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1、www.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK WWritten by Stephanie PretzerThe Smithsonian Institution A Reading AZ Level W Leveled BookWord Count:1,337 TheSmithsonianInstitutionwww.readinga-The Smithsonian Institution Level W Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by S
2、tephanie PretzerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover:Valentin Armianu/D;title page:REUTERS/Jason Reed;page 3:Richard T.Nowitz/Corbis;page 4:courtesy of the U.S.National Park Service;pages 5,9(top):David Coleman/Alamy;page 6:Bettmann/Corbis;page 7:Wasin Pummarin/123RF
3、;page 8:Joel Sartore/National Geographic Society/Corbis;page 9(bottom):REX USA;page 10:Jim Lo Scalzo/epa/Corbis;page 11(left):Smithsonian Institution/Corbis;page 11(right):Gift of Mr.&Mrs.Samuel F.Hunter,Division of Work&Industry,National Museum of American History,Smithsonian Institution;page 12:Va
4、cclav/D;page 13:D.Hurst/Alamy;page 14(top):Michael Reynolds/epa/Corbis;page 14(bottom):Kumar Sriskandan/Alamy;page 15:Wangkun Jia/D Front and back cover:The Castle is the main administration building for the Smithsonian Institution.Title page:Judy Garland wore these ruby slippers in the 1938 movie T
5、he Wizard of Oz.Page 3:Charles Lindbergh,the first person to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean,named his plane Spirit of St.Louis in honor of his supporters in St.Louis,Missouri.Written by Stephanie PretzerTheSmithsonianInstitutionCorrelationLEVEL WS4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34Table of
6、ContentsIntroduction .4The Smithsonian Castle .5The National Museum of Natural History .7The National Museum of American History .10The National Air and Space Museum .13The Gift That Keeps on Giving .15Glossary .16IntroductionYour parents are parking the car,and you can hardly contain your excitemen
7、t.Today,youre going to explore the“Nations Attic”the Smithsonian Institution.Your best friend visited Washington,D.C.,last year and told you how amazing it was.Your family wants to see so many sites in Washington,D.C.,that there isnt much time for the Smithsonian.So youll make the best of it and see
8、 as much as possible.The car is parked.Time to go.1 Smithsonian Castle2 National Museum of Natural History3 National Museum of American History4 National Air and Space Museum5 National Museum of African American History and Culture6 Freer Gallery of Art7 Arthur M.Sackler Gallery8 National Museum of
9、African Art9 Arts and Industries Buildingbk Hirshhorn Museumbl National Museum of the American Indianbm U.S.Capitolbn U.S.Botanic Gardenbo National Gallery of ArtEast Buildingbp National Gallery of ArtWest Buildingbq National Sculpture Gardenbr Washington Monument00.25 km.25 mile165789 bkblbmbobpbqb
10、rbn324 Smithsonian buildings from text Other Smithsonian buildings Other landmark buildingsThe Smithsonian Institution Level WNational Mall,Washington,D.C.KEY56The Smithsonian Castle You walk across the National Mall,where some of the nations most famous monuments sit alongside several of the Smiths
11、onians museums,to the Castle,which is the original museum.The red brick building holds the remains of James Smithson,the British scientist,chemist,and mineralogist for whom the institution is named.Once inside,a friendly volunteer explains more of the story.When Smithson died in 1829,he left his for
12、tune to his nephew,Henry James Hungerford,with strict instructions that in the event that he died without children,his entire collection would be given to the United States to establish the Smithsonian Institution.Smithson wanted to create a place where knowledge of all kinds could be collected for
13、everyone to experience.The Smithsonian Institution was founded in 1846.Smithson never told anyone why he chose to create an institution in a country he had never visited.Most of his personal papers were destroyed in a fire at the institution in 1865.The volunteer says that Smithsons fortune of$500,0
14、00,equivalent to more than$8 million in todays dollars,was a great gift to the American people and the world.The volunteer goes on to explain how Smithsons money established what has become the largest research and museum complex in the world.The Smithsonian Institution has nineteen museums and gall
15、eries and more than 138 million artifacts in its collections.You try to wrap your head around those amazing numbers on the short walk to the Museum of Natural History.Alexander Graham Bell,inventor of the telephone,brought Smithsons remains to the United States in 1904.As a scientist,Smithson collec
16、ted samples of many different items to share with the world.The Smithsonian Institution Level W78The National Museum of Natural History The green dome and decorative columns outside of the Museum of Natural History make it look more like a government building than a museum.You read earlier that it o
17、pened in 1910.You climb the stairs and open the doors,entering the huge rotunda.In the center is Henry,an 8-ton(7,257 kg),14-foot-tall(4.2 m)elephant native to Angola,in southern Africa.The sign in front of the display says that the centerpiece shows how scientists from different scientific fields o
18、f study,such as botany,biology,and zoology,collaborate to study animals and their habitats.Looking at a map,you realize that you have many choices.You could learn about mammals,trace the origins of humanity,or explore geology.It would take days to look at everything,but the Sant Ocean Hall catches y
19、our attention first.You walk past Henry into the hall and look up.Floating overhead,as if swimming in the air,is a replica of Phoenix,a North Atlantic right whale.Its amazing that something bigger than a school bus45 feet(13.7 m)long and weighing 2,300 pounds(1,043 kg)can look so graceful.A sign exp
20、lains that right whales were hunted nearly to extinction for their oil and are now the rarest of all the large whales.Scientists estimate that fewer than five hundred of these whales live in the North Atlantic.As you wander through the exhibits,you learn about coral reefs,examine the skeletons of ot
21、her ocean creatures,and explore ancient ocean life.You even see a preserved giant squid!Scientists have tracked the real Phoenix ever since she was born off the coast of Georgia in 1987.Henry was made from the skin of a real elephant that was almost one hundred years old.The Smithsonian Institution
22、Level W910Next is the Hall of Bones.Skeletons from hundreds of creatures fill the displays.You see different species of monkeys,cats(big and small),deer,and other mammals;snakes,turtles,crocodiles,and other reptiles;and even birds and fish.Each skeleton is different,and the diversity is astounding.B
23、efore you know it,you have to move on to the next museumbut not without a stop to see the Hope Diamond first.Mom insists.National Museum of American History A short walk down the Mall takes you to the National Museum of American History.The buildings facade looks like gigantic boxes stacked side by
24、side.Out front,a cool,squiggly sculpture moves slowly,seeming to change shape.Once inside,youre faced with the same decision as in the last museumwhere to begin?The Star-Spangled Banner exhibit is right at the entrance.Walking into the dark room,you see a huge,tattered flag on display.Its amazing to
25、 think this flag was the inspiration for Francis Scott Key to write the poem that became the U.S.national anthem.Its more than two hundred years old!(Top)In the Hall of Bones,visitors can see skeletons of many creatures,including this crocodile.(Bottom)The Hope Diamond has always been famous.It was
26、once worn by a French king and is rumored to be cursed.Because certain types of light can harm the fabric,the Star-Spangled Banner is kept in a special room.The Smithsonian Institution Level W1112Next,Dad wants to see the Lighting a Revolution exhibit,so you head over there.The place is packed with
27、lightbulbs,gadgets,and old appliances.You see one of Thomas Edisons first lightbulbs,from 1879.Dad is fascinated by the evolution of lightbulbs,but you love the failed inventionsespecially the electric marshmallow toaster.You pull Dad away to look at the Americans on the Move section.On display is a
28、 Winton,the first car to drive from San Francisco to New York City and back in 1903when there were few roads.Nelson Jackson and Sewall Crocker made the trip and picked up a dog,Bud,along the way.After that,you move on to the American Presidency exhibits.You stop at the uniform of George Washington,t
29、he first U.S.president,and the lap desk where Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence.Time is running out,so you quickly go to see Dorothys ruby slippers from Moms favorite movie,The Wizard of Oz.Theres so much more to see,but you want to make it to the next museum.A volunteer says yo
30、u can never see it all because the museum is always changing to display its millions of artifacts.Come next year and it might look completely different!Smithsonian by the NumbersName of Museum Year OpenedAverage Visitors Each YearNational Museum of Natural History19108 millionNational Museum of Amer
31、ican History19644.9 millionNational Air and Space Museum19768 millionTotal for all 19 museums:30 million visitors each yearThe Winton had no top or doors,no radio,and no air-conditioning.(Left)This lightbulb is from Thomas Edisons workshop in Menlo Park,New Jersey.(Right)The ability to use electrici
32、ty for more than just light sparked the invention of small appliances such as this marshmallow toaster.The Smithsonian Institution Level W1314The National Air and Space Museum You make your way to the National Air and Space Museum.Its huge and packed full of all sorts of aircraft and spacecraftand t
33、hen you learn theres another complete museum in Virginia.This time you decide to start at the beginning and head over to the Wright Flyerthe first powered airplane to fly with a pilot.It looks tiny compared to modern airplanes,and the fabric-and-wood construction seems too flimsy for flight.You lear
34、n that in 1903,Orville and Wilbur Wright flew for an entire 12 seconds,going 120 feet(36 m)and reaching a height of 9 feet(2.7 m)with an engine less powerful than most riding lawn mowers.From the beginning of flight,you walk a short distance to the Milestones of Flight Hall.Mom points out the Spirit
35、 of St.Louis,the plane Charles Lindbergh flew on the first nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927.Then you see the actual Apollo 11 command module,which carried astronauts to the Moon in 1969.Nearby,you touch an actual Moon rock.Its smooth and cool.Next is Amelia Earharts bright red a
36、irplane.Mom explains that,in this airplane,Earhart became the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic Oceanfive years to the day after Charles Lindberghs famous trip.In another area sits a real airplane engine you can exploreand you even get to use some airplane mechanic tools.Youre just beginni
37、ng to look into the engine when your dad calls.Its time to go.The wingspan of the Wright Flyer40 feet,4 inches(12.2 m)is a little wider than the length of a school bus.(Top)A clear plastic case protects Columbia,the Apollo 11 command module.(Bottom)The Moon rock is one of the most popular items in t
38、his museum.The Smithsonian Institution Level W1516Explore OnlineUse the website below to connect to and learn about the museums,galleries,and zoo that are part of the Smithsonian Institution.Remember to ask a parent or teacher before going on the Internet.www.si.edu/MuseumsThe Gift That Keeps on Giv
39、ing On your long walk back to the car,you ask if you can all come back next year.Your parents say theyll think about it,but until then theyll explore the Smithsonian Institutions websites with you.The sites have tons of cool stuff to see and learn aboutincluding things that arent on display in the m
40、useums.You cant wait to tell your friend about all the things youve seen as well as discover new things online.As you pass by the Castle again,you wave.Your parents give you a strange look,but you explain that youre just saying thank you to James Smithson for his wonderful gift.Glossary artifacts(n.
41、)any objects made or used by humans long ago(p.6)collection(n.)a group of similar items that belong together or that someone chooses to save(p.5)complex(n.)a group of buildings close to one another,used for a common purpose(p.6)diversity(n.)a wide variety of many things(p.9)establish(v.)to set up or
42、 start something,such as a system,organization,or government(p.5)exhibits(n.)public displays of one or more objects,such as at a museum(p.8)facade(n.)the front,or face,of a building(p.10)galleries(n.)rooms or buildings that house works of art for public display(p.6)institution(n.)a large,organized g
43、roup that has a special purpose in a society or culture(p.4)monuments buildings,statues,or other structures (n.)built as memorials to a person or an event(p.5)museums(n.)buildings used to store and show things that are important to history,science,or art(p.5)rotunda(n.)a round room or building,often covered by a dome(p.7)The Castle is one of the first buildings to be built on the National Mall.The Smithsonian Institution Level W