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1、3.1415926535897932384626433832795028841971693993751058209749445923078164062862089986280348253421170679821480865132823066470938446095505822317253594081284811174502841027019385211055596446229489549303819644288109756659334461284756482337867831652712019091456485669234603486104543266482133936072602491412
2、737245870066063155881748815209209628292540917153643678925903600113305305488204665213841469519415116094330572703657595919530921861173819326117931051185480744623799627495673518857527248912279381830119491298336733624406566430860213949463952247371907021798609437027705392171762931767523846748184676694051
3、320005681271452635608277857713427577896091736371787214684409012249534301465495853710507922796892589235420199561121290219608640344181598136297747713099605187072113499999983729780499510597317328160963185950244594553469083026425223082533446850352619311881710100031378387528865875332083814206171776691473
4、035982534904287554687311595628638823537875937519577818577805321712268066130019278766111959092164201989380952572010654858632788659361533818279682303019520353018529689957736225994138912497217752834791315155748572424541506959508295331168617278558890750983817546374649393192550604009277016711390098488240
5、128583616035637076601047101819429555961989467678374494482553797747268471040475346462080466842590694912933136770289891521047521620569660240580381501935112533824300355876402474964732639141992726042699227967823547816360093417216412199245863150302861829745557067498385054945885869269956909272107975093029
6、553211653449872027559602364806654991198818347977535663698074265425278625518184175746728909777727938000816470600161452491921732172147723501414419735685481613611573525521334757418494684385233239073941433345477624168625189835694855620992192221842725502542568876717904946016534668049886272327917860857843
7、838279679766814541009538837863609506800642251252051173929848960841284886269456042419652850222106611863067442786220391949450471237137869609563643719172874677646575739624138908658326459958133904780275900994657640789512694683983525957098258226205224894077267194782684826014769909026401363944374553050682
8、034962524517493996514314298091906592509372216964615157098583874105978859597729754989301617539284681382686838689427741559918559252459539594310499725246808459872736446958486538367362226260991246080512438843904512441365497627807977156914359977001296160894416948685558484063534220722258284886481584560285
9、060168427394522674676788952521385225499546667278239864565961163548862305774564980355936345681743241125150760694794510965960940252288797108931456691368672287489405601015033086179286809208747609178249385890097149096759852613655497818931297848216829989487226588048575640142704775551323796414515237462343
10、645428584447952658678210511413547357395231134271661021359695362314429524849371871101457654035902799344037420073105785390621983874478084784896833214457138687519435064302184531910484810053706146806749192781911979399520614196634287544406437451237181921799983910159195618146751426912397489409071864942319
11、615679452080951465502252316038819301420937621378559566389377870830390697920773467221825625996615014215030680384477345492026054146659252014974428507325186660021324340881907104863317346496514539057962685610055081066587969981635747363840525714591028970641401109712062804390397595156771577004203378699360
12、072305587631763594218731251471205329281918261861258673215791984148488291644706095752706957220917567116722910981690915280173506712748583222871835209353965725121083579151369882091444210067510334671103141267111369908658516398315019701651511685171437657618351556508849099898599823873455283316355076479185
13、358932261854896321329330898570642046752590709154814165498594616371802709819943099244889575712828905923233260972997120844335732654893823911932597463667305836041428138830320382490375898524374417029132765618093773444030707469211201913020330380197621101100449293215160842444859637669838952286847831235526
14、582131449576857262433441893039686426243410773226978028073189154411010446823252716201052652272111660396665573092547110557853763466820653109896526918620564769312570586356620185581007293606598764861179104533488503461136576867532494416680396265797877185560845529654126654085306143444318586769751456614068
15、007002378776591344017127494704205622305389945613140711270004078547332699390814546646458807972708266830634328587856983052358089330657574067954571637752542021149557615814002501262285941302164715509792592309907965473761255176567513575178296664547791745011299614890304639947132962107340437518957359614589
16、019389713111790429782856475032031986915140287080859904801094121472213179476477726224142548545403321571853061422881375850430633217518297986622371721591607716692547487389866549494501146540628433663937900397692656721463853067360965712091807638327166416274888800786925602902284721040317211860820419000422
17、966171196377921337575114959501566049631862947265473642523081770367515906735023507283540567040386743513622224771589150495309844489333096340878076932599397805419341447377441842631298608099888687413260472156951623965864573021631598193195167353812974167729478672422924654366800980676928238280689964004824
18、354037014163149658979409243237896907069779422362508221688957383798623001593776471651228935786015881617557829735233446042815126272037343146531977774160319906655418763979293344195215413418994854447345673831624993419131814809277771038638773431772075456545322077709212019051660962804909263601975988281613
19、323166636528619326686336062735676303544776280350450777235547105859548702790814356240145171806246436267945612753181340783303362542327839449753824372058353114771199260638133467768796959703098339130771098704085913374641442822772634659470474587847787201927715280731767907707157213444730605700733492436931
20、138350493163128404251219256517980694113528013147013047816437885185290928545201165839341965621349143415956258658655705526904965209858033850722426482939728584783163057777560688876446248246857926039535277348030480290058760758251047470916439613626760449256274204208320856611906254543372131535958450687724
21、602901618766795240616342522577195429162991930645537799140373404328752628889639958794757291746426357455254079091451357111369410911939325191076020825202618798531887705842972591677813149699009019211697173727847684726860849003377024242916513005005168323364350389517029893922334517220138128069650117844087
22、451960121228599371623130171144484640903890644954440061986907548516026327505298349187407866808818338510228334508504860825039302133219715518430635455007668282949304137765527939751754613953984683393638304746119966538581538420568533862186725233402830871123282789212507712629463229563989898935821167456270
23、102183564622013496715188190973038119800497340723961036854066431939509790190699639552453005450580685501956730229219139339185680344903982059551002263535361920419947455385938102343955449597783779023742161727111723643435439478221818528624085140066604433258885698670543154706965747458550332323342107301545
24、9405165537906866273337995851156257843229882737231989875714159578111963583300594087306812160287649628674460477464915995054973742562690104903778198683593814657412680492564879855614537234786733039046883834363www.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK RWritten by
25、Nora MillerPi DayA Reading AZ Level R Leveled BookWord Count:911www.readinga-Pi DayLevel R Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Nora MillerAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Back cover:Joe Gill/Express-Times/Landov;title page:Mike Vogt/Idaho Press-Tribune/AP Images;page 3:Chitose Suzuki/AP
26、 Images;page 4:iStock/DebbiSmirnoff;page 6:Christies Images/Bridgeman Images;page 7:Michael Sullivan/The News-Review/AP Images;page 8:David Frazier/Corbis;page 10(top):Hubble data:NASA,ESA,and A.Zezas(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics);GALEX data:NASA,JPL-Caltech,GALEX Team,J.Huchra et al.
27、(Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics);Spitzer data:NASA/JPL/Caltech/Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics;page 10(bottom):Xinhua/Landov;page 12:Keystone Pictures USA/Alamy;pages 13,15:ZUMA Press,Inc/Alamy;page 14:Amy Snyder,Exploratorium,www.exploratorium.eduIllustration Credits:Pages
28、5,9,11:John Manders/Learning AZTitle page:On Pi Day,some people compete in a pi-throwing event.Page 3:Some students make themselves into pi on Pi Day.Back cover:Sometimes people get a choice of pies to eat on Pi Day.Written by Nora MillerCorrelationLEVEL RN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA34Tab
29、le of ContentsIntroduction .4What Is Pi?.5A Day to CelebratePi Day!.12How Do People Celebrate Pi Day?.14Glossary .16 IntroductionWhats your favorite kind of pie?Apple?Pumpkin?Lemon cream?If youre a mathematician or someone who uses math in your work,it might be something very different.Pi sounds jus
30、t like pie,but its the name of a special number that allows people around the world to do many interesting things.Pi Day Level R56Math MinuteUse pi(3.14)to find the circumference of a circle.The formula is:circumference=pi diameter.If the diameter of a circle is 2 inches,what is its circumference?Ma
31、th MinuteTo prove pi,take a soup can,a piece of string,and a marker or pen.1 Wrap the string around the outside of the can and cut it so the ends just touch.Then place the end of the string at the edge of the can and stretch it across.2 Mark the diameter where the string touches the other side of th
32、e can.Measure the diameter again,starting at the new mark.Keep doing that until you have three marks noting the diameter.3 You will have a little bit left over after the third diameter mark.Thats pi!What Is Pi?The idea of pi was discovered more than two thousand years ago by a Greek mathematician na
33、med Archimedes(ark-uh-MEE-deez).He was experimenting with shapes and discovered something strange.He measured the length around a circle,called the circumference.Then he measured the distance across the circle from one side to the other through the middle,called the diameter.When he divided the circ
34、umference by the diameter,he got the same number every time.It didnt matter what size the circle was.In 1706,a math teacher in England named William Jones was the first to call this special number pi.It is the name of the Greek letter .Now all mathematicians and teachers use that symbol when they ta
35、lk about pi.William Jones taught math on navy ships and in coffeehouses.Answer:6.28 inches2 inches?Pi Day Level R12378The value of pi is often given as 3.14(three point one four),but that is just an approximate value.The numbers to the right of the decimal point actually go on forever.No matter how
36、you calculate it,there are more digits to find.In fact,computers have calculated pi to at least eight quadrillion digits to the right of the decimal point.If you tried to write down all those numbers of pi,youd use enough paper to go around Earth over a million times!There would still be no end in s
37、ight!What can we do with the number pi?It comes from the shape of a circle and has lots of uses.One use is to figure out the area of a circle.Area is the amount of space inside something that is flat.Landscapers use pi to figure out how much area a lawn sprinkler can cover.That amount tells them how
38、 many sprinklers they need in order to water a lawn evenly.Agricultural sprinklers use long pipes on wheels to irrigate crops evenly.This student wrote out pi to 1,120 places.Pi Day Level R910Wowser!The world record for memorizing pi is held by Chao Lu from China.Chao recited pi from memory to 67,89
39、0 places in November 2006.Marc Umile set a United States record in late 2006 by memorizing 12,887 digits of pi.The next year,he broke his own record by repeating 15,314 digits of pi.Pi can also be used to figure out the volume of something shaped like a ball or a tube.Volume is the amount of space i
40、nside something that is three-dimensional.Farmers use pi to discover the volume of grain that will fit in a silo for storage.That number helps farmers know if they have enough grain to feed their animals.Pi also helps people do other kinds of math and science.Airline pilots use pi to figure out how
41、much fuel they need to carry on their flights.Astronomers use pi to look for planets outside our solar system.They also use pi to determine what the universe looks like.Galaxy Messier 81 was first discovered by Johann Elert Bode in 1774.Chao Lu(left)receives his award for reciting pi.Pi Day Level R1
42、112Do You Know?Albert Einstein was born on March 14,1879Pi Day!Computers often need to generate random,or unpredictable,numbers.But computers can never create truly random numbers on their own.Instead,they use pi to help them come up with numbers that seem random to the user.Whenever you play a comp
43、uter game that is partly based on luck,the computer is probably using pi to“roll the dice.”A Day to CelebratePi Day!Mathematicians and other people around the world celebrate March 14 as Pi Day.They chose March 14 because of the way dates are written in the United States.The number for the month com
44、es first,then the day,then the year.Since March is the third month,we can write March 14 as 3-14,the first three digits of pi!Pi Day Level R1314Some people like to start their celebration of Pi Day at 1:59 pm and 26 seconds.This marks the first eight digits of pi3.1415926!And once in each century,th
45、eres a special Pi Day3-14-15.On that Pi Day,people can get“extra credit”for starting the celebration at 9:26 am and 53 seconds.This time adds two more digits to the celebration string 3.141592653.Whew!In 2009,the U.S.Congress voted to make March 14 National Pi Day.One representative who voted for it
46、 said he hoped students would“discover that they really do like math and they really do like science.”How Do People Celebrate Pi Day?The first Pi Day was celebrated in 1988.An American scientist named Larry Shaw arranged for a huge celebration at the San Francisco Exploratorium.People marched around
47、 a circular room,sang songs,and ate pie.News stories about the celebration spread the idea to schools,museums,and communities.Eventually,Pi Day events were held all over the world.Many people celebrate Pi Day with family and friends.The most popular way to celebrate is by eating pi-themed foods.Many
48、 people make pizzas(round ones,of course)and bake fruit or cream pies.Some people even use a special pie pan shaped like the Greek letter .Those who are willing to go one step further drink pi-neapple juice,too.If all that food is too sweet,there are always dinner foods such as shepherds pie and chi
49、cken potpie.In 1988,Shaw led the parade,followed by people carrying the numbers of pi.In 2010,elementary school students in Florida made a pi chain with 5,904 links.Pi Day Level R1516After all that eating,some people work off their food by walking or running a pi marathon.These runs have distances o
50、f 3.14 miles(5.05 km)or 3.14 kilometers(1.95 mi.).Walking or running in a circle is also an option.Other people celebrate by decorating their rooms or themselves with pi-themed objects.They cut out the shape of and put it on walls and tables.Some people wear T-shirts with on them or-shaped jewelry.M