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1、www.readinga-LEVELED READER ALEVELED READER ACoral ReefsA Reading AZ Level N Leveled BookWord Count:615Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-LEVELED READER ALEVELED BOOK NNQUWritten by Paula SchrickerCoral Reefs
2、Coral ReefsWritten by Paula Schrickerwww.readinga-Coral ReefsLevel N Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Paula SchrickerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Michael Aw/PhotoDisc/Getty Images;back cover,pages 4,5(top),13(bottom):courtesy of Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary/
3、NOAA;title page,pages 5(bottom),7(all):courtesy Mohammed Al Momany/NOAA;pages 3,14:courtesy of Paige Gill/Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary/NOAA;page 6(left):courtesy of Steven Cook/Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary/NOAA;pages 6(right),13(top):courtesy of Florida Fish and Wildlife Conserva
4、tion Commission;page 10:courtesy of ISS Crew,Earth Observations experiment and the Image Science and Analysis Laboratory,NASA-JSC;page 11(main):courtesy of Andrew Bruckner/NOAA Fisheries;pages 11(inset),12(top):courtesy of USGS/Coastal&Marine Geology Program/CCWS;page 12(bottom):courtesy of David Bu
5、rdick/NOAA;page 15(left):courtesy of Dave Burdick;page 15(right):courtesy of Peter Craig/National Park of American Samoa/NPS/U.S.Department of InteriorCorrelationLEVEL NM2028Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRACoral Reefs Level N 34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4What Is Coral?.4A Busy Home Under Water
6、.7Where Do Corals Live?.8Danger to Coral Reefs.11Protecting the Reefs .14Glossary .16IntroductionCoral reefs are made up of many types and shapes of corals.Reefs are very busy places.Millions of sea plants and animals live in and around reefs.What Is Coral?The corals that form reefs arent rocks or p
7、lants.Corals are made up of groups of tiny animals called polyps(PAH-lips).Most polyps are smaller than a pea.Thousands of polyps can live on a piece of coral.Many kinds of coral,fish,and sea creatures live in a reef.Coral Reefs Level N 34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4What Is Coral?.4A Busy Home Un
8、der Water.7Where Do Corals Live?.8Danger to Coral Reefs.11Protecting the Reefs .14Glossary .16IntroductionCoral reefs are made up of many types and shapes of corals.Reefs are very busy places.Millions of sea plants and animals live in and around reefs.What Is Coral?The corals that form reefs arent r
9、ocks or plants.Corals are made up of groups of tiny animals called polyps(PAH-lips).Most polyps are smaller than a pea.Thousands of polyps can live on a piece of coral.Many kinds of coral,fish,and sea creatures live in a reef.Coral Reefs Level N 56One type of coral is called hard,or“stony,”coral.The
10、se corals live with plants called algae(AL-jee).The algae is food for the coral.Stony corals have hard skeletons.When the polyps die,the skeleton is left.Over time,old skeletons help build a reef.The second main type of coral is soft coral.These corals can bend with the tides.Some soft corals will s
11、ting if touched.Many corals are named for what they look like.Brain corals look like brains.Elkhorn corals look like the horns on an elk.Sea fan corals look like open fans.Polyps open their tentacles only at night to catch food.These feathery polyps form branches.(Left)A sea fan(a soft coral);(right
12、)a brain coral(a stony coral)Elkhorn coral branches out as an elks horns do.Coral Reefs Level N 56One type of coral is called hard,or“stony,”coral.These corals live with plants called algae(AL-jee).The algae is food for the coral.Stony corals have hard skeletons.When the polyps die,the skeleton is l
13、eft.Over time,old skeletons help build a reef.The second main type of coral is soft coral.These corals can bend with the tides.Some soft corals will sting if touched.Many corals are named for what they look like.Brain corals look like brains.Elkhorn corals look like the horns on an elk.Sea fan coral
14、s look like open fans.Polyps open their tentacles only at night to catch food.These feathery polyps form branches.(Left)A sea fan(a soft coral);(right)a brain coral(a stony coral)Elkhorn coral branches out as an elks horns do.Coral Reefs Level N 78A Busy Home Under WaterThousands of fish of all size
15、s,shapes,and colors live in reefs.They depend on the reef for food and safety.Shrimp,lobster,crab,and starfish feed around reefs.A hole in the reef makes a good home for an eel.Where Do Corals Live?Coral reefs need certain living conditions to stay healthy.They need the right depth of water.They nee
16、d healthy algae for food.Both coral and algae need water that is the right temperature.Coral reefs can be damaged easily.Fresh water that comes from rivers can kill coral.Dirt and debris can clog them.Heavy waves from large storms can break reefs apart.(top)Schools of brightly colored fish are commo
17、n on reefs.(bottom)Reefs offer many good hiding places.The dark areas of the map show the location of coral reefs.ATLANTIC OCEANEquatorPACIFIC OCEANINDIAN OCEANNCoral Reefs Level N 78A Busy Home Under WaterThousands of fish of all sizes,shapes,and colors live in reefs.They depend on the reef for foo
18、d and safety.Shrimp,lobster,crab,and starfish feed around reefs.A hole in the reef makes a good home for an eel.Where Do Corals Live?Coral reefs need certain living conditions to stay healthy.They need the right depth of water.They need healthy algae for food.Both coral and algae need water that is
19、the right temperature.Coral reefs can be damaged easily.Fresh water that comes from rivers can kill coral.Dirt and debris can clog them.Heavy waves from large storms can break reefs apart.(top)Schools of brightly colored fish are common on reefs.(bottom)Reefs offer many good hiding places.The dark a
20、reas of the map show the location of coral reefs.ATLANTIC OCEANEquatorPACIFIC OCEANINDIAN OCEANNCoral Reefs Level N 910There are three types of coral reefs.They are called fringing reefs,barrier reefs,and atolls.Fringing reefs sit close to the shore.Barrier reefs have a large lagoon,or area of water
21、,between the reef and the shore.An atoll is the third type of reef.An atoll grows in the shape of a circle.It grows around an old sinking island.After the island is gone,a water lagoon forms in the center of the atoll.Cross section of a barrier reefAn aerial view of an atollCross section of a fringi
22、ng reefCross section view of an atollCoral Reefs Level N 910There are three types of coral reefs.They are called fringing reefs,barrier reefs,and atolls.Fringing reefs sit close to the shore.Barrier reefs have a large lagoon,or area of water,between the reef and the shore.An atoll is the third type
23、of reef.An atoll grows in the shape of a circle.It grows around an old sinking island.After the island is gone,a water lagoon forms in the center of the atoll.Cross section of a barrier reefAn aerial view of an atollCross section of a fringing reefCross section view of an atollCoral Reefs Level N 11
24、12Danger to Coral ReefsCoral reefs are very fragile.Both disease and human activities damage reefs.Some fast-growing bacteria cause disease.The bacteria can destroy a big reef in just weeks.Other harmful bacteria attack the algae.If the coral cant eat the algae,the coral starts to starve.If the bact
25、eria are stopped,the coral can recover.Without enough algae to eat,the coral will die.If the coral dies,the reef will die.White band disease can destroy coral quickly.The white areas of these corals have been bleached as the algae that normally give them color have died.A dark ring resulting from bl
26、ack band diseaseCoral Reefs Level N 1112Danger to Coral ReefsCoral reefs are very fragile.Both disease and human activities damage reefs.Some fast-growing bacteria cause disease.The bacteria can destroy a big reef in just weeks.Other harmful bacteria attack the algae.If the coral cant eat the algae,
27、the coral starts to starve.If the bacteria are stopped,the coral can recover.Without enough algae to eat,the coral will die.If the coral dies,the reef will die.White band disease can destroy coral quickly.The white areas of these corals have been bleached as the algae that normally give them color h
28、ave died.A dark ring resulting from black band diseaseCoral Reefs Level N 1314Protecting the ReefsCoral reefs are beautiful.Reefs are also valuable.Reefs help protect coasts from storms and floods.Much of the worlds supply of fish lives around reefs.The fish depend on the reefs for their food.Many r
29、eef plants and animals also have other uses.Some are used for medicines.Many countries try to protect their reefs.They have written laws and rules to follow.But people do not always follow the laws and rules.Humans cause most coral reef damage.Some people fish with poisons and explosives.Boats and s
30、hips break off large chunks of reefs.Boats can leak gas and oil.Gas and oil leaks harm coral,plants,and fish.This officers job is to watch and protect coral reefs.Boats break off large chunks of coral.Coral Reefs Level N 1314Protecting the ReefsCoral reefs are beautiful.Reefs are also valuable.Reefs
31、 help protect coasts from storms and floods.Much of the worlds supply of fish lives around reefs.The fish depend on the reefs for their food.Many reef plants and animals also have other uses.Some are used for medicines.Many countries try to protect their reefs.They have written laws and rules to fol
32、low.But people do not always follow the laws and rules.Humans cause most coral reef damage.Some people fish with poisons and explosives.Boats and ships break off large chunks of reefs.Boats can leak gas and oil.Gas and oil leaks harm coral,plants,and fish.This officers job is to watch and protect co
33、ral reefs.Boats break off large chunks of coral.Coral Reefs Level N 1516Glossaryatolls(n.)circular reefs formed when coral grows around islands that later sink beneath the surface of the sea(p.9)barrier reefs(n.)reefs that sit farther from the shoreline,forming barriers between the open ocean and ca
34、lm lagoons(p.9)fringing reefs(n.)reefs that are veryclose to shorelines (p.9)lagoon(n.)shallow,calm water between a reef and the shoreline or in the center of an atoll(p.9)polyps(n.)tiny individual coral animals(p.4)Almost 25 percent of the worlds reefs have been destroyed.More than half of the rest
35、 are damaged.We can all do things to help protect the reefs.We can help even if we dont live near an ocean.Never throw things in the water.Learn about what people do that makes ocean temperatures rise.Learn what we do that makes bacteria grow.We can all help protect coral reefs.Then all the living t
36、hings on coral reefs will continue to have homes and food.Divers still enjoy visiting fragile reefs.Coral Reefs Level N 1516Glossaryatolls(n.)circular reefs formed when coral grows around islands that later sink beneath the surface of the sea(p.9)barrier reefs(n.)reefs that sit farther from the shor
37、eline,forming barriers between the open ocean and calm lagoons(p.9)fringing reefs(n.)reefs that are veryclose to shorelines (p.9)lagoon(n.)shallow,calm water between a reef and the shoreline or in the center of an atoll(p.9)polyps(n.)tiny individual coral animals(p.4)Almost 25 percent of the worlds
38、reefs have been destroyed.More than half of the rest are damaged.We can all do things to help protect the reefs.We can help even if we dont live near an ocean.Never throw things in the water.Learn about what people do that makes ocean temperatures rise.Learn what we do that makes bacteria grow.We ca
39、n all help protect coral reefs.Then all the living things on coral reefs will continue to have homes and food.Divers still enjoy visiting fragile reefs.Coral ReefsWritten by Paula Schrickerwww.readinga-Coral ReefsLevel N Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Paula SchrickerAll rights reserved.www.readi
40、nga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Michael Aw/PhotoDisc/Getty Images;back cover,pages 4,5(top),13(bottom):courtesy of Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary/NOAA;title page,pages 5(bottom),7(all):courtesy Mohammed Al Momany/NOAA;pages 3,14:courtesy of Paige Gill/Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary/NOA
41、A;page 6(left):courtesy of Steven Cook/Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary/NOAA;pages 6(right),13(top):courtesy of Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission;page 10:courtesy of ISS Crew,Earth Observations experiment and the Image Science and Analysis Laboratory,NASA-JSC;page 11(main):cour
42、tesy of Andrew Bruckner/NOAA Fisheries;pages 11(inset),12(top):courtesy of USGS/Coastal&Marine Geology Program/CCWS;page 12(bottom):courtesy of David Burdick/NOAA;page 15(left):courtesy of Dave Burdick;page 15(right):courtesy of Peter Craig/National Park of American Samoa/NPS/U.S.Department of Inter
43、iorCorrelationLEVEL NM2028Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAwww.readinga-LEVELED READER ALEVELED READER ACoral ReefsA Reading AZ Level N Leveled BookWord Count:615Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.www.readinga-LEVELED READER ALEVELED BOOK NNQUWritten by Paula SchrickerCoral Reefs