2024年高考英语语法复习:非谓语动词做宾语、宾补、主语、表语 讲义.docx

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1、2024年高考英语语法复习:非谓语动词做宾语、宾补.主语、表语讲义非谓语作宾语一:动词不定式作动词manage, decide等动词的宾语 及stop, remember等“两栖类”动词的宾语。1 .Although parents seem(give)good advice to their sons and daughters, their kids have marked them poorly on being good role models when it comes to dealing with lifes difficulties.l.to be giving考查非谓语动词。

2、句意:尽管父母好像 正在给他们的儿子和女儿提出好的建议,但是当谈及解决 生活中的困难的时候,孩子对父母在行为榜样方面的评价 很低。seem to do固定搭配,意为“似乎做某事,parents 和动词give之间是主动关系,且此处表示正在给建议,应 用不定式的进行式to be doing,故填to be givingo2 .A red light is a warning to drivers and staff that another train is dangerously close and that adjustments need (make).3 .to be made考查非谓语

3、动词。句意:红灯是对司机和 工作人员的一个警告,告诉他们另一列火车已经危险接近,24 .translating考查动名词。句意:露西很和蔼,乐于 助人,因为她作为一名志愿者花了很多时间把书翻译成英 语。devote.to doing意为“为做某事贡献了”,为固 定搭配,此处是用动名词作宾语。故填translating。25 .The scenery takes our breath away, and as far as Im concerned, Jiuzhaigou Valley is worthy of(visit).26 .being visited考查动名词的被动式。句意:九寨沟 的

4、风景让我们无法自拔,就我而言,九寨沟是值得一游的。 作介词of的宾语应用动名词形式,且动词visit和主语 Jiuzhaigou Valley之间是被动关系,应用动名词的被动式。 故填 being visited 0非谓语作宾补一:动词不定式作 encourage, enable, warn 等动词的宾 语补足语或主语补足语。1. I suppose I can get a good mark which will enable me (enter) my ideal college.2. to enter考查非谓语动词。句意:我想我能取得一个 好成绩,这将使我能够进入我理想的大学。enabl

5、e sb. to do 为固定短语,意为“使某人做某事”,空格处应用不定式作 宾语补足语。故填to enter。3. It is impolite to urge other people(drink) in the West.4. to drink考查非谓语动词。句意:在西方,劝酒是 不礼貌的。此处为短语urge sb. to do sth.表示“催促某人做 某事”。故填to drink。5. The plan is designed to motivate more people (take) actions to protect the environment.6. to take考查不

6、定式。句意:这个计划是为了激励更 多人采取行动来保护环境。此处考查固定短语motivate somebody to do something “激励某人做某事”,不定式作宾 语。故填to take。7. He is said(write) a new book about migrant workers, which is well received among readers.8. to have written考查不定式。句意:据说他写了一本 关于农民工的新书,深受读者欢迎。分析句子可知,此处 为固定句型“据说某人.”应用sb be said to do/to be doing/to ha

7、ve done的结构,由句意可知此处表示动作已经 完成,应用不定式的完成时。故填to have written。9. Students are encouraged(develop) critical thinking instead of accepting opinions without questioning them.5. to develop考查动词不定式。句意:要鼓励学生培 养批判性思维,而非不加质疑地接受各种观点。encourage sb. to do sth.意为“鼓励某人做某事,encourage变为被动 后不影响动词不定式,故填to developo6. Large fa

8、ctories were being built and people were made(work) long hours.7. to work考查非谓语动词。句意:当时正在兴建大型 工厂,人们被迫长时间工作。短语sb. be made to do sth. 表示“某人被迫做某事。故填to work。二:现在分词作keep, seen, catch等动词的宾语补足语 或主语补足语表示与宾语之间的主动行为。8. The question kept me(wonder) for the rest of the night.9. wondering考查非谓语动词。句意:这个问题让我整 晚都在想。k

9、eep sb doing sth “使某人一直做某事”是固定 句型,且和逻辑主语me是主动关系,故现在分词作宾语 补足语。故填wondering。10. When she looked around, she noticed a man (put) his hand into a passenger? s pocket. She rushed to stop it in time.8. putting考查非谓语动词。句意:当她环顾四周时, 她注意到一个男人正把手伸进一位乘客的口袋里。她冲过 去及时制止了它。分析句子,句中notice sb doing为固定 短语,意为“看到某人做某事”,此处使

10、用现在分词宾补结 构。故填putting。9. Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang(run) away from the scene.9. running考查现在分词。句意:突然,他看到自己的 朋友李昌正从现场跑开。see sb. doing sth. “看见某人正在 做某事”,且逻辑主语Li Chang和run之间是主动关系,故 用现在分词表主动和进行。故填running。10. I found Janet (sit) on a bench in the backyard alone, watching the bright moon.10. sittin

11、g考查非谓语动词。句意:我发现珍妮特一个 人坐在后院的长椅上,看着明亮的月亮。find sb doing sth 是固定句型,现在分词作宾语补足语,和宾语之间是主动 进行的关系。故填sitting。11 . The boy was caught (cheat) in the examination last week.11. cheating考查非谓语动词。句意:这个男孩上周考 试作弊被抓住了。catch sb. doing sth.固定搭配,意为“抓 住某人正在做某事”,此处是被动语态,sb. be caught doing sth.意为“某人被抓住正在做某事”,所以应用现在分词作 主语补足

12、语。故填cheating。三:过去分词作keep, seen, find等动词的宾语补足语 或主语补足语表示与宾语之间的被动关系。12. The monitor likes to keep the tables and stools (polish)and everything arranged in perfect order.13. polished考查过去分词。句意:班长喜欢把桌凳擦 得亮亮的,一切都安排得井井有条。此处为“keep sth. done 结构,表示“使某事被做”,polish与the tables and stools 之间为被动关系。故用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填 po

13、lishedo14. After the ambulance arrived, they instantly had the injured(send) to the hospital.13.sent考查非谓语动词。句意:救护车到达后,他们 立即把伤者送往医院。句子分析可知,设空处为非谓语动 词,动词send与其逻辑主语the injured之间为动宾关系, 设空处填过去分词表被动。故填sent。15. With more importance (attach) to traditional culture these years, hanfu has become increasingly

14、popular.16. attached考查非谓语动词。句意:近年来,随着人们对传统文化的重视,汉服越来越受欢迎。介词with后名 词more importance与attach之间为被动关系,所以用过去 分词作宾语补足语。根据句意,故填attached。17. . The foreigner tried to make himself (understand), but failed.18. understood考查过去分词。句意:那个外国人试图 让别人听懂他的话,但没有成功。句子的主语为tried。设 空处应用非谓语动词,understand与逻辑主语himself之间 为动宾关系,应用过

15、去分词,作宾补。故填understood。19. With all the problems(solve), they went home happily.20. solved考查过去分词。句意:所有问题都解决了, 他们高高兴兴地回家了。本句中 With all the problems(solve)为“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构, 其中宾语all the problems与动词solve之间为被动关系, 故本空应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填soh/ed。21. When Snow White came to herself, she found herself(surround) by

16、 seven dwarfs.U.suirounded考查过去分词。句意:当白雪公主醒过 来的时候,她发现自己被七个小矮人围着。空处应填非谓 语动词,由空前的she found herself可知空处在句中作宾语 补足语,herself与动词surround之间为被动关系,应用过 去分词表被动,作宾语补足语。故填surrounded。22. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother(take) good care of at home.18.taken考查非

17、谓语动词。句意:从非洲两年的医疗 服务回来后,李医生很高兴看到他的母亲在家里得到了很 好的照顾。分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作宾语补足语, 应使用非谓语动词形式,因与其逻辑主语his mother之间 为逻辑上的动宾关系,应使用过去分词形式,故填taken。四:用于“with +宾语+宾语补足语”结构或“宾语+ 宾语补足语”构成的独立主格结构。上述结构中to do表示 “将要发生”,-ing强调主动含义,-ed强调被动含义。19. With new technologies (apply) to the production process, the output has increased

18、by 40%.23. applied考查过去分词。句意:随着新技术应用于 生产过程,产量增加了 40%o在with的复合结构中, technologies与apply之间存在被动关系,应使用过去分词 作宾语补足语,故填applied。23.1 send you 100 dollars today, the rest (follow) in a year.24. to follow考查独立主格。句意:我今天给你100美 元,其余的一年后再给你。本句是独立主格结构,由句意 可知,follow(跟着)和the rest是主动关系,且由in a year 可知,follow这一动作还未发生,应用不定式

19、。故填to followo25. The party will be held in the garden, weather (permit).21. permitting考查独立主格结构。句意:如果天气允 许,聚会将在花园里举行。此处考查独立主格结构,permit 与逻辑主语weather之间为主谓关系,应用现在分词, weather permitting意为“如果天气好”,作条件状语。故 填 permittingo22. The guide (lead) the way, we had no trouble getting out of the forest.23. leading考查独立

20、主格。句意:有向导带路,我们 毫不费力地走出了森林。分析句子结构,该句中有一个谓 语动词had,没有连词,所以此处应为非谓语动词,其前 有名词the guide,所以此处应为独立主格结构,lead与其 前面的名词the guide之间为主动关系,所以使用现在分词 形式。故填leadingo24. So many problems(remain) to be settled, T m in a tight corner.23. remaining考查非谓语动词。句意:有这么多问题 有待解决,我处境艰难。分析句子结构和意思可知,动词 remain是被修饰的名词problems主动发出的动作,所以用

21、 现在分词形式,构成独立主格结构。故填remaining。24. There(be)no further business to discuss, we all went home.25. being考查非谓语动词。句意:没有别的事要讨论, 我们都回家了。分析句子可知,空处前后两分句无连词, 且逗号前部分有自己的主语,此处考查独立主格结构,故 空处应用现在分词作状语,故应填being。故填being。26. All things (take) into account, your article is of greater value than his.27. taken考查独立主格结构。句意

22、:综合考虑,你的 文章比他的文章更有价值。分析句子结构可知,All things 和your article是不同的两个逻辑主语,且your article is of greater value than his 是完整的句子,所以 All things (take) into account是独立主格结构,充当该句的原因状语,things 和take into account是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以此次take 应用过去分词表被动。故填taken。非谓语作主语、表语:不定式或动名词作句首主语或形式主语。1.(attend) training classes means costing th

23、em much money.1. Attending考查非谓语动词。句意:参加培训班意味 着要花他们很多钱。此处作主语,应用动名词形式。故填 Attendingo2. I find(paint) with water colour a lot easier than with oil.3. painting考查非谓语动词。句意:我发现用水彩画比 用油画容易得多。根据句意,作find的宾语,应用动名词 painting, 故填 paintingo4. (adapt) to school life quickly is important for freshmen, which will infl

24、uence their performance.3.Adapting考查非谓语动词。句意:快速适应学校生 活对新生来说很重要,这将影响他们的表现。作主语,应 用名词形式,句首单词首字母要大写。故填Adapting。4. A small town in England is teaching the world that it is important(grow) your own food.5. to grow考查固定句型。句意:英国的一个小镇正在 告诉全世界,种植自己的食物很重要。分析句子可知,此 处为固定句型忆5+形容词+9(10,表示“做某事是怎样的”, 需要进行调整。needtodo固

25、定搭配,意为“需要做”,此 处adjustments和动词make是被动关系,需要用不定式的 被动,故填to be made。3.Zhang Yugun managed (help) children in poor areas to realize their dream of going to university, so not a single child in his village dropped out of school because of poverty.3.to help考查非谓语动词。句意:张玉滚设法帮助贫 困地区的孩子实现了上大学的梦想,所以他的村里没有一 个孩子因为

26、贫困而辍学。固定搭配manage to do sth意为 “设法做成某事”,设空处应填动词help的不定式,作 manage的宾语。故填to help。4.He still defends the countrys restrictive politics that aim(limit) alcohol abuse or under-age drinking.4.to limit考查非谓语动词。他仍然为该国旨在限制酗 酒和未成年人饮酒的限制性政策辩护。aim to do意为“计 划”,不定式作宾语。故填to limit。5.Listening to his lecture, I fell de

27、eply in love with science and have made up my mind(devote) my life to science in the future.5.to devote考查非谓语动词。句意:听了他的讲座,其中it作形式主语,动词不定式to do作真正的主语。故 填 to growo5. It is their responsibility (ensure) that the rules are enforced.6. to ensure考查非谓语动词。句意:他们有责任确保 制度的执行。本句中It是形式主语,空处应填动词不定式, 作真正的主语。故填to en

28、sure。7. It is very kind of you(give) me a hand in time.6.to give考查不定式。句意:你及时帮了我一把,真 是太好了。It形式主语,give用不定式形式作真正主语。 故填 to give08. It takes me a long time(finish) to project so that I feel too tired to walk any further.9. to finish考查动词不定式。句意:我花了很长时间才 完成这个项目,以至于我累得走不动了。“it takes sb some time to do sth”为固

29、定句型,意为“花费某人多长时间去 做某事”,it是形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语,故填 to finisho10. It is worthwhile(sum) up the experience and characteristics of Macao in faithfully implementing “one country, two systems.8. to sum/summing考查非谓语动词。句意:总结澳门 忠实贯彻“一国两制”的经验和特点是值得的。It is worthwhile to do/doing sth.做某事是值得的。根据句意,故 填 to sum/summingo

30、9. . It is crucial (step) up international cooperation to minimize the COVID-19s impact on economic growth.10. o st即考查非谓语动词。句意:加强国际合作,减 少新冠肺炎疫情对经济增长的影响是至关重要的。分析句 子可知,此处用了 It is adj. to do sth.的固定句型,It作形式 主语,真正的主语是动词不定式,空处应用to step。故填 to stepo11. . The poster warns people that it s illegal (hunt) end

31、angered animals in the reserve. lO.to hunt考查非谓语动词。句意:海报警告人们在保护区捕猎 濒危动物是非法的。It is +形容词+ to do sth.做某事,it作形 式主语,真正的主语为不定式。根据句意,故填to hunt。12. It s possible(give) without loving, but it is not possible to love without giving.ll.to give考查非谓语。句意:可以付出而不爱,但不可能只爱而不付出。分析句子可知,空处是固定句型it is possible to do sth. “

32、有可能做”,it在句中作形式主语,不定式作真正的主语。故填to give。二:不定式或动名词作表语,起解释说明作用。12. The purpose of the activity is(raise) people, s awareness of environmental protection.13. to raise考查非谓语动词。句意:这个活动的目的 是提高人们的环保意识。动词不定式在此处作表语,说明 主语purpose的具体内容。故填to raise。14. An important step for developing countries towards developed ones

33、 is(wipe) out poverty.15. to wipe考查非谓语动词。句意:发展中国家走向 发达国家的一个重要步骤是消除贫困。根据句意可知,消 除贫困这一动作还未发生,所以此处应用不定式作表语说 明主语的内容,故填to wipe。16. Alone in his room, he asked himself whether he was (blame).17. to blame考查不定式。句意:他独自一人在房间里, 问自己是否应该受到谴责。固定搭配be to blame (应受谴 责)符合句意。故填to blame。18. Instead, the aim is(permit) u

34、s to make informed choices as to how we use our time.15. to permit考查非谓语动词。句意:相反,其目的是 让我们在如何利用时间方面做出明智的选择。此处作表语, 表目的和将来的动作,应用动词不定式。故填to permit。16. All that I did all morning was(prepare) the meal.17. to prepare考查非谓语动词。句意:整个上午我所 做的一切就是准备饭菜。分析句子,句中was为谓语动词, 设空处为非谓语动词。表示具体的事应使用不定式作表语。 prepare为动词,意为“准备故填

35、to prepare。18. She told us that her only wish here was (get) information about her old friends.17. to get考查非谓语动词。句意:她告诉我们,她在 这里唯一的愿望就是得到她老朋友的消息、。分析句子结构 可知,此处为非谓语动词作表语,结合句意,此处表示“她 唯一的愿望”,所以表语部分的动作还未发生,应使用不定 式形式表将来,且表主动意义。故填to get。18. The purpose of this activity is(encourage) the students to speak En

36、glish.19. to encourage考查动词不定式。句意:这个活动的 目的是鼓励学生说英语。分析可知,“(encourage) the students to speak English v为表语,用动词不定式来表 示目的。故填to encourage。20. The boy s hobby is(collect) all the old newspapers.21. collecting考查动名词作宾语。句意:这个男孩的爱 好就是收集所有的旧报纸。分析句子结构和意思可知,这 里需要动词的动名词形式,作表语,对主语内容的进一步 说明和解释。故填collecting。22. Vehicl

37、es go faster than ever, but they remain (trap) in traffic jams.2O.trapped考查非谓语动词。句意:车辆的速度比以 往任何时候都快,但它们仍然困在交通堵塞中。分析句子 可知,空处作remain的表语,they (Vehicles)和trap之 间为被动关系,应用trap的过去分词形式trapped,构成 remain trapped,表示“仍然被困”。故填 trapped。三:非谓语用于特定结构或句型。21. We couldnt help wondering how long it would take (get) ther

38、e.23. to get考查非谓语动词。句意:我们不禁想知道要 花多长时间才能到那里。分析句子可知,句中涉及固定句 型型takes/took sb.一段时间+to do sth,意为“花费(某人) 一段时间做某事”,句中it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面 的不定式短语,get意为“到达”,动词词性,不定式to后 接动词原形。故填to get。1 2.1 didn? t know how to deal with the problem, so I had no alternative but(turn) to you for help.22 .toturn考查非谓语动词。句意:我不知道如何处理

39、这个问题,所以我别无选择,只能向你寻求帮助have no alternative but to do为固定短语,含义为:别无选择,只 能,故填to turn。23 . Peter had no choice but(accept) the fact that he had been rejected by the football team.24 . to accept考查非谓语动词。句意:彼得别无选择, 只能接受他被足球队拒绝的事实。固定短语have no choice but to do sth.表示“除做某事之外别无选择故填to accept o14. It remains(see)wh

40、ether he will be fit enough to play in the finals.25 . to be seen考查非谓语动词。句意:他是否足够健 康能够参加决赛还有待观察。it是形式主语,真正的主语 是whether引导的从句,remain to do固定搭配,意为“仍 然做”,且主语 whether he will be fit enough to play in the finals和动词see是被动关系,应用不定式的被动语态,故填 to be seeno26 . There is no need(tell) him the news so soon.27 . to t

41、ell考查非谓语动词。句意:没有必要这么快就 把消息告诉他。此处为固定句型there is no need to do sth. 表示“没有必要做某事。故填totell。我深深地爱上了科学并决心在未来献身于科学。make up one s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”。故填to devotee28 Last week, a new brand of chocolate was launched, which claimed(trick)your brain into believing you aren/t hungry.29 to trick考查动词不定式。句意:上周

42、,一种新品牌 的巧克力上市了,它声称它可以欺骗你的大脑,让你相信 你不饿。claim to do sth.意为“声称做某事”为固定用法, 故此处应用动词不定式作宾语,故填to trick。30 Not that way/ my mom tried(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didnt turn out as I had wished.31 to stop考查不定式。句意:“不是那样的,我妈妈 试图阻止我,但失败了。她是对的。结果并不如我所愿。 由“but failed可知,句子表示“我妈妈试图阻止我,但 失败了”,“试图做某事”是固定短语tr

43、y to do,因此空格 处是不定式to stop,故填to Stopo32 If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night/s sleep, we find it harder the next day (concentrate) and learn new information.33 to concentrate考查非谓语动词。句意:如果托诺尼 的理论是正确的,它将解释为什么当我们一夜没睡好,第 二天就很难集中精力学习新信息。分析句子,find it+形容 词to do为固定句型,该结构中it形

44、式宾语,真正的宾语 是不定式短语。故填to concentrate。34 He isnt a man who knows to deal withpeople properly, but he does know to do withall kinds of papers in front of him.35 how, what考查疑问词。句意:他不是一个善于跟人 打交道的人,但是处理他面前各种各样的文件很拿手。deal with和do with均可表示“处理”,但deal with常与how 连用,do with常与what连用。故填how;what。36 .That approach br

45、ought Cobbs air travel last year down by 75%, and she plans(continue) the practice. “It has been fairly rewarding/ she says, “a really positive change/37 .to continue考查非谓语动词。句意:这种方法使去 年柯布的航空旅行减少了 75%,她计划继续这种做法。“这 是相当有益的。”她说:“一个真正积极的变化。”根据动词 短语“plan to do sth.”意为“计划做某事,主语she与 continue是主动关系。可知,此处需要使用不

46、定式的主动 式,故填 to continue。38 .1 then made it a point (attend) those meetings and learn all I could.39 .to attend考查非谓语动词。句意:然后,我决定参 加这些会议,尽我所能学习。make+it+n+to do为固定用法, it为形式宾语,动词不定式为真正的宾语。故填to attendo40 .At one point, someone offered(trade) me an alcoholic beverage (饮料)and a golden feathered headdress fo

47、r my camera.41 .to trade考查非谓语动词。句意:有一次,有人提 出用一杯酒精饮料和一个金色羽毛头饰换我的相机。offer tod。sth.是固定句式,意为“主动提出做某事”,其中,不 定式作offer的宾语。故填to tradeo42 .In fact, anyone wishing(try) race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to lean proper technique, she says.(所给词的适当形式填空)43 .to try考查动词不定式。句意:她

48、说,事实上,任 何希望尝试竞走的人可能应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞 走者,学习适当的技能。短语wish to do sth.表示“希望 做某事”,不定式作宾语,符合句意,故填to try。二:动名词作 appreciate, postpone 等动词以及 get down to, look forward to等含介词to短语的宾语等。1 4.1 spend hours every day (edit) my selfies, posting them and eagerly checking my phone a hundred times for comments.14 .editing考查非谓语动词。句意:我每天花几个小时 编辑我的自拍,发布它们,并急切地查看手机一百次去看 评论。spend time (in) doing sth.为固定短语,表示“花费时 间做某事”,短语中的介词in可以省略,所以空处应用动 名词形式作宾语。故填editing。15 .An athlete addicted to(climb) rocks built a climbing wall in his living room when he was forced to remain indoors by a

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