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1、www.readinga-A Visit to Kitt PeakA Visit to Kitt PeakA Reading AZ Level Q Leveled BookWord Count:1,088Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Sherry SterlingLEVELED BOOK QWritten by Sherry SterlingA Visit to Kitt PeakLevel Q Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Sherry Sterl
2、ingIllustrated by Craig FrederickAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover,back cover,pages 3,5(top),7,8,9,10,12,13(top):courtesy of NOAO/AURA/NSF;title page:courtesy of Adam Block/NOAO/AURA/NSF;pages 5(center),5(bottom):courtesy of Bill Schoening,J.C.Golson,Mark Hanna and NOAO/AURA
3、/NSF;page 11:Courtesy of Mark Westmoquette(University College London),Jay Gallagher(University of Wisconsin-Madison),Linda Smith(University College London),WIYN/NSF,NASA/ESA;page 13(bottom):iS Holman;page 15:courtesy of N.A.Sharp/NOAO/AURA/NSFFront cover:This photograph taken from a helicopter shows
4、 many of the telescope buildings that sit atop Kitt Peak.Back cover:The Suns light is reflected by three mirrors in the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope.Here you see the third mirror reflecting the light downward into the main observing room.Title page:A visitor to Kitt Peak National Observatory peers
5、through the 16-inch Telescope used during tours of the site.www.readinga-CorrelationLEVEL QN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAA Visit to Kitt Peak34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4Solar Telescope .6Star Telescopes.10Star Searching from Home.14Conclusion .15Glossary/Index .16IntroductionHi,Im Sher
6、ry,and Im an amateur astronomer,which means that just for fun I like to learn about faraway stars and planets and other mysterious things in space.I recently toured Kitt Peak National Observatory.It sits high atop a 6,875-foot tall mountain outside of Tucson,Arizona.The land the observatory is built
7、 on belongs to a Native American tribe.I heard the tribe wasnt going to let astronomers build on its sacred mountain,but the tribe changed its mind after looking through a telescope!They started saying the astronomers had“long eyes,”since they could see so far with their telescopes.That made me laug
8、h.I pictured people looking up at the stars with eyes longer than their arms!But it made a lot of sense because a telescope does make it seem as though your eye can reach the stars.Mayall 4-meter TelescopeMcMath-Pierce Solar TelescopePicnic GroundsAdministration BuildingParking LotVisitors Center2.1
9、-meter TelescopeDorm RoomsTucsonNMayall 4-m TelescopeVacuum TelescopeMcMath-Pierce Solar TelescopeVisitors CenterWIYN 3.5-m TelescopeCoud Feed2.1-m Telescope0.9-m TelescopeRazdow 0.1-m TelescopeA Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q34Table of ContentsIntroduction.4Solar Telescope .6Star Telescopes.10Star Sear
10、ching from Home.14Conclusion .15Glossary/Index .16IntroductionHi,Im Sherry,and Im an amateur astronomer,which means that just for fun I like to learn about faraway stars and planets and other mysterious things in space.I recently toured Kitt Peak National Observatory.It sits high atop a 6,875-foot t
11、all mountain outside of Tucson,Arizona.The land the observatory is built on belongs to a Native American tribe.I heard the tribe wasnt going to let astronomers build on its sacred mountain,but the tribe changed its mind after looking through a telescope!They started saying the astronomers had“long e
12、yes,”since they could see so far with their telescopes.That made me laugh.I pictured people looking up at the stars with eyes longer than their arms!But it made a lot of sense because a telescope does make it seem as though your eye can reach the stars.Mayall 4-meter TelescopeMcMath-Pierce Solar Tel
13、escopePicnic GroundsAdministration BuildingParking LotVisitors Center2.1-meter TelescopeDorm RoomsTucsonNMayall 4-m TelescopeVacuum TelescopeMcMath-Pierce Solar TelescopeVisitors CenterWIYN 3.5-m TelescopeCoud Feed2.1-m Telescope0.9-m TelescopeRazdow 0.1-m TelescopeA Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q56The
14、mountaintop is perfect for stargazing.Away from city lights,it stays pitch dark at night.Being on a mountain keeps the telescopes above the dusty dirt that the wind churns up in the valley below.Besides,being up high gets you even closer to the planets and stars.Before going inside the telescopes,we
15、 stood at the edge of the mountain to look out at the small city of Tucson in the distance.I could see the base of the mountain near where I live.Though it was a hot and dusty summer day in Tucson,we had to wear jackets on the cool,windy mountaintop.I was glad to have a break from Tucsons heat!Kitt
16、Peak has a collection of 26 humongous telescopes!These arent telescopes you can hold in your hand.All these telescopes need an entire building to hold them up and protect them.The tour at Kitt Peak let me get close to three of them.One is a solar telescope that astronomers use during the day for stu
17、dying the Sun.The other two are star telescopes they use at night for studying stars and planets and other mysterious things in space.Solar TelescopeI had never heard of a solar telescope before going to Kitt Peak.Since the Sun is a star,I had always thought that astronomers studied it with the same
18、 telescopes they used for other stars.But I learned that because the Sun is so bright,scientists need different equipment to look at it.Kitt Peak has the largest solar telescope in the world!Standing next to it I felt like an ant.It is as tall as a ten-story building.On the top of the telescope it l
19、ooks as if there is a picket fence,which is actually a windbreak to keep one of the telescopes mirrors from shaking.Then there is this large ramp that looks like a slide coming off one side.The slidelike ramp actually continues at the same angle four stories below the ground.This thing is huge!Tucso
20、n city lights 1959Tucson city lights 1980Tucson city lights 2003How the view of Tucson changedA Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q56The mountaintop is perfect for stargazing.Away from city lights,it stays pitch dark at night.Being on a mountain keeps the telescopes above the dusty dirt that the wind churns
21、up in the valley below.Besides,being up high gets you even closer to the planets and stars.Before going inside the telescopes,we stood at the edge of the mountain to look out at the small city of Tucson in the distance.I could see the base of the mountain near where I live.Though it was a hot and du
22、sty summer day in Tucson,we had to wear jackets on the cool,windy mountaintop.I was glad to have a break from Tucsons heat!Kitt Peak has a collection of 26 humongous telescopes!These arent telescopes you can hold in your hand.All these telescopes need an entire building to hold them up and protect t
23、hem.The tour at Kitt Peak let me get close to three of them.One is a solar telescope that astronomers use during the day for studying the Sun.The other two are star telescopes they use at night for studying stars and planets and other mysterious things in space.Solar TelescopeI had never heard of a
24、solar telescope before going to Kitt Peak.Since the Sun is a star,I had always thought that astronomers studied it with the same telescopes they used for other stars.But I learned that because the Sun is so bright,scientists need different equipment to look at it.Kitt Peak has the largest solar tele
25、scope in the world!Standing next to it I felt like an ant.It is as tall as a ten-story building.On the top of the telescope it looks as if there is a picket fence,which is actually a windbreak to keep one of the telescopes mirrors from shaking.Then there is this large ramp that looks like a slide co
26、ming off one side.The slidelike ramp actually continues at the same angle four stories below the ground.This thing is huge!Tucson city lights 1959Tucson city lights 1980Tucson city lights 2003How the view of Tucson changedA Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q878From the inside,the McMath-Pierce Solar Telesco
27、pe looks like a roller coaster track.It has 200 feet of track aboveground and 300 feet below.It needs that much space to keep the Suns reflected light from burning up the equipment.The solar telescope has three mirrors that do most of the work by reflecting the Suns light.The mirrors are on a trolle
28、y so astronomers can move them along a track.I learned that the trolley moves the mirrors really slowlyfour feet per minute.That would make it a really boring roller coaster.I could run up and down the distance of the track at least twice before the mirrors move four feet.From the air,Kitt Peaks sol
29、ar telescope looks like a giant slide.observation roomSunflat mirror curved primary mirrorwind“fence”shaft for instrumentscurved heliostat mirrorMcMath-Pierce Solar Telescopeheliostat support tower123A Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q878From the inside,the McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope looks like a roller
30、 coaster track.It has 200 feet of track aboveground and 300 feet below.It needs that much space to keep the Suns reflected light from burning up the equipment.The solar telescope has three mirrors that do most of the work by reflecting the Suns light.The mirrors are on a trolley so astronomers can m
31、ove them along a track.I learned that the trolley moves the mirrors really slowlyfour feet per minute.That would make it a really boring roller coaster.I could run up and down the distance of the track at least twice before the mirrors move four feet.From the air,Kitt Peaks solar telescope looks lik
32、e a giant slide.observation roomSunflat mirror curved primary mirrorwind“fence”shaft for instrumentscurved heliostat mirrorMcMath-Pierce Solar Telescopeheliostat support tower123A Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q910Astronomers move the mirrors so they can follow the Sun across the sky.They sit in an obser
33、vation room underground and watch the Sun through the telescope.The room is full of computers that position the mirrors and record what the astronomers see.They record things such as sunstorms:when they happen,how long they last,and how large an area the storm covers.Star TelescopesOn the tour,I als
34、o got to see two star telescopes:the 2.1-meter Telescope and the 4-meter Telescope.They look like giant fat pencil tops with rounded erasers.The eraser-looking part is called the dome.The telescope is inside the dome.Mayall 4-meter Telescope building and its control room(inset)2.1-meter Telescope bu
35、ilding and its telescope(inset)Sunlight from the second mirror reflects off the third mirror to go down into the observing room.The first of three mirrors used to look at the Sun sits atop the solar telescope.Remember,never look directly at the Sun!A Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q910Astronomers move the
36、 mirrors so they can follow the Sun across the sky.They sit in an observation room underground and watch the Sun through the telescope.The room is full of computers that position the mirrors and record what the astronomers see.They record things such as sunstorms:when they happen,how long they last,
37、and how large an area the storm covers.Star TelescopesOn the tour,I also got to see two star telescopes:the 2.1-meter Telescope and the 4-meter Telescope.They look like giant fat pencil tops with rounded erasers.The eraser-looking part is called the dome.The telescope is inside the dome.Mayall 4-met
38、er Telescope building and its control room(inset)2.1-meter Telescope building and its telescope(inset)Sunlight from the second mirror reflects off the third mirror to go down into the observing room.The first of three mirrors used to look at the Sun sits atop the solar telescope.Remember,never look
39、directly at the Sun!A Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q1112The building for the 4-meter Telescope is almost 200 feet high.Its so big that you can see it from 50 miles away.These star telescopes are much bigger than any telescopes Ive seen at my astronomy club meetings.Through my backyard telescope,I can se
40、e Jupiters spot and the rings of Saturn.Imagine what I could see with 90 more feet of telescope!To work the star telescopes,astronomers use computers to turn the dome so the telescope points to the part of the sky they want to study.Scientists open the door in the dome to let in the outside air.The
41、tour guide explained that you need to keep the temperature of the air around the telescope the same temperature as the air outside.If the two temperatures are different,the air will move and change the image that is seen in the telescope.Do You Know?Have you seen the air above a hot road look wavy?J
42、ust like that,air moving in the dome will change what astronomers see.Data from the WIYN 3.5-meter Telescope on Kitt Peak combined with data from the Hubble Space Telescope produced this image of the Starburst Galaxy M82.The open dome of the Mayall 4-meter Telescope shows a great view of the sunset.
43、A Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q1112The building for the 4-meter Telescope is almost 200 feet high.Its so big that you can see it from 50 miles away.These star telescopes are much bigger than any telescopes Ive seen at my astronomy club meetings.Through my backyard telescope,I can see Jupiters spot and
44、the rings of Saturn.Imagine what I could see with 90 more feet of telescope!To work the star telescopes,astronomers use computers to turn the dome so the telescope points to the part of the sky they want to study.Scientists open the door in the dome to let in the outside air.The tour guide explained
45、 that you need to keep the temperature of the air around the telescope the same temperature as the air outside.If the two temperatures are different,the air will move and change the image that is seen in the telescope.Do You Know?Have you seen the air above a hot road look wavy?Just like that,air mo
46、ving in the dome will change what astronomers see.Data from the WIYN 3.5-meter Telescope on Kitt Peak combined with data from the Hubble Space Telescope produced this image of the Starburst Galaxy M82.The open dome of the Mayall 4-meter Telescope shows a great view of the sunset.A Visit to Kitt Peak
47、 Level Q1314Since astronomers use the star telescopes to look at the night sky,they get to stay up all night and sleep all day!Signs outside say,“Day Sleepers.Quiet Please.”My older brother could use one of those signs on his bedroom door.Star Searching from HomeI study the stars from home with a pa
48、ir of binoculars or my telescope.A star chart helps me know where to look for certain stars,planets,moons,or constellations.I can see most of these things with binoculars,but I need to use a telescope to see nebulae and most galaxies.Each season,the evening sky looks a little different.As Earth move
49、s and rotates in its orbit,you can see different things.I make sure to have an up-to-date star chart because I want to know whats in the sky above me each night.I found a cool star chart on the Internet by typing the words star chart into a search engine.Astronomer Jim DeVeny pulls an all-nighter at
50、 the 2.1-meter Telescope.Use a star chart made for your area and the time of year you are looking at the sky.A Visit to Kitt Peak Level Q1314Since astronomers use the star telescopes to look at the night sky,they get to stay up all night and sleep all day!Signs outside say,“Day Sleepers.Quiet Please