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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Why We SleepA Reading AZ Level S Leveled BookWord Count:1,012Writing Think about your bedtime routine and sleep habits.Using information from the book,write about whether you would change your habits.MathIf people spend about one-third of thei
2、r lives asleep,how many years have you spent asleep so far?Connectionswww.readinga-LEVELED BOOK SPSVWritten by S.E.VirgilioWhy Wewww.readinga-Written by S.E.VirgilioHow is sleep important to good health?Focus QuestionWhy We16Glossarybrain waves(n.)patterns of brain activity that can be measured in e
3、lectric currents(p.7)function(v.)to act or work as expected(p.4)immune system a system that moves (n.)antibodies through the body to fight infection(p.10)monitor(v.)to observe or check the progress of something over time(p.11)reorganized(v.)changed the way something is ordered or arranged(p.12)resto
4、res(v.)returns something to its original condition(p.9)schedule(n.)a plan for when and where one or more events will take place(p.15)shuffling(v.)moving around or rearranging(p.8)triggers(v.)causes something to take place(p.7)16Why We SleepLevel S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by S.E.VirgilioAll r
5、ights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:iStock/skynesher;title page:iStock/Weekend Images Inc.;page 3:iStock/BazarDeLaNature;page 4(top left):iStock/andresr;page 4(top right):iStock/Witthaya;page 4(bottom left):iStock/Marcelo-Kaneshira;page 4(bottom right):iStock/Yagi-Studio
6、;page 5:Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Hulton Fine Art Collection/Getty Images;page 6:BURGER/PHANIE/Canopy/Getty Images;page 7:VEM/Science Source;page 8:Phanie/Alamy Stock Photo;page 9:Boris Austin/Stone/Getty Images;page 13:Science Photo Library/Alamy Stock Photo;page 14:Photographerlondon/D;page
7、15:iStock/kwanchaichaiudomWords to Knowbrain waves function immune system monitor reorganizedrestoresscheduleshufflingtriggersCorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA15Good sleep habits are very important.Try to go to bed and wake up at the same time each day.This helps keep your bo
8、dy on schedule.It also helps if you limit your screen time.Try not to watch television or use a computer,tablet,or smartphone just before bedtime.Dont exercise right before going to bed.Going for a walk is fine,but anything more could make it hard to fall asleep.If you do have trouble falling asleep
9、,try taking a warm bath or shower.Either one will relax your muscles.Good sleep habits keep the body healthy and the mind sharp.Remember,if you dont snooze,you just might lose!Sticking to a sleep schedule,even on weekends,can help you fall asleep and stay asleep all night.Why We Sleep Level S153Tabl
10、e of Contents Introduction .4What Is Sleep?.5The Need for ZZZs .8Sleep Patterns .11Getting a Good Nights Rest .14Glossary .16Why We Sleep Level S14Getting a Good Nights RestMany things should happen when our tired head hits the pillow.When they dont,things can go wrong for us during the day.A lack o
11、f sleep can make us cranky and cause us to make more mistakes when working.We also have a hard time solving problems.Our brain doesnt struggle alone.Studies show that the body has a harder time keeping a steady temperature without enough sleep.Wounds take longer to heal.Naps dont always make up for
12、a lack of good nighttime sleep,but a quick nap can help improve mood,alertness,and performance.4IntroductionWho doesnt like to curl up between soft sheets and slowly drift off into a sound sleep?Getting a good nights sleep is how we rest after a busy day at school,work,or play.People and most other
13、animals need sleep to function well.Like food and water,sleep is necessary to keep minds sharp and bodies ready to go.Wowser!Did you know that people spend about a third of their lives asleep?That means someone who is seventy-five years old has spent twenty-five years snoozing!13REM sleep is quite d
14、ifferent from the other stages of sleep.During REM sleep,closed eyes move rapidly from side to side.Its as if the sleeper is watching a ping-pong match.Brain activity,breathing,and heart rate are almost at waking levels.Instead of resting,the brain is speeding along,yet the sleepers body is complete
15、ly still.Muscles are frozen in place during this stage.Perhaps that is because of the wild dreams that take place during REM sleep.Sweet(and Not So Sweet)DreamsWe dream when we are in REM and deep sleep.We dream every night,although we dont always remember our dreams.All dreams are like stories that
16、 play out in our mind.Not all of these stories are pleasant.Nightmares are scary dreams that can make sleepers wake up upset.Young children sometimes have serious nightmares called night terrors.Night terrors can cause them to scream and move about without being fully awake.For centuries,people have
17、 wondered if dreams had secret meanings.Ancient people believed they were messages from the gods.Today,some people think that dreams come from our imagination.Others think dreams have hidden messages.Why We Sleep Level S5What Is Sleep?Falling asleep happens naturally and at regular times.Its also ea
18、sy to stop sleeping;a loud noise is often all that is needed to wake a sleeping person.So what is sleep,and what makes us fall asleep?People have struggled for centuries to answer these questions.An ancient Greek thinker believed that sleep was a quiet time of rest brought on by eating.That idea is
19、not as strange as it sounds.Most people are ready for a nap after enjoying a big meal.Do You Know?Aristotle believed that digesting food sent warm vapors to the head.The vapors then cooled and went to the heart,causing people to feel sleepy.While this is not true,how sleepy you feel does depend on t
20、he kind of food you eat.Some foods cause a sleepy feeling,while others,like chocolate,have caffeine.Those foods can make you perk up instead of wind down.AristotleWhy We Sleep Level S12During stage 2 NREM,muscles dont move much.The sleeper becomes less aware of the outside world.This is when memorie
21、s start to shift.Half or more than half of all sleep time is spent in stage 2 NREM sleep.During stage 3 NREM,sleepers begin to dream.In the brain,newly learned information is reorganized.Lasting memories are formed.Breathing rate,heart rate,blood pressure,and brain temperature are lowest during this
22、 stage.It is usually very hard to wake someone from this deep sleep.This stage lasts for nearly a quarter of sleep time.This chart shows about how much time per night the average adult spends in each stage of sleep.The length of sleep stages differs from person to person depending on many things,inc
23、luding age.Length of Sleep StagesStage 1 NREMStage 2 NREMStage 3 NREMREMSource:The Brain from Top to Bottom6A better understanding of sleep came about in the early twentieth century.Studies showed that the brain does not really shut down when people snooze.Instead,brain activity changes as wakefulne
24、ss shifts to sleep.The idea that the brain remains somewhat active during sleep was new.This discovery led to more sleep research.A special machine is used to record brain waves.11Sleep PatternsNot all kinds of sleep are the same.Sleep goes through cycles.To understand how sleep works,researchers mo
25、nitor brain activity,eye movement,breathing rates,and heart rates in sleeping people.They put all these measurements into a single graph.The graph shows a pattern of different stages of sleep.There are two types of sleeprapid eye movement(REM)sleep and non-rapid eye movement(NREM)sleep.NREM sleep ha
26、s three different stages.During the first stage,people feel drowsy and start to doze.They may twitch and suddenly jerk awake,imagining they are falling.This stage doesnt last more than ten minutes.Sleep Stages in CyclesAs shown in this sample graph,a sleeping person goes through the stages of sleep
27、in multiple cycles each night.Cycle 1 Cycle 2 Cycle 3 Cycle 4 Cycle 511 pm 12 am 1 am 2 am 3 am 4 am 5a am 6 am 7 amAwakeREM sleepNREM stage 1NREM stage 2NREM stage 3Why We Sleep Level S7Doctors wanted to know just what caused changes in brain waves.They learned that a substance called adenosine aff
28、ects the brain and triggers sleep.The body produces adenosine naturally as it uses energy.During the day,more and more of this substance travels to the brain.There,it acts to slow down many body processes that are active when we are awake.Machines that record brain activity show that a sleeping pers
29、ons brain,especially while dreaming,can be just as active as it is when that person is awake.Tighter waves indicate more activity in the brain,and looser waves occur during relaxation.1 awake2 awake with eyes closed3 falling asleep4 asleep5 deep sleep6 asleep,dreamingAwake and AsleepSource:VEM/Scien
30、ce SourceWhy We Sleep Level S10We also need sleep to help our bodies fight illness and heal wounds.It strengthens the bodys immune systemthe cells and tissues that work to fight infection.During sleep,the body focuses on healing instead of using energy on other activities.Studies show that during sl
31、eep,the body produces more of the special blood cells that fight illness.Thats why doctors recommend bed rest for their sick patients.Sleep Problems There are a number of different sleep problems.Here are three of the best-known ones.Insomnia is difficulty falling asleep.People may suffer from insom
32、nia for any number of reasons.Stress and worry may cause insomnia.Bad pain or disease may make it impossible to sleep.Narcolepsy is almost the opposite of insomnia.People with narcolepsy may suddenly fall asleep at any time.These sleep attacks can be startling to others.Patients may have sudden musc
33、le weakness that makes them fall to the ground,unable to move.Sleepwalking is fairly common among teens.It is rare in adults.Sleepwalkers move about with their eyes openwalking,talking,or even doing chores.A sleepwalking episode usually lasts less than ten minutes.It is not dangerous or harmful to w
34、ake a sleepwalker,but its best to simply lead him or her back to bed.8The Need for ZZZsIf our brain doesnt shut down while we snooze,what does it do?The answer:it helps us learn by shuffling memories.The brain first stores much of what we learn in what is called short-term memory.Short-term memory i
35、s a good place to put information for a little while.It isnt big enough or strong enough to hold everything we learn forever.The brain must move information from short-term memory to long-term memory.This shuffle happens while we sleep.Doing this makes it easier to remember and use what weve learned
36、.Scientists examine a mans brain and body during a sleep study.9Falling asleep does not just involve a change in brain activity.The bodys processes change as well.When we are awake,we use energy.Body cells are broken down.When we are asleep,the body shifts to a different kind of activity.During slee
37、p,new cells are built up.This process restores body tissues and helps them grow.For this reason,sleep is important to athletes.During training,they constantly break down cells and tissues.They need enough rest to restore those tissues and make them stronger.This is also the reason that new babies sleep so much.Most infants double their birth weight in five months.That rate of growth can only happen if there is more building-up activity than breaking-down activity.Professional athletes need sleep to strengthen body tissues and restore energy levels.Why We Sleep Level S