from a tall cliff or snowy mountainside.Often,paragliders compete to see who can cover
30、the greatest distance or make the best time along a specific airborne course.They may take photos of reference points along the way to prove they passed a designated spot.Paragliders can stay in the air for hours at a time and travel great distances.Catching Air Level W1920ParasailingA 10-year-old g
31、irl standing on shore straps a harness over her life jacket.She adjusts her helmet and gives the driver of the speedboat the“thumbs-up”signal.The motor roars,the boat scoots forward,and the towrope connecting the girl to the boat tightens.She takes a few steps and begins to glide on the water.Is she
32、 water-skiing without skis?No,she is parasailing!As the boat zooms into the bay,the colorful parachute dragging behind her fills with air.The girl rises like a human kite,61 meters(200 ft)into the sky.The boat moving forward provides thrust,the power to take off.The air rushing into the parachute pr
33、ovides lift.As long as the towrope stays tight,the flyer sits back and enjoys the ride and the admiration of all those watching from the ground.When towing a parasailor,the speedboat cruises between 24 and 48 kph(1530 mph).It needs to go fast enough to create lift but not so fast that a wave will ma
34、ke it lose control.When turning,or if a strong gust of wind blows from behind,the boat needs to speed up.Slack in the towrope will cause the parasail to fall.Parasailing is not recommended when the wind is blowing stronger than 24 kph (15 mph).The height a flyer reaches depends on the speed of the b
35、oat and length of the towrope.On average,recreational parasailors reach the height of a 20-story building;maximum height is 183 meters(600 ft)over oceans and 91 meters(300 ft)over large lakes and bays.Some special-attraction parasail rides can go as high as 305 meters(1,000 ft).A parasailor soars al
36、oft as he launches from a beachside float.Parasailing high above the waterCatching Air Level W56Wind-sport enthusiasts pay attention to their natural surroundings.They know areas of land heat up faster than areas of water.They need moving air,so they like tall slopes and cliffs.As warm air rises fro
37、m land,a cooler wind from the sea rushes in to replace it.When this wind strikes the face of a cliff,it is deflected upward.This strong updraft of air creates liftand a great ride!Often,wind-sporters look to birds for flying advice.Hawks or seagulls circling lazily overhead are riding a rising colum
38、n of air called a thermal.Smart wind-sporters will also try to catch thermals for rides.First,lets look at air.You cant exactly see air,which is a collection of gases,and you cant really feel it unless it is moving.But air has weight and temperature,and takes up space(volume).Air moves around.When a
39、ir heats up,it becomes lighter and rises.Air becomes wind when cooler,heavier air rushes in to replace the warmer,lighter air that is rising.A light wind can move leaves;a heavy wind can move the whole tree!Hot-air balloons rise because the heated air inside the balloon is a higher temperature than
40、the cooler air outside.Wind-sporters catch updrafts to give them a boost into the sky.windwindthermal updraftCatching Air Level W56Wind-sport enthusiasts pay attention to their natural surroundings.They know areas of land heat up faster than areas of water.They need moving air,so they like tall slop
41、es and cliffs.As warm air rises from land,a cooler wind from the sea rushes in to replace it.When this wind strikes the face of a cliff,it is deflected upward.This strong updraft of air creates liftand a great ride!Often,wind-sporters look to birds for flying advice.Hawks or seagulls circling lazily
42、 overhead are riding a rising column of air called a thermal.Smart wind-sporters will also try to catch thermals for rides.First,lets look at air.You cant exactly see air,which is a collection of gases,and you cant really feel it unless it is moving.But air has weight and temperature,and takes up sp
43、ace(volume).Air moves around.When air heats up,it becomes lighter and rises.Air becomes wind when cooler,heavier air rushes in to replace the warmer,lighter air that is rising.A light wind can move leaves;a heavy wind can move the whole tree!Hot-air balloons rise because the heated air inside the ba
44、lloon is a higher temperature than the cooler air outside.Wind-sporters catch updrafts to give them a boost into the sky.windwindthermal updraftCatching Air Level W1920ParasailingA 10-year-old girl standing on shore straps a harness over her life jacket.She adjusts her helmet and gives the driver of
45、 the speedboat the“thumbs-up”signal.The motor roars,the boat scoots forward,and the towrope connecting the girl to the boat tightens.She takes a few steps and begins to glide on the water.Is she water-skiing without skis?No,she is parasailing!As the boat zooms into the bay,the colorful parachute dra
46、gging behind her fills with air.The girl rises like a human kite,61 meters(200 ft)into the sky.The boat moving forward provides thrust,the power to take off.The air rushing into the parachute provides lift.As long as the towrope stays tight,the flyer sits back and enjoys the ride and the admiration
47、of all those watching from the ground.When towing a parasailor,the speedboat cruises between 24 and 48 kph(1530 mph).It needs to go fast enough to create lift but not so fast that a wave will make it lose control.When turning,or if a strong gust of wind blows from behind,the boat needs to speed up.S
48、lack in the towrope will cause the parasail to fall.Parasailing is not recommended when the wind is blowing stronger than 24 kph (15 mph).The height a flyer reaches depends on the speed of the boat and length of the towrope.On average,recreational parasailors reach the height of a 20-story building;
49、maximum height is 183 meters(600 ft)over oceans and 91 meters(300 ft)over large lakes and bays.Some special-attraction parasail rides can go as high as 305 meters(1,000 ft).A parasailor soars aloft as he launches from a beachside float.Parasailing high above the waterCatching Air Level W1718Skydivin
50、g Fun Facts:Expert skydivers can land on a tiny target that is about the size of a tennis ball.The highest and fastest skydive on record occurred in 2012,when BASE jumper Felix Baumgartner jumped from a capsule attached to a high-altitude balloon floating at about 39 kilometers,or 128,000 feet.Thats