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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.The Case of the Disappearing HoneybeesA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,040WritingWrite a letter to the editor persuading readers to help save honeybees.Use the information from this book and outside resources to explain the impor
2、tance of honeybees and what people can do to help them.ScienceResearch two different species of bees and write a report comparing and contrasting them.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Karen MocklerYZ1Z2LEVELED BOOK Z2Written by Karen MocklerThe Case of the Disappearing Honeybeeswww.readinga-www.re
3、adinga-What are some factors contributing to the disappearance of honeybees?Focus QuestionWritten by Karen MocklerThe Case of the Disappearing HoneybeesThe Case of the Disappearing HoneybeesLevel Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Karen MocklerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-apiariesbustlingcomp
4、romisedcontagiondemisedisorderfertilizationforagegruesomemigratoryonsetparasitespathogenpesticidespollinatesanctuariessusceptiblesystemicWords to KnowPhoto Credits:Front cover:Ivan Kmit/D;title page:Paul Cowan/D;page 3:iStock/Helena Lovincic;page 4: 5:F Hecker/Blickwinkel/age fotostock;page 6(all):W
5、ILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy;page 7:Custom Life Science Images/Alamy;page 8:courtesy of Jay Evans/USDA;page 11:TPG/TOPHO/AP Images;page 12:Newspix/Rex USA;page 14:iStock/constantgardener;page 18:Rex USACorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA19Glossaryapiaries(n.)places where collections
6、of hives are kept for raising bees(p.6)bustling(adj.)moving in a rushed,noisy manner(p.14)compromised(adj.)damaged or impaired in some way(p.8)contagion(n.)an illness spread through direct or indirect contact,or the process by which it is spread(p.15)demise(n.)the end or failure of something;death(p
7、.9)disorder(n.)a physical or mental condition that is unhealthy or not normal(p.8)fertilization(n.)the process of combining male and female cells to create a new animal or plant(p.5)forage(v.)to search for or gather food or other supplies(p.9)gruesome(adj.)causing fear,shock,or disgust(p.10)The Case
8、 of the Disappearing Honeybees Level Z220migratory(adj.)of or relating to the regular movement from one habitat or region to another at certain times of the year(p.17)onset(n.)the start of something(p.13)parasites(n.)plants or animals that grow on or feed off others(p.9)pathogen(n.)a microorganism,s
9、uch as a virus or a bacterium,that causes disease(p.9)pesticides(n.)chemical or biological substances that kill harmful animals or plants(p.10)pollinate(v.)to put pollen in a flower in order to fertilize it(p.4)sanctuaries(n.)safe places(p.17)susceptible(adj.)easily affected or influenced;vulnerable
10、(p.9)systemic(adj.)of,relating to,or affecting an entire system or body(p.12)www.readinga-www.readinga-What are some factors contributing to the disappearance of honeybees?Focus QuestionWritten by Karen MocklerThe Case of the Disappearing HoneybeesThe Case of the Disappearing HoneybeesLevel Z2 Level
11、ed Book Learning AZWritten by Karen MocklerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-apiariesbustlingcompromisedcontagiondemisedisorderfertilizationforagegruesomemigratoryonsetparasitespathogenpesticidespollinatesanctuariessusceptiblesystemicWords to KnowPhoto Credits:Front cover:Ivan Kmit/D;title page:Paul
12、Cowan/D;page 3:iStock/Helena Lovincic;page 4: 5:F Hecker/Blickwinkel/age fotostock;page 6(all):WILDLIFE GmbH/Alamy;page 7:Custom Life Science Images/Alamy;page 8:courtesy of Jay Evans/USDA;page 11:TPG/TOPHO/AP Images;page 12:Newspix/Rex USA;page 14:iStock/constantgardener;page 18:Rex USACorrelationL
13、EVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA19Glossaryapiaries(n.)places where collections of hives are kept for raising bees(p.6)bustling(adj.)moving in a rushed,noisy manner(p.14)compromised(adj.)damaged or impaired in some way(p.8)contagion(n.)an illness spread through direct or indirect con
14、tact,or the process by which it is spread(p.15)demise(n.)the end or failure of something;death(p.9)disorder(n.)a physical or mental condition that is unhealthy or not normal(p.8)fertilization(n.)the process of combining male and female cells to create a new animal or plant(p.5)forage(v.)to search fo
15、r or gather food or other supplies(p.9)gruesome(adj.)causing fear,shock,or disgust(p.10)The Case of the Disappearing Honeybees Level Z220migratory(adj.)of or relating to the regular movement from one habitat or region to another at certain times of the year(p.17)onset(n.)the start of something(p.13)
16、parasites(n.)plants or animals that grow on or feed off others(p.9)pathogen(n.)a microorganism,such as a virus or a bacterium,that causes disease(p.9)pesticides(n.)chemical or biological substances that kill harmful animals or plants(p.10)pollinate(v.)to put pollen in a flower in order to fertilize
17、it(p.4)sanctuaries(n.)safe places(p.17)susceptible(adj.)easily affected or influenced;vulnerable(p.9)systemic(adj.)of,relating to,or affecting an entire system or body(p.12)17The hazards of migratory beekeeping are just one more piece of the complex puzzle of CCD.As with any puzzle,every piece matte
18、rs.It looks more and more as though CCD is a complicated mix of biological,chemical,and physical stresses.Help the BeesBecause of the complexity of CCD,scientists have yet to pinpoint the cause and recommend a cure.Solving the case of the disappearing honeybees will likely require additional researc
19、h.In the meantime,we can use the available knowledge to foster bee-friendly environments that will benefit plants,bees,and people.Honeybees benefit from access to a diversity of plant life;having a variety of native wildflowers means ample forage and longer foraging seasons.People can create honeybe
20、e sanctuaries in their yardsplaces full of blooming plants where bees can reduce their contact with pesticides and thrive in a natural environment.Reducing the need for bee transport is another way to reduce stress on honeybee populations.One way to do so is to establish a network of permanent local
21、 apiaries.Rooftop and backyard beekeeping is gaining popularity in many rural and urban neighborhoods.Cities such as Seattle,Chicago,San Francisco,and even New York have The Case of the Disappearing Honeybees Level Z218legalized private beekeeping.The bees visit parks and gardens,producing honey and
22、 pollinating native fruit trees and plants as they go.Even commercial monoculture farmers can find small ways to help bees without sacrificing a productive harvest.Setting aside a small portion of their land to plants that would sustain bees all year long instead of just for a couple of weeks each y
23、ear would help create a population of homegrown pollinators.Farmers could even investigate more organic means of pest control that would let them avoid using toxic chemicals to deal with pests.There is much we can do to help honeybees while scientists continue to unravel the mystery of colony collap
24、se disorder.Honeybees are small but important contributors to the health and well-being of many other species,including humans.Taking action to protect them helps not only the bees but us as well.More and more people in cities are keeping bees,such as this woman in London,England.3Table of ContentsW
25、ho Took My Strawberries?.4Busy Bees .5Missing in Action .6On the Case .8Just One Crop.10Keep On Trucking.13Help the Bees .17Glossary .19The Case of the Disappearing Honeybees Level Z24Who Took My Strawberries?Think of your favorite fruit.Now imagine a world in which that fruitand many other fruits,n
26、uts,vegetables,and flowersis extremely rare,perhaps even nonexistent.Such would be the world without honeybees.Honeybees dont just make honey.They pollinate the blossoms of plants.One in three bites of the food people enjoy is the product of honeybees hard labor.Yet honeybees are vanishing around th
27、e world,and the reason has puzzled scientists for years.Researchers have uncovered evidence,however,suggesting that the bees disappearance might have everything to do with humans.A healthy honeybee colony moves into a new hive.3Table of ContentsWho Took My Strawberries?.4Busy Bees .5Missing in Actio
28、n .6On the Case .8Just One Crop.10Keep On Trucking.13Help the Bees .17Glossary .19The Case of the Disappearing Honeybees Level Z24Who Took My Strawberries?Think of your favorite fruit.Now imagine a world in which that fruitand many other fruits,nuts,vegetables,and flowersis extremely rare,perhaps ev
29、en nonexistent.Such would be the world without honeybees.Honeybees dont just make honey.They pollinate the blossoms of plants.One in three bites of the food people enjoy is the product of honeybees hard labor.Yet honeybees are vanishing around the world,and the reason has puzzled scientists for year
30、s.Researchers have uncovered evidence,however,suggesting that the bees disappearance might have everything to do with humans.A healthy honeybee colony moves into a new hive.17The hazards of migratory beekeeping are just one more piece of the complex puzzle of CCD.As with any puzzle,every piece matte
31、rs.It looks more and more as though CCD is a complicated mix of biological,chemical,and physical stresses.Help the BeesBecause of the complexity of CCD,scientists have yet to pinpoint the cause and recommend a cure.Solving the case of the disappearing honeybees will likely require additional researc
32、h.In the meantime,we can use the available knowledge to foster bee-friendly environments that will benefit plants,bees,and people.Honeybees benefit from access to a diversity of plant life;having a variety of native wildflowers means ample forage and longer foraging seasons.People can create honeybe
33、e sanctuaries in their yardsplaces full of blooming plants where bees can reduce their contact with pesticides and thrive in a natural environment.Reducing the need for bee transport is another way to reduce stress on honeybee populations.One way to do so is to establish a network of permanent local
34、 apiaries.Rooftop and backyard beekeeping is gaining popularity in many rural and urban neighborhoods.Cities such as Seattle,Chicago,San Francisco,and even New York have The Case of the Disappearing Honeybees Level Z218legalized private beekeeping.The bees visit parks and gardens,producing honey and
35、 pollinating native fruit trees and plants as they go.Even commercial monoculture farmers can find small ways to help bees without sacrificing a productive harvest.Setting aside a small portion of their land to plants that would sustain bees all year long instead of just for a couple of weeks each y
36、ear would help create a population of homegrown pollinators.Farmers could even investigate more organic means of pest control that would let them avoid using toxic chemicals to deal with pests.There is much we can do to help honeybees while scientists continue to unravel the mystery of colony collap
37、se disorder.Honeybees are small but important contributors to the health and well-being of many other species,including humans.Taking action to protect them helps not only the bees but us as well.More and more people in cities are keeping bees,such as this woman in London,England.15managed honeybee
38、colonies are decliningfrom five million in the 1940s to half that number today.The result:honeybee colonies are being transported more than ever before,which puts the bees under greater stress.Once the blossoms are gone,the bees are packed up and shipped to a new location.Transport is tough on the b
39、ees since they are shut inside trucks with no way to obtain flower nectar.The sugar water that beekeepers feed them instead is comparable to junk food.Millions of bees die from the stress of commuting from job to job.Migrant bees face another problemcontagion.When bees arrive at their next pollinati
40、on job,they come in contact with millions of other migrant-worker bees.By one estimate,two-thirds of all bees in the United States interact on these huge farms.Which Crops Need Bees Most?0 20 40 60 80 100AlmondAppleBroccoliBlueberryCherryCucumberWatermelonTangerineLemonCottonPeanutGrapePercent of Ha
41、rvestThe Case of the Disappearing Honeybees Level Z216Bringing in bees from different parts of the country(or world)also spreads parasites and disease at a rapid rate,as they travel cross-country along with the bees.In the United States,beekeepers have attempted to fend off disease by adding antibio
42、tics to the sugar water that the bees feed on as they travel.Using antibiotics as a preventive measure,however,creates a problem of its own.Overuse of antibiotics may have weakened the honeybees ability to fight other diseases and resist the effects of pesticides.The drugs also kill off beneficial b
43、acteria that help bees process food.An additional concern is that,over time,bacteria can build up resistance to antibiotics,which renders the drugs ineffective.Africanized SurvivorsIn some places,bee species seem to be breeding and evolving into stronger strains.For instance,the Africanized honeybee
44、 is a hybrid of the European honeybee and the African honeybee.Some of these bees escaped from a Brazilian lab in 1957 and spread north,reaching the United States in 1990.People were horrified.Africanized bees are more aggressive than European honeybees,and rumors spread that they didnt make honey o
45、r pollinate plants.In fact,they do both those things.The bees are more aggressive,but they are also healthier.Some beekeepers have begun to welcome them as natures answer to CCD.5Busy BeesHoneybees live in colonies,busy places where each bee performs a specialized task.All the bees in a colony depen
46、d on each other and must work together to keep the hive humming.Outside the colony,a lone honeybee isnt likely to survive for more than twenty-four hours.Honeybee activity outside the hive is dedicated to a single purposefinding flowers in bloom and collecting pollen from them for food as well as ne
47、ctar to make honey.Honeybees from a single,healthy hive can visit more than one hundred thousand flowers in a day while performing one of the most critical processes in nature:pollination.When a bee brushes against the anthers on the inside of a flower,the bees body picks up pollen grains from that
48、flower.The pollen is transferred to the pistils of other flowers as the bee makes its rounds from blossom to blossom.The ongoing transfer of pollen from anthers to pistils is pollination,leading to fertilization,a process that will eventually result in seed formation.pistilantherspollenA bee pollina
49、tes a flower.The Case of the Disappearing Honeybees Level Z26Without pollination,plants dont reproduce.They eventually die off without being replaced,which presents a serious problem for animals that rely on those plants as a food source.Missing in ActionThe problem of disappearing honeybees became
50、evident in October 2006,when an American commercial beekeeper arrived at one of his apiaries in Florida to retrieve Whos Who in the HiveEach colony has one queen bee,whose primary job is to lay eggs in the spring and early summer.Queen bees are easy to distinguish from other bees in the hive because