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1、www.readinga-SVYFrederick Douglass:Forever FreeVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK SWritten by Jennifer McStottsFrederick Douglass:Forever FreeA Reading AZ Level S Leveled BookWord Count:1,079www.readinga-Written by Jennifer McStottsCorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&Pi
2、nnellReading RecoveryDRAFrederick Douglass:Forever FreeLevel S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Jennifer McStottsAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Frederick Douglass:Forever FreePhoto Credits:Front cover,page 3:The Granger Collection,NYC;page 10:Tom Uhlman/Alamy;page 13:Corbis;page 14:courtesy of L
3、ibrary of Congress,P&P Division,LC-DIG-highsm-09902;page 15:Bettmann/CorbisIllustration Credits:Back cover,pages 1,4,5,6,9,11:Learning AZ/Jen Betton34Table of ContentsBread for Lessons .4Born a Slave .6Escape!.8Writing and Speaking.11Land of the Free.13Glossary .16Bread for LessonsEight-year-old Fre
4、derick Douglass took a loaf of bread from the kitchen and slipped out the back door to run errands.Frederick was a slave,but he knew he had more to eat than some boys in his neighborhood.So he traded them bread for something he wanted even morean education.Frederick Douglass,1866Frederick Douglass:F
5、orever Free Level S56For slaves in the 1820s,learning how to read and write was against the law.Frederick had a trick,though.Hed“show off”by writing a few letters in the dirt.The poor white boys would write other letters,and before long,Frederick knew the alphabet.Soon he started trading food for le
6、ssons in reading and writing.Frederick would give up his lunch every day to learn!Born a SlaveFrederick was born a slave in February of 1817 or 1818.He never knew the date of his birth,and though he knew his father was white,he never knew who he was.His mother was Harriet Bailey,but Frederick was ra
7、ised by his grandmother,Betsey Bailey.Frederick Douglass:Forever Free Level S78When he was eight years old,Frederick was sent to work for the Auld family in Baltimore,Maryland.When Frederick first arrived,Mrs.Auld helped teach him the alphabet.Then her husband stopped her an educated slave would jus
8、t want to be free,he said.So Frederick read the newspaper in secret to practice his skills.For some time,Frederick struggled to understand the word abolition.Whenever a slave ran away or did something a slaveholder didnt like,abolition was blamed.Frederick tried looking up the word in the dictionary
9、,but it just said“the act of abolishing.”What was being abolished?In 1831,Frederick read in the newspaper about the abolition movement and the people trying to end slavery.Now he understoodsome white people wanted to abolish slavery,too!Frederick also learned that blacks were free in some states,and
10、 he began dreaming of escape.“Once you learn to read,”Douglass wrote later in life,“you will be forever free.”Escape!For years,Frederick had lived the easier life of a slave in the city.At fifteen,he was sent to work on a farm as a field hand for Edward Covey,a man known as a“slave breaker.”Covey be
11、at slaves,including Frederick.For six months,Frederick took Coveys beatings until one day Frederick fought back.The fight lasted for nearly two hours.Once Covey let him go,he never tried to beat him again.Still,Frederick continued to dream of freedom.Frederick worked on his literacy,too.He even join
12、ed a debate club,where he met Anna Murray,a free black woman.Together,Anna and Frederick planned his escape.Dressed in a sailors uniform and carrying a free mans passport,Frederick traveled by train to New York.The escape took a little less than twenty-four hours,but as Frederick later wrote,“I live
13、d more in one day than in a year of my slave life.”Frederick Douglass:Forever Free Level S910Speaking to audiences years later,Frederick would say,“I appear before you this evening as a thief and a robber.I stole this head,these limbs,this body from my master and ran off with them.”Escaping didnt me
14、an that a slave like Frederick was truly free.Slaves who made it to a free state could live as if they were free.Yet they could still be seized and taken back to a slave state.Frederick sent for Anna to join him,and they were married in 1838.Since Frederick could still be caught and forced back into
15、 slavery,the newlyweds changed their name to Douglass.They settled in New Bedford,Massachusetts,and had five children together.A Railroad for RunawaysA secret group of people organized to help runaway slaves in the 1800s.This network came to be called the Underground Railroad.Places with food,clothi
16、ng,and shelter were called safe houses or stations.Because many runaways traveled on foot,people helping the slavesknown as conductors or stationmasterstried to provide a station every fifteen miles.Frederick Douglass stayed in safe houses when he first escaped.He himself later became a stationmaste
17、r in Rochester,New York,helping some slaves escape to Canada.safe house in Ripley,OhioFrederick Douglass:Forever Free Level S1112Writing and SpeakingSlaveholders argued that slaves werent smart enough to be free.Each time Douglass spoke at antislavery meetings,he proved them wrong.Yet he spoke so we
18、ll that some whites refused to believe he had ever been a slave.To prove he had been a slave,Douglass wrote an autobiography.Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass was published in 1845.Critics said that the book,like Douglass,was fake:no slave could write so well,they argued.Yet the book was a
19、 huge success and convinced many people that a slave could have a great mind.At the same time,the book included details that could have led to Douglasss arrest.In order to avoid capture,Douglass left the country on a two-year speaking tour.An electrifying speaker,Douglass was a star in England.Fans
20、there raised$711 to buy Douglasss freedom.When Douglass returned to the United States in 1848,he founded a newspaper.He also wrote thousands of speeches and editorials calling for an end to slavery.“I expose slavery in this country,”wrote Douglass,“because to expose it is to kill it.Slavery is one o
21、f those monsters of darkness to whom the light of truth is death.”One of his most famous speeches was“What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?”In it,Douglass surprised his audience by asking questions about what Independence Day meant for slaves and former slaves.“What have I,or those I represent,to
22、 do with your national independence?Are the great principles of political freedom and of natural justice .extended to us?”Frederick Douglass:Forever Free Level S1314Land of the FreeBy the Civil War,Douglass was the most famous black man in the United States.In 1863,he served as President Lincolns ad
23、visor on the Emancipation Proclamation,an order that freed most of the slaves.Some historians think Douglass helped inspire Lincolns famous Gettysburg Address.Douglass also convinced Lincoln to allow black soldiers to fight for the North.When they did,two of Douglasss sons were among them.Douglasss
24、writing and speaking helped end slavery with the Thirteenth Amendment,passed after the Civil War ended in 1865.Three years later,the Fourteenth Amendment gave citizenship to former slaves.In 1870,the Fifteenth Amendment gave every male citizen,even former slaves,the right to vote.Douglass and Presid
25、ent LincolnAfter Lincoln died,Douglass spoke about him at a memorial in Lincolns honor.The crowd gave Douglass a standing ovation,and the presidents widow,Mary Todd Lincoln,gave him Lincolns favorite walking stick in appreciation.The walking stick still rests in Douglasss house.Douglass and Womens R
26、ightsDouglass fought for womens rights until the day he died.In 1920,the states ratified the Nineteenth Amendment,giving women the right to vote.Guards of the 107th United States Colored TroopsFrederick Douglass:Forever Free Level S1516Douglass wanted the United States to truly become a“land of the
27、free”for blacks,women,Native Americans,and immigrants,too.“I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong,”Douglass said.He continued to fight for equality for the rest of his life.Douglass died on February 20,1895.Today,Douglass is often called the father of the civil rights mov
28、ement.He changed the way the country thought about slavery and race.He left behind words to continue to inspire Americans,including this motto:“Right is of no sex,truth is of no color.”Glossaryabolition(n.)the act of doing away with or ending something;the act of making slavery illegal(p.7)amendment
29、(n.)a change or addition to a document or law(p.14)autobiography(n.)a true story about a persons life,written by that person (p.11)citizenship(n.)the state of being an official member of a country(p.14)civil rights(n.)legal,social,and economic rights that guarantee freedom and equality for all citiz
30、ens(p.15)editorials(n.)articles in a newspaper or magazine that express the opinion of the publisher (p.12)electrifying(adj.)causing great excitement or enthusiasm(p.12)inspire(v.)to encourage a person to act(p.13)literacy(n.)the ability to read and write(p.8)Douglass,1870sFrederick Douglass:Forever Free Level S