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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Fun by Remote ControlA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:1,931Writing and ArtDesign a remote-controlled vehicle that could help with a job.Draw a diagram of your vehicle.Write the script for a commercial persuading people to buy your
2、vehicle.ScienceResearch a remote-controlled vehicle that was designed to be helpful.Create an informational pamphlet describing the vehicle and its purpose.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by John PerritanoFun by Remote ControlXZ1Z2LEVELED BOOK Z2Fun by Remote Controlwww.readinga-Written by John Perr
3、itanoWhy are remote-controlled vehicles popular?Focus QuestionLearn MoreYou can learn more about RC vehicles by visiting your local hobby shop.Many cities also have RC flying clubs where you can watch pilots fly.RC drivers and pilots are usually happy to talk about their vehicles and to share tips w
4、ith people new to the hobby.Fun by Remote ControlLevel Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by John PerritanoAll rights reserved.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover:Vstock LLC/Tetra Images/Corbis;title page:ZUMA Press,Inc./Alamy;page 3:iS
5、tock/Leefoster;page 4:Gunter Nezhoda/Alamy;page 5:illustration by Julie Kim/Learning AZ;page 10:Radharc Images/Alamy;page 11:Warren Dillaway/Ashtabula Star Beacon/AP Images;page 12:PhotoStock-Israel/Alamy;page 13:Brookstone;page 14:Ed Darack/Science Faction/SuperStock;page 15:Guo Cheng/Xinhua/Landov
6、;page 16:Roland Weihrauch/picture-alliance/dpa/AP Images;page 17:REUTERS/Wolfgang Rattay;page 18:BEAWIHARTA/Reuters/Landovaerobaticcounterpartsdroneselectromagnetic radiationexpelfilamentsfuselageindustrialminiaturizationphenomenonprecisionreplicasemiconductorsthrottletransistortransmitterturbine-po
7、weredvintageWords to Know3Table of ContentsA New Record .4The Birth of Radio Control .5Basics of RC .8Four-Wheeled Fun .9RC Racing .11RC Flying .12The Future of RC Technology .17Glossary .19Many people enjoy putting all the parts of a kit car together.Fun by Remote Control Level Z24A New RecordNiels
8、 Herbrich of Germany goes through his preflight checklist before flying his red jet airplane with the swept-back wings.This is no ordinary jet,however.Its small enough to fit inside the trunk of a car and is nearly as speedy as a full-size airliner.As for Herbrich,hes no ordinary pilot.He flies the
9、plane without ever leaving the ground.The planes turbine-powered engine hums to life.Moments later,in an ear-splitting whine and a burst of flame,the jet skids across the grass and races into the sky.Whoosh!The pilot uses a handheld radio remote control to maneuver the jet as it rolls and banks thro
10、ugh the course.Eventually,the radio-Some radio-controlled aircraft,like the one shown here,use jet engines.5controlled(RC)jet hits a peak speed of 440 miles per hour(708 kph).Herbrich has just set a new speed record for Guinness World Records.Children and adults have been playing with RC planes,boat
11、s,cars,trucks,and helicopters for decades.Most RC machines arent nearly as fast as Herbrichs jet plane,but they are every bit as fun.The Birth of Radio ControlWe can thank Nikola Tesla for conceiving the idea for the first radio-controlled machine.He was born during a lightning storm on July 10,1856
12、,in what is now Smiljan(SMEEL-yawn),Croatia.Tesla became an inventor whose experiments in electricity would inspire radios,radar,and robots.As a young man,Tesla had the idea to use radio wavesinvisible airborne ripples of electromagnetic radiationto control a boat.His“Tesla coil”laid the foundation
13、for wireless technologies,including radio-controlled machinery.Teslas experiments eventually led the scientist to New York City in 1898 for Madison Square Gardens first Electrical Exhibition.It was there that Tesla first demonstrated a radio-controlled boat that shocked and delighted attendees years
14、 before most people had even heard of radio technology.Fun by Remote Control Level Z26Using a homemade transmitter,Tesla sent a series of radio signals to the 4-foot(1.2 m)craft as it floated in a large tank of water built for the demonstration.The small boat moved gracefully around the tank in resp
15、onse to Teslas silent commands.It even answered math questions from members of the audience by blinking its lights.The crowd was stunned.Some accused Tesla of using his mind to control the boat.Others said it must be magic or that perhaps a trained monkey was hidden inside.In actuality,the boat work
16、ed because of a series of levers,gears,springs,and motors controlled by a coherer,a radio-activated switch.The demonstration was front-page news.Tesla called his invention the teleautomaton.Tesla did not invent the boat as a toy.He had grander plans.Tesla hoped the U.S.Navy would buy his radio-contr
17、olled device to guide torpedoes through the water,but that never happened.Teslas demonstration of the worlds first radio-controlled boat caused a stir in 1898.7The technology did see some use during World War I(19141918)and World War II(19391945)but would not come into significant use until the Spac
18、e Age began in 1957.In the early twentieth century,most radio-control technology was best suited for large machines.The equipment and batteries needed to power electric motors were huge.That all changed in 1947 with the invention of the transistor by Bell Labs in Murray Hill,New Jersey.Transistors a
19、re much smaller,safer,and more reliable than the vacuum tubes they replaced in electronics.Transistors use metals and semiconductors,rather than filaments in a vacuum,to amplify electric currents.Remote-control technology moved beyond narrow military and industrial applications into broad,everyday u
20、se.Engineers began to use transistors to shrink the size of electric motors.Some even began putting transistors into radio-controlled toys.A new hobby was born.Word WiseRC(or“R/C”)stands for either“remote-controlled”or“radio-controlled.”Remote-controlled vehicles include vehicles connected to a cont
21、roller by a wire.However,most modern remote-controlled vehicles communicate wirelessly over radio frequencies.Fun by Remote Control Level Z28Basics of RCPeople have created hundreds of different types of radio-controlled vehicles,from robots to boats to aerial drones.While the mechanics of how they
22、work differ,all use the same basic technology in a three-part system.A transmitter,or remote control,sends radio signals,including steering and throttle commands,over a specific frequency.A receiver inside the vehicle is constantly looking for signals from the transmitter.The receiver decodes the si
23、gnals,sending electric currents to mechanical motors called servos,which move and guide the vehicle.The transmitter and receiver are both powered by batteries.What Is Radio?Radio is a type of electromagnetic energythe same energy that we see as visible light.Radio energy travels in invisible waves t
24、hrough the air and can go through most walls.Electromagnetic energy comes in many forms,depending on the size of the waves and their frequency(number of waves per second).Radio waves range from longer than a football field to about the length of a bicycle and have a frequency of 1 million to 100 mil
25、lion waves per second.Light,microwaves,and X-rays are also types of electromagnetic energy,but they have much shorter wavelengths and much higher frequencies than radio.wavelength9Four-Wheeled FunToy makers first began to sell RC cars in the mid-1960s.Todays cars are smaller and more powerful.They a
26、re powered by gasoline,electricity,or something called glow fuela high-performance fuel mixture nicknamed“Nitro.”Batteries dont expel fumes or create significant noise,but they need to be replaced or recharged often,meaning drivers need to carry several with them for an afternoons fun.Gasoline-or Ni
27、tro-powered models run faster and longer than models that run on batteries,but drivers need to carry bottles of fuel,and they can be messy and more expensive to maintain than their battery-powered counterparts.Many toy stores sell basic RC cars that are inexpensive and easy to maintain,but serious R
28、C drivers buy“hobby-grade”cars that can cost several hundred dollars.Many people build hobby-grade RC cars from kits that come with all the parts boxed together.Drivers can replace parts,paint the body,and buy accessories such as upgraded metal gears,better shocks,and higher-quality or replacement b
29、ody parts.Many drivers also modify kit cars with bigger engines or motors.Others prefer ready-to-run(RTR)cars that come already assembled.Fun by Remote Control Level Z210Whether assembled from kits or purchased as already constructed units,RC cars come in several shapes and sizes.For example,touring
30、 cars include such models as Ford Mustangs,Chevy Camaros,and Porsche 911s.Some RC drivers choose the car based on their favorite track:asphalt,concrete,or carpet.Off-road vehicles are popular because many of them come with large tires and heavy-duty shock absorbers.These vehicles can go just about a
31、nywhere,including uncut lawns,vacant lots,and dirt fields.Some resemble classic monster trucks.Others look like sporty pickup trucks or vintage buggies.Many specialty units are available only for a limited time and become collectors editions.Three Nitro-powered RC cars race around a track.11RC Racin
32、gSome people love racing their RC cars.While some drivers compete with friends in vacant lots or in parks,others race in organized competitions on tracks that look like real speedways.With names such as the Serpent Cup and the East Coast ProCup Challenge,racing competitions are organized into catego
33、ries by the size of the vehicle,its class,whether it is kit-built,and whether it gets its power from an electric motor,a Nitro-powered engine,or a gasoline-powered engine.The racing classes include touring cars,sports cars,and off-road vehicles(both two-wheel drive and four-wheel drive).Off-road bug
34、gies catch big air on jumps during a national RC car competition in Kingsville Township,Ohio,on August 10,2013.Some competitions are straight-line races that are usually held at a drag strip or airfieldplaces with long,open,paved areas for the vehicles.Drivers also race around closed-course oval tra
35、cks and complicated off-road courses that include hills and obstacles.Some of the coolest off-road events occur at RC truck-and tractor-pulling competitions.RC trucks pull wheeled sleds that weigh from 35 to 100 pounds(1645 kg).Thats like pulling an average-sized bulldog or a German shepherd!Fun by
36、Remote Control Level Z212RC FlyingBob Motta of Danbury,Connecticut,remembers when the RC flying bug bit him.It was in the 1960s,and Motta took to the air in his first RC planean F4 Corsair,a replica of a plane that was used in World War II and the Korean War by the U.S.Navy and Marine Corps.These da
37、ys,Motta mainly pilots World War I models such as his Nieuport 28,which is a replica of a French biplane fighter.Hes amazed by how advanced the planes have become.“After the miniaturization of the electronics,things really took off,”he says.Whether piloting a plane,blimp,helicopter,or one of the new
38、 types of drones,many hobbyists love taking to the sky in an RC aircraft.Most RC pilots learn the basics by flying training planes,sometimes called“trainers”or“foamies.”Trainers are designed to be simple and to make flying easy.They are often made out of foam,which makes them lightweight and less li
39、kely to be seriously damaged in the event of a crash.These models also often come with several flight modes to provide a progressive learning experience for new pilots.RC planes perform stunts in the air during a competition in 2009.13Once pilots master the trainer,they often graduate to sport plane
40、s,which can perform complicated aerobatic maneuvers.They are generally more forgiving than planes designed for the precision maneuvers associated with aerobatic flying.Sport planes often have a special wing design that makes it easier for new pilots to fly the planes upside down.“Ive had 747 jumbo j
41、et pilots tell me that model airplanes are more of a challenge to fly than real planes,”Motta said.“You have to stand on the ground and use all of your senses because what comes up must come down.”Computerized RCSome RC cars now use computer networking technology for communication.Drivers control ve
42、hicles using a wireless connection and a smartphone or tablet.These control systems work because wireless computer networks also use radio waves to communicate.Some RC vehicles use their wireless connection to a computer to do more interesting things.One,the Rover Revolution,looks like a robot on fo
43、ur wheels.Its equipped with two cameras,a microphone,and a speaker.The driver can see video,talk,and listen as the rover moves about.Rover RevolutionFun by Remote Control Level Z214Many RC pilots love to fly replicas of airplanes that flew in World War I and World War II.Known as“warbirds,”they come
44、 in kits or ready-to-fly(RTF)models and always get lots of attention on the flight line.RC pilots can even build,paint,and customize their own planes.Motta remembers spending hundreds of hours putting a plane together.When one crashes,he picks up the pieces that are not damaged and keeps them as spa
45、res for other planes.Warbirds,such as this German Triplane from World War I,are popular among RC hobbyists.15Today,pilots can buy Almost-Ready-to-Fly(ARTF)planes.“Instead of two hundred hours building a plane,you can do it in about twenty,”Motta says.“In that time,youll have a plane that is respecta
46、ble and good looking.”The ARTF planes come in fewer pieces,which saves on assembly time,but they can be heavier and harder to repair.While planes are challenging to fly,helicopters with a single rotor on the top of the fuselage can be even more complicated to handle.More than half of the first-time
47、fliers crash their helicopters in the first minute if they arent careful and dont educate themselves before flying.Some types,such as mini helicopters,make learning to fly easier,especially indoors,but they still require practice.Although these RC copters are small,they can teach pilots many of the
48、skills necessary to fly bigger helicopters.A boy flies his RC mini helicopter through an obstacle course as part of a competition in China in 2013.Fun by Remote Control Level Z216Quadrocopters,also known as quadcopters,have four spinning blades,usually at the corners of the vehicle,and can fly in al
49、l directions.Autogyros look like a cross between a plane and a helicopter.A propeller at the front or back moves the aircraft forward,which causes the unpowered blades on top to spin and keep the autogyro airborne.Its a phenomenon called autorotation.One advantage of all the copters is that they don
50、t need a runway to take off or land.Since 2013,International Search and Rescue has used quadrocopters with cameras in its training missions.17The Future of RC TechnologyRC technology isnt just a hobby.Drones flown by pilots sitting miles away use the same basic technology and can perform various civ