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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Writing Would you want to be an oceanographer when you grow up?Why or why not?Write a paragraph using details from the text to support your answer.ScienceChoose and research an animal that lives in the deep ocean.Create a poster.Include a pict
2、ure and at least five interesting facts about the animal and its habitat.ConnectionsDeep in the OceanA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:913www.readinga-Written by Natalie RompellaLEVELED BOOK RLORDeep in the OceanWritten by Natalie RompellaDeep in the Oceanwww.readinga-How would you describ
3、e the deep ocean and what lives there?Focus QuestionDeep in the OceanLevel R Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Natalie RompellaAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover:Norbert Wu/Minden Pictures;title page,page 3:Norbert Wu/Minden Pictures/National Geographic Stock;page 4:Image co
4、urtesy of the Monteray Bay Aquarium Research Institute 2005 MBARI;page 5(main):David Nunuk/All Canada Photos/Corbis;page 5(inset):John Lund/Sam Diephuis/Blend Images/Corbis;page 7(top):Caan2gobelow/D;page 7(center bottom):U.S.Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Dave Fliesen;page 7(bottom):Jeffrey L.Ro
5、tman/Peter Arnold Images/PhotoLibrary;page 8(main):Stephen Frink/Corbis;page 8(inset):Paul A.Souders/Corbis;page 9(main):Photoshot Holdings Ltd/Alamy;page 9(inset):Science Source/Photo Researchers,Inc.;page 10:Chris Newbert/Minden Pictures;page 11:Fred Bavendam/Minden Pictures;page 12:Emory Kristof/
6、National Geographic Stock;page 13:Dr.Julian Gutt/PA Photos/Landov;page 14:David Shale/NaturePL/Minden Pictures;page 15:Innerhand/DFront cover:The deep ocean fangfish has a bony,hard body.This strong body works like a shell to help protect it from both the freezing temperatures and heavy water pressu
7、re found at depths of about 4,876 meters(16,000 ft).Title page:The tunicate attaches itself to the walls of deep ocean canyons.It waits for small sea life to swim past its wide-open mouth.Page 3:The deep ocean anglerfish uses the bright end of a spine like a fishing pole to attract prey.adaptabledat
8、aexpeditionsJurassicmarinepredictprocessesspeciessubmersibleWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3Deep in the Ocean Level RTable of Contents Deep Underwater .4Diving Deep in the Ocean .7Oceanographers .8Using Satellites for Tracking .9Counting the Sea Animals .10The
9、Census of Marine Life .11Living in Hot and Cold Water .12What Did We Learn?.14Glossary .164Deep UnderwaterImagine taking a voyage to the deepest part of the ocean.What types of things would you expect to see?Would it be dark or light?Would you see clearly or would the water be cloudy?Would it be war
10、m or cold?Would you see familiar animals and plants or find strange and new ones?The small,deep ocean sea pig roams the ocean floor,often in herds,eating tiny sea animals and microbes that live in the mud.5Sunlight warms the shallow parts of the ocean down to 200 meters(656 ft)below the surface.Plan
11、ts and animals that need sunlight and warm water live there,such as tiger sharks and many species of common dolphins.Deep in the ocean,other animals,including vampire squid,fangtooth fish,and viperfish,live in water that is cold and dark.Deep in the Ocean Level RThe warm,shallow waters of tide pools
12、 are home to species of starfish,anemones,mussels,and tiny crabs.6Ocean ZonesSunlit ZoneTwilight ZoneDeep Ocean200 m(656 ft)starfish,dolphin,tiger shark1,000 m to 4,000 m (3,281 ft13,124 ft)gulper-eel,viperfish,deep sea skate200 m to 1,000 m(656 ft3,281 ft)elephant-seal,sperm whale7Diving Deep in th
13、e OceanThe deep ocean,below 1,000 meters(3,281 ft),is freezing cold.The water pressure below 39.6 meters(130 ft)can harm you if you dont have the right protective gear.Sport divers wear air tanks filled with a mixture of gases for safety.They also wear special dive computers that help them know how
14、far down they are and how much air they have.Deep divers wear special hard diving suits to protect them from the water pressure.For really deep dives,groups of two or three scientists ride in a small submarine called a submersible.Some of these submersibles have robot arms that can collect samples o
15、f water,soil,and small animals underwater.In feet 02,0004,0006,0008,00010,00012,00014,00016,00018,00020,00022,000609 m(2,000 ft)4.57C (4045F)6,096 m(20,000 ft)02C (3235F)submersible craftdiving suit39 m(128 ft)713C(4555F)sport diverDeep in the Ocean Level R8OceanographersScientists who study the oce
16、an are called oceanographers(oh-shuh-NOG-ruh-furs).They often live for months on a ship,working seven days a week,and also teach at colleges and universities.Some of them study what sea animals eat and where they live.Others study the ocean water itself.All of them have to understand biology,chemist
17、ry,geology,and physics.Biology is the study of living things.Chemistry is the study of what things are made of and how they react and change when they come into contact with other things.Geology is the study of rocks and soil and the processes that shape and change the Earth.Physics is the study of
18、the natural laws,such as energy,force,and motion,that govern how things work.9Using Satellites for TrackingSatellites up in space can help to track sea animals travels in Earths oceans.Scientists tag some animals with electronic sensors to study them.A satellite can track the signal from the tag att
19、ached to the animals fin or back.The signal shows when,where,and how the animal travels.These tags have been used to track some fish that have traveled up to 75,000 kilometers(46,602 mi).Scientists can use this information to predict the animals future movements.Deep in the Ocean Level Rtagsatellite
20、10Counting the Sea AnimalsWhat types of animals live in the ocean?Where do they live?How many are there?Oceanographers studied and counted animals for ten years to discover the answers.They looked at all the worlds oceans from the North Pole to the South Pole.They counted everything they could find
21、from the largest whales to the smallest organisms.The surprising report is called the Census of Marine Life.Released in 2010,it contains data from more than 540 different expeditions that began in more than eighty countries.Lionfish,or turkeyfish,swim among coral sea fans off the Solomon Islands.The
22、ir long,feathery spines can sting any predator that comes too close.Native to the South Pacific,lionfish were first spotted in United States waters in 2000.11The Census of Marine Life The study revealed new information and several surprises about extreme habitats.One surprise from the study was wher
23、e things lived:everywherein all water levels and temperatures!Marine species lived in the hottest and coldest places.More than seventeen thousand species lived in deep places without light and some without oxygen.Another surprise was how many new species were discovered.More than twelve hundred new
24、marine species have been described,and more than five thousand species are still waiting to be described.Scientists found one species of Jurassic shrimp that was thought to have gone extinct more than fifty million years ago.Deep in the Ocean Level RThe leafy sea dragon blends in with the plants of
25、its surroundings.Its eyes move independently of each other so it can look in two directions at once.The male sea dragon carries the eggs for the female and gives birth.12Living in Hot and Cold WaterThe very cold Deep Ocean Zone has more than one million hot volcanoes in it.The water temperature at a
26、 volcano can be 400C(752F),which is hot enough to melt lead.Species such as eyeless shrimp,white crabs,giant tube worms,and many bacteria live in this very hot water.These animals use sulfur rather than sunlight to live.Over 2 kilometers(1.3 mi)deep in the ocean,giant tube worms live in the hot wate
27、r that bubbles up from a lava pillar.13Huge groups of Arctic and Antarctic animals were also found living in water that is close to or below freezing.Giant squid,Antarctic cod,and the lions mane jellyfish are some species that live under solid ice that is 700 meters(2,296 ft)thick.Many of these spec
28、ies slow down their movements to save energy so they dont freeze.Deep in the Ocean Level RThe Antarctic ice fish has no red blood cells.Its thinner blood contains a type of antifreeze that allows it to survive in the frigid waters beneath ice that would freeze the blood of most fish.14What Did We Le
29、arn?Scientists learned that life is even more adaptable than they originally thought.Animals living in the deep ocean have found ways to survive in harsh environments that would be impossible for most other species to live in.The marine census counted more than 230,000 species in more than 30 millio
30、n records.More than 6,000 new species had never been seen before!Some animals were see-through,or translucent.Some had warning lights that turn on and off so that they can see in the darkness.Others had long feelers instead of eyes to attract prey and learn what was around them.Some had teeth so lon
31、g that they overlapped their jaws.Others made their own antifreeze to stay warm.The big-eyed Atlantic gonate squid lives in the cold,deep waters of the northern Atlantic Ocean.15What else lives in the deep ocean?Scientists keep discovering new species and new facts.The more they look,the more they f
32、ind.They think that only one quarter of all marine life has been counted.Not all the animals that have been discovered have been documented and described.There are many more surprises to come!Explore MoreTo learn more about the Census of Marine Life,A Decade of Discovery,go to its website at:l.orgEa
33、ch week,new discoveries are added to the marine census project using a map on Google Earth:lmaps.org/census-on-google-earthOn the Internet,search terms such as:deep sea species,nudibranch,blind lobster,or NASA oceanographyDeep in the Ocean Level R16Glossaryadaptable(adj.)able to change to fit a new
34、or specific situation or environment(p.14)data(n.)facts and information,such as measurements or statistics,used to analyze or plan(p.10)expeditions(n.)journeys or voyages;groups of people who go on journeys or voyages(p.10)Jurassic(adj.)of or relating to a period of the Mesozoic era when many dinosa
35、urs lived and birds and mammals began to evolve(p.11)marine(adj.)of or relating to the sea(p.10)predict(v.)to say what is going to happen in the future,often using observation or experience(p.9)processes(n.)series of actions that may be natural or that are designed as steps to a goal(p.8)species(n.)groups of living things that are physically similar and can reproduce(p.5)submersible(n.)a small vessel that can operate under water,especially at deep levels(p.7)