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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Alexander the GreatA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:902WritingResearch Aristotle and his teachings.Write a report describing how his teachings influenced Alexander the Great.Social StudiesResearch to learn more about ancient Macedon
2、ia.Make a poster describing the kingdom at the time Alexander was king,including details such as population,language,religion,and common cultural traditions.ConnectionsAlexander the GreatAlexander the Greatwww.readinga-Written by Carol WyattLEVELED BOOK RLEVELED BOOK RAlexander the Greatwww.readinga
3、-How did Alexander the Great create his large empire?Focus QuestionWritten by Carol Wyatt16Glossarycity-states(n.)cities or urban areas that act as independent countries (p.5)claim(v.)to say that something is ones right or property(p.4)control(n.)the power to influence or restrict a situation or som
4、eones behavior;the ability or power to manage an object(p.5)dominated(v.)had continuing power or a commanding presence over(p.11)empire(n.)a collection of nations or people ruled by one person or government(p.4)explore(v.)to observe and learn about an area by traveling over or through it(p.4)intelli
5、gence(n.)the ability to learn and understand(p.7)javelins(n.)long spears thrown for sport,in hunting,or in war(p.7)responsibilities(n.)things a person is supposed or expected to take care of(p.8)Alexander the GreatWorld Leaders Level R Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Carol WyattAll rights reserve
6、d.www.readinga-Front cover:A British painting shows Alexander the Great and his army.Title page:A statue of Alexander the GreatPage 3:A painting shows Alexander the Great on his horse Bucephalus in battle.Photo Credits:Front cover:The History of Our Wonderful World:Alexander the Great,Jackson,Peter/
7、Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images;title page,page 5(bottom):Universal History Archive/Universal Images Group/REX Shutterstock;page 3:Alexander the Great riding Bucephalus,McConnell,James Edwin/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images;page 5(top):BeBa/Iberfoto/The Image Wor
8、ks;pages 6,15(top right):Granger,NYC;page 7:PanosKarapanagiotis/iStock/Thinkstock;page 8:age fotostock/Alamy Stock Photo;page 10:Alexander the Great on Bucephalus,English School/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Images;pages 11,15(bottom right):Alexander the Great at the Battle of Issus,Gr
9、eek/Museo Archeologico Nazionale,Taranto,Puglia,Italy/Mondadori Electa/Bridgeman Images;page 12(top):A Macedonian Phalanx,illustration from Hutchinsons History of the Nations,1915,Rowlandson,George Derville/Private Collection/Bridgeman Images;pages 12(bottom),15(bottom left):akg-images/Peter Connoll
10、y/The Image Works;page 13:Alexander and Porus at the Battle of Hydaspes,c.1673,Le Brun,Charles/Louvre,Paris,France/Bridgeman Images;page 14:Greg Balfour Evans/Alamy Stock Photo;page 15(top left):Rare Ancient Greek Coin,Gold Stater,Macedonia,Alexander the Great 336 BC/Hoberman/UIG/Bridgeman Images;pa
11、ge 15(center left):The Taming of Bucephalus,McConnell,James Edwin/Private Collection/Look and Learn/Bridgeman Imagescity-statesclaimcontroldominatedempireexploreintelligencejavelinsresponsibilitiesWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA15327 bc:Continues to conquer cen
12、tral Asia;pushes into India336 bc:Philip is killed;Alexander becomes king of Macedonia331 bc:Defeats Darius and the Persians in Asia343 bc:Aristotle becomes Alexanders teacher333 bc:Defeats the Persians led by Darius at the Battle of Issus323 bc:Dies in Babylon356 bc:Born in Macedonia340 bc:Stops a
13、war on Macedonias eastern border334 bc:Advances into Persia,wins the first battle332 bc:Invades Egypt,where he is welcomed326 bc:Wins his last battle in India344 bc:Bucephalus becomes Alexanders horseAlexander Conquers the WorldAlexander Conquers the World360 bc355350345340335330325320 bcAlexander t
14、he Great Level R3Alexander the Great Level RTable of ContentsA Great Leader .4Preparing to Be King .5Becoming King .9The Life of Alexander the Great .14Glossary .1614Historians think Alexanders horse,Bucephalus,died in 326 bc after a battle in India.The Life of Alexander the Great Alexanders empire
15、included parts of Europe,Asia,and Africa.His life was not just about taking control of land and ruling people.Perhaps because of his early education,he learned the traditions of his new empire,and in turn,he and the Macedonians spread Greek culture in new lands.Alexander became a role model for the
16、rulers and explorers who followed.He opened doors to new places and helped create an exchange of new ideas.4Alexanders Empire at Its Peak,323 bcAlexanders Empire at Its Peak,323 bcBLACK SEAMEDITERRANEAN SEAEuphrates RiverHydaspes RiverARABIAN SEACASPIAN SEAPERSIAINDIAASIA MINORMACEDONIAEGYPTRED SEAP
17、ERSIAN GULFNile RiverAlexandriaTaxilaBabylonAlexanders empireExploration routeA Great Leader Nearly 2,300 years ago,there lived a powerful leader named Alexander the Great.Alexander was the king of Macedonia,which was part of ancient Greece.Alexander set out with his armies to explore and claim new
18、lands.He ended up with a great empire.13Alexander the Great built the biggest empire Europe had known,including land in Greece,Asia,and Africa.Alexander the Great Level RThe Macedonian army struggled in 326 bc in the land they called India(Afghanistan and Pakistan now)as they moved farther east.Afte
19、r winning a difficult battle,Alexander continued on through India.He was badly injured along the way but managed to recover.Alexander pushed his men to keep moving,even though it caused them great danger.After fighting for nearly ten years,many of Alexanders men were tired and wanted to go home.They
20、 finally convinced him to turn around.They made it to Babylon in 323 bc.However,Alexander came down with a fever,and in June of that year,Alexander the Great died,just before he turned thirty-three.5Alexanders father,Philip II,became king of Macedonia in 359 bc.Olympias,Alexanders mother,knew that i
21、f her son were king,she would keep her place among royalty.Alexander the Great Level RPreparing to Be KingAlexander was born in 356 bc.Alexanders father,Philip II,was king of Macedonia before Alexander.With the support of a powerful army,Philip kept Macedonia and most of the surrounding Greek city-s
22、tates under his control.Alexanders mother,Olympias,firmly wanted her son to be king of Macedonia one day.Alexander wanted to be a powerful leader.12Alexander took over his fathers army when he became king.The armys strength in battle came in part from fighting in a tight rectangular formation.The ge
23、nerals who had fought with Philip helped Alexander,and his leadership skill on the battlefield was outstanding.He seemed to know what his enemies would do,and he knew exactly when and where to attack.Foot soldiers in tight formations carried spears that were sometimes 6 meters(20 ft.)long.A Greek so
24、ldier with a knife,called a dagger,helmet,and shield.Alexanders ArmyAlexanders ArmyAs Alexander gained control of more land and people,he started following Persian customs and asked his men to do the same.He began to demand that the Macedonians bow to him as the Persians did.Many Macedonians did not
25、 like Alexanders new ways.6Bucephalus,Alexanders horse,was a constant companion to him.Alexanders strengths became clear at an early age.When he was twelve years old,Philip decided not to buy a horse because it was too nervous.Alexander noticed that the horse was frightened by its own shadow.By turn
26、ing the horses head away from its shadow,he was able to calm the horse.Alexander then rode his new horse,whose name was Bucephalus,with ease.Bucephalus and Alexander would be together for life.11A stone carving depicts Alexander on his horse in the Battle of Issus.Alexander the Great Level RAlexande
27、r traveled south to stop Persian ships by taking control of cities along the Mediterranean Sea.Some fought back,but the Macedonians strength and skill dominated.In 332 bc,Alexander marched south into Egypt.The Persian leader there gave Alexander control.Alexander gave Egyptians government positions.
28、He permitted their religion.The Egyptians welcomed him.Alexander decided to move farther into Asia,east of Asia Minor.In what is Iraq today,the final battle with the Persians took place in 331 bc.Darius again fled the battlefield after losing to the Macedonians.Now Alexander ruled the Persian Empire
29、.He traveled through Persia trying to find Darius.Before Alexander could find him,however,Darius was killed by a local leader.7A statue of Aristotle is on display at his birthplace in Stagira,Greece.Alexander the Great Level RWhen Alexander was growing up,his father was often away.Philip relied on s
30、pecial teachers to prepare his son to be king.Young men of Greece had to learn to hunt,ride horses,and fight with swords,javelins,and bows.Alexander and his friends needed to learn these skills to survive in battle.Philip asked Aristotlea very wise manto teach Alexander science,history,and other sub
31、jects.Aristotle was respected for his intelligence.He also helped Alexander appreciate art and culture.10When Alexander arrived in Asia Minor in 334 bc,he threw his spear into the ground and claimed the land.Soon after,the Macedonians fought the Persians in a battle at the Granicus River.Both armies
32、 were well trained on horseback and on foot.The Persians,however,fell quickly to the speed and power of the Macedonians.Alexander and his men moved on.Next,Alexander and his army freed Greek cities along the Aegean Sea.Darius III,the king of Persia,went to fight Alexander and the Greeks in the Battl
33、e of Issus.The Persians again lost to the Macedonians.Darius managed to escape.Alexander understood how to approach a battle,often with great speed and surprise.8Alexander became king of Macedonia when he was twenty years old.As he grew older,Alexander took on more responsibilities,including leading
34、 soldiers in battle.Alexander was raised to be the next king.However,in 337 bc,Philip married a woman who was born in Macedonia.Olympias was not a Macedonian.If Philip had a baby with his new wife,the child would be first in line to become king instead of Alexander.In 336 bc,Philips new wife had a b
35、aby girl.In the same year,a man killed Philip.The new baby was too young to take the throne,and after Philips death,Alexander became king.9Macedonia and the City-StatesMacedonia and the City-StatesBLACK SEAMEDITERRANEAN SEAAEGEAN SEAMACEDONIAASIA MINORPellaDelphiThebesAthensCorinthThere were several
36、 Greek city-states,each with its own capital.This map shows some of the most powerful capitals.The areas surrounding the capitals formed the states.Alexander the Great Level RBecoming KingAs soon as he became king,Alexander called on his fathers army for support.Persia was Greeces long-time enemy an
37、d had taken Greek land in Asia Minor.Like Philip,Alexander wanted to rule Persia and more.Many of the Greek city-states supported Alexander,but others were not sure about the young king and his grand ideas.The states had the power to keep Alexander from ruling Greece and could also ruin his plans in Asia.Alexander used force to maintain rule and silence people who opposed him.A year after becoming king,he set off for Asia Minor.