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1、Module 3 Body Language and Non-Verbal Communication 语言点学习目标重点单词vary, spread, spread, live, involve, read, request, favour, serve, deal重点短语more than, give away, on guard, hold up重点句型what引导主、宾、表语从句不定式作定语的三种状况省略回答学问讲解重点单词vary【原句回放】We see examples of unconscious body language very often, yet there is al
2、so “leamecT body language, which varies from culture to culture.我们经常看到无意识的身势语， 但也有“习得的”身势语。习得的身势语在不同的文化中各不相同。【点拨】vary vi.不同；变更；变更；vt.变更；使变更常用搭配有：vary in在方面不同；vary with随着而变更；vary from不同于;vary from . to .由到状况不等;vary between . and .由到状况不等。Peoples reactions to the drug vary widely.人们对药品的反应差异很大。The sampl
3、es varied in quality but were generally acceptable.样品质量不等，但总体来说还能接受。The colours of tree leaves vary with the season.树叶的颜色随着季节的变更而变更。Ticket prices vary from one airline to another.机票的价格在不同的航空公司之间有差别。The doctor tries to vary the patienfs diet.医生试图调整病人的饮食。【拓展】variable (likely to change often) 力.可变的;变更无
4、常的various (several different types of something) adj.各种各样的；不同的varied (many different kinds of things or people) adj.不同的，各种各样的variety n.多样化，种类variation n.变更spread原句回放】One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread. 说完后 这个人举起手，手掌向外，五指张开。【点拨】spread (spread, spread) vt.铺开；绽开；伸开
5、；阮伸展，延长；传播，传开；扩 散，传染；,传播He spread a mat on the floor.他在地板上铺上了一张席子。The city has spread quickly.这城市扩展得很快。A wide stretch of land spread in front of us.呈现在我们面前的是一片广袤的土地。The news quickly spread abroad.消息快速传到国外。The fire spread quickly through the forest.大火快速在整个林区扩散。【拓展】spread out张开；伸开；铺开。He spread out his
6、 hands and found the coin had been gone.他伸开手发觉硬币不见了。live【原句回放】 We clap at the end of a live performance, such as a play, or a concert, to say “thank you,9 to the performers.我们在戏剧、音乐会等现场表演结束时拍手鼓掌，表示对表演者的感 谢。【点拨】live，力 活的，有生命的；实况播送的，现场直播的；adv.现场直播地，以实况转 播；艮住，居住；以为生You wont see live animals in a museum
7、.在博物馆，你是看不到动物的。Some television and radio programs are live.一些电视和广播节目是现场直播的。This show is going out live.这场演出正在进行实况转播。【拓展】alive adj.活的，有生命的（常作表语或后置定语）；living 念 活的，健在的（常 作表语或前置定语）；lively 血 活泼的，生动的，有活力的（常作前置定语或表语）live与living作形容词时,意为“活的,有生命的”易于混淆;living多修饰“人”，live多修饰 “动物或植物”；但“生物”表达为“living things”。Young
8、 children are usually lively.小孩子们通常是活泼的。He told a very lively story.他讲了一个生动的故事。The living are more important to us than the dead.活着的人对我们来说比死去的人更重要。The enemy officer was caught alive.那位敌方军官被活捉了。involve【原句回放】Greetings in Asian countries do not involve touching the other person. 亚洲人打 招呼是不接触他人身体的【点拨】inv
9、olve vt,包含,须要；把卷入,使参与,牵涉。involve表示“包含，须要”，后面加动词时要用动名词形式。involve sb. in （doing） sth.把某人牵涉到（做）某事中去The job involved my living in London.工作须要我住在伦敦.Dont involve me in your quarrel!不要把我牵扯进你们的争吵中！There was a serious incident involving a group of youths/with a group of youths involved.有一起严峻的事务涉及一群年轻人。【拓展】in
10、volved adj.参与的；关注的；关系密切的get involved in. 被卷入, 参与be/involved （with sb.）（与某人）有关系的read【原句回放】Look at your friends and family and see if you are a mind reader.看看你的挚友和 家人，你能洞悉他们的心思吗？【点拨】a mind reader能猜出别人心思的人My teacher is good mind reader.我老师是个很会揣测别人心思的人。【拓展】read也阅读；朗读（常与aloud, out, off连用）；识字；看懂；写着；写成是；揣
11、测；揣摩；Reading aloud is sometimes easy for us to remember something.大声朗读有时有助于我们记忆。I can read French but I cant speak it.我能看懂法文，但不会说。The sign readsNo admittance”.告示牌上写着“禁止入内I dont really read his thoughts at present.目前我真的猜不透他的想法。read on接着读read sth. out （尤指别人）大声读；朗读read up研读read sth. over/through细致通读；细致
12、核对read between the lines领悟隐含的意义；看出言外之意request原句回放】Mr and Mrs Harry Blunkett request the pleasure of your company at the wedding of. 布伦基特夫妇诚邀您光临的婚礼。【点拨】request n.要求，请求；请求之事；（慎重或正式）请求；要求；请求；邀请She made a request for some water.她请求给点水。We shall give your request our careful consideration.我们将细致考虑你的要求。Your
13、 presence is immediately requested.敬请光临。on/upon request 一经要求as requested依照请求in great request（ = much in request）人们特殊须要；大众特殊宠爱make（a）request for 请求； 要求request sth. from sb.向某人要求某物Gentlemen are requested not to smoke.先生们请勿吸烟。【拓展】 辨析 require, demand, request, ask, orderrequire表示“要求”，含有“要求履行”的意思，表示依据权利要
14、求对方做到某事。The situation requires that we should be calm.形势要求我们保持冷静。demand表示“权威性地和断然地向对方提出要求”，它和require相比较，具有更加主动和更 加强硬的口气。当它的主语是物时，意为“必需具备工I demand that you leave here.我要求你离开这里。This work demands care and patience.这项工作须要细致和耐性。request表示“通过正式手续或者特殊有礼貌地请求对方做某事。request是一种书面语，平 常在口语中，尤其是在家庭成员和密切挚友之间常用ask代替。
15、All that I request of you is that you should be early.我所要求的只是你应当早些来。ask表示“要求，请求”，是最常用的词。I ask him to come with me.我请他和我一起来。order表示“叮嘱、是上级要求下级办到的事情，具有强制性。The officer ordered that the work （should） be started after dark.军官下令天黑起先工作。favour【原句回放】Can I ask you a favour?我能请你帮个忙吗？【点拨】favourn.善行，恩惠；赞同，支持；宠爱；
16、偏袒；vt.支持；宠爱；偏袒ask sb. a favor/ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙do sb. a favour帮某人个忙in ones favour对某人有利in favour of sb. /sth.赞成/支持某人/某事win sb/s favour获得某人的好感Do me a favour and turn the radio down while Fm on the phone, will you?劳驾，我在打电话，把收音机的声音调小点儿好吗？Fm all in favour of equal pay for equal work.我完全支持同工同酬。The
17、decision went in his favour.这一确定对他有利。【拓展】favourable adj.赞成的；确定的，令人兴奋的favourite adj.最宠爱的；儿最宠爱的人或物You made a favourable impression on the examiners.你给主考官留下了很好的印象。serve【原句回放】If you have a meal, dont start eating before everyone else is served.假如你在吃 饭，在别人的饭菜未端上来之前不要起先吃。【点拨】serve vt. & vi.（为）服务；任（职）；供应；端
18、上；vt.款待；（为） 工作；对有用；向供应；vi.适合；服役；供职；（网球、羽毛球）发球 They wouldnt serve me in any pubs because I looked too young.这些酒吧都不让我进，因为我看上去太小了。Air hostesses all smile when they serve the passengers.空姐们为乘客服务时总是满脸笑容。The company will serve a meal at noon to all staff workers.该公司将为全部职员供应午餐。Make the past serve the prese
19、nt and foreign things serve China.古为今用，洋为中用。He volunteered to serve as the manager of our department store.他自荐当我们商场的经理。Roast pork is not served in our restaurant.我们餐馆不卖烤猪肉。deal【原句回放】A deal is a business agreement. 一笔交易就是业务上达成一样。【点拨】deal v. & n.交易；n.大量a great/good deal大量；许多（一般修饰动词或比较级）a great/good de
20、al of大量的（修饰不行数名词）Ifs a deal!就这么办吧！Today I feel a great deal better.今日我感觉好多了。一I can only pay you $500 for the car.一OK, its a deal.“这个车我只能付你500美元。好好，成交。”He had a deal of work to do.他有许多工作要做。It is best to deal directly with foreign suppliers.最好和外国供应商干脆进行交易。Deal with a man as he deals with you.以其人之道，还治其
21、人之身。Some businessmen are hard to deal with.有些商人很难打交道。【拓展】make a deal达成协议；做成交易The boss is trying to make a deal with this company.这位老板正设法和这家公司达成一项协议。deal with处理；应付，和某人打交道；涉及deal in卖某物，经营某物deal out分发；支配重点短语more than【原句回放】Although these are very important, we communicate with more than just spoken and
22、written words.尽管这些很重要，但我们并不只是通过口头和书面语言沟通。【点拨】more than不只是；很；超过more than十数词 超过； 以上more than +形容词 特殊，很more than +动词 特殊,多It is more than a museum; its a school.它不仅是一家博物馆，还是一家学校。The pain was almost more than he could bear.这种苦痛几乎使他无法忍受。The investment is little more than a punt.这项投资无异于一场赌博。【拓展】no more tha
23、n adv.只是；至多；只不过；无非Death is no more than passing from one room into another.死亡只不过是从一个房间进入另一个房间。give away原句回放】People give away much more by their gestures than by their words. 人彳门通过姿态 表达的意思要比通过话语表达得更多。【点拨】give away捐赠，分送；泄露（隐私）；颁发，分发He gave away most of his fortune to the poor.他把自己的大部分钱财送给了穷人。I was afr
24、aid the boy would give the whole thing away.生怕这个男孩会把整件事说出去。The headmaster will give away the prizes at the school speech day.校长将在毕业典礼上颁发奖品。Dont give away my secret.不要泄露我的隐私。In any way, you never give away the good chance.无论如何，你不要丢失了好机会。on guard【原句回放】Like other animals, we are on guard until we know
25、it is safe to relax. 跟其他动物 一样，我们会保持警觉，直到知道平安的时候才放松。【点拨】on guard警觉Two soldiers must be on guard all night.必需有两个士兵彻夜站岗。Be on guard against those who are jealous of your success.要提防那些嫉妒你的成功的人。【拓展】on+名词构成的词组，此处。n表示处于某种状态或某个方位。on board 乘（船,飞机），on call 听候呼喊,on duty 值班,on fire 着火,on foot 步行,on guard 在岗，on
26、holiday 度假，on leave 休假，on sale 待售，onshore 在岸上，on time 准时，on the move 在进行中，on the other hand 另一方面，on the spot 当场，on the tip of ones tongue 快 要说出口，on top of在的顶部，on watch值班hold up原句回放】One person then holds up his hand, palm outwards and five fingers spread. 说完J后 这个人举起手，手掌向外，五指张开。【点拨】hold up举起；支撑；提出（做榜样
27、）；抢劫；（delay）延误 Her legs wouldnt hold her up.她双腿都站不住了。Continuing violence could hold up progress towards reform.持续的暴力活动可能会阻延改革的进程。He had always been held up as an example to the younger ones.他总是被树为弟妹学习的榜样。【拓展】holdback迟疑不决；阻挡；抑制；退缩hold on （to）坚持；保持（不卖掉）get/take/catch hold of 抓住重点句型what引导主、宾、表语从句原句回放】I
28、ndeed, body positions are part of what we calFbody language.事实上，身体姿 态就是我们称为“身势语”的一部分。【点拨】what在这里是代词，有双重作用，既引导宾语从句又在宾语从句中作call的宾语, 与body language 一起构成复合宾语。what用作连接代词，此时,what表示“所的（事）或所的（人）”,相当于the thing（s）that.; all that.; everything that.; the person that.”等，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句（不行 引导同位语从句）；它本身在从句中充当主语、
29、宾语或表语。Leave it with me and Fil see what I can do.把它留给我，我看看该怎么办。（what引导宾语从句，并作do的宾语）What he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.他在会上说的话使在座的每个人都很惊异。（what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语）What is the most important in life isnt money.生活中最重要的不是钱。（what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语）He is not what he used to be.他已不是从前的他了。（wh
30、at引导表语从句，并在从句中作表语）不定式作定语的三种状况【原句回放】and one last thing to remember.还有最终一件要记住的事【点拨】to remember是动词不定式作定语，修饰one last thing0He is always the first to come and last to leave.他总是第一个来最终一个走。不定式作定语有三种状况：1 .不定式与被修饰的词之间具有逻辑上的动宾关系。I have several letters to answer today.今日有几封信要回。（to answer和letter是动宾关系）Here is a p
31、atient for you to look after.这儿有个病人须要你照看。2 .不定式与被修饰的词之间具有逻辑上的主谓关系。You must find a person to help you in the field.你必需找个人帮你干地里的活。（a person和to help you是逻辑上的主谓关系）3 .不定式与被修饰的词之间不具有逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系。There is no need to worry about her.没有必要担忧他。省略回答【原句回放】Why do wc clap? To show wc like something, of course.我们为
32、什么要鼓掌？当 然是为了表明我们宠爱某事物。【点拨】本句运用了一个省略回答，补充完整为：We clap to show we like something, of course. 这常为一个命题点，有时不仅仅局限在不定式上，有可能还会有其他的动词形式，但是解题 方法基本相同，即用还原法把它补充完整。Why did you go there without my permission yesterday?昨天你为什么没有经过我的允许就去那儿?一To see my mother.为的是探望我母亲。一What made Mary so happy?什么使玛丽如此兴奋？Making great progress in the exam.（她在）考试中取得了很大的进步。