《原版英语RAZ 教案(Z2) The Gettysburg Address.pdf》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《原版英语RAZ 教案(Z2) The Gettysburg Address.pdf（13页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.The Gettysburg AddressA Reading AZ Level Z2 Leveled BookWord Count:2,487Writing and ArtImagine you are Abraham Lincoln.Write your own speech for the dedication of the Soldiers National Cemetery at Gettysburg.Deliver your speech to your class.S
2、ocial StudiesResearch to learn more about Abraham Lincoln.Write a biography of his life using facts from this book and outside resources.Include a timeline of at least five of the most important events in his life.Connectionswww.readinga-The Gettysburg AddressWritten by Jennifer McStottsXZ1Z2LEVELED
3、 BOOK Z2The Gettysburg Addresswww.readinga-Why is the Gettysburg Address one of the most important speeches in American history?Focus QuestionWritten by Jennifer McStottsCorrelationLEVEL Z2YZN/A70+Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAThe Gettysburg AddressLevel Z2 Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Jen
4、nifer McStottsIllustrated by Mike LaRicciaAll rights reserved.www.readinga-addressadversariesbrevityconceivedconciseconstraintsdevastationjunctureoblivionperishreveredsecessionWords to KnowPhoto Credits:Title page:Rafael Macia/Science Source;page 3:Timothy Nichols/D;page 4(left):The Granger Collecti
5、on,NYC;pages 4(right),10(top):Bettmann/Corbis;page 8:Archive Pics/Alamy;pages 10(bottom),13,15,16,22(background):iStock/Peter Zelei;page 12:Everett Collection Inc/Alamy;page 19:Charles Kogod/National Geographic Stock;page 21:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-DIG-highsm-02036;page 22(main):D
6、;page 23:courtesy of Library of Congress,P&P Div LC-DIG-ppmsca-193013Table of ContentsBrother Against Brother .4President Lincoln and the Civil War .6The Gettysburg Address .10What Did President Lincoln Say?.13A Closer Look .17Life After Gettysburg .22Glossary .24The fifth version of the Gettysburg
7、Address is the only version President Lincoln signed.The Gettysburg Address Level Z24Brother Against BrotherFighting between siblings is so common that we dont think twice about it,but imagine being at war and fighting on one side while your brother or sister is fighting on the other side.The Americ
8、an Civil War was a protracted fight between two sides of the country.Soldiers sometimes knew their enemy because men from the same town and even the same family would fight on opposite sides.Many of the officers had trained and fought together on the same side in earlier conflicts.Some were close fr
9、iends who suddenly found themselves adversaries for the first time.The Union was composed of the Northern states,and the Confederacy consisted of the Southern states.From 1861 until 1865,the Civil War raged,and 620,000 men died in it.One of the wars most famousand infamousbattles was the Battle of G
10、ettysburg.Lewis Armistead and Winfield Scott Hancock were close friends before the Civil War.During the war,they served as generals on opposite sides.Both were wounded at Gettysburg.Hancock lived;Armistead died.Winfield Scott HancockLewis Armistead5On the morning of the first day of the battleJuly 1
11、,1863Union soldier Rudolf Schwarz saw Confederate prisoners being led away.To his surprise,he recognized one of the enemy prisoners as his own brother!The Schwarz brothers hadnt seen each other since departing Germany for the United States.The two men embraced,joyful for their unexpected reunion,how
12、ever brief.They parted when the Confederate brother was taken away,never to meet again.Rudolf was killed in action that afternoon.How did the United States end up at war,with brothers fighting against brothers?Why is the Battle of Gettysburg famous?Why is a 272-word speech about that bloody battle s
13、o revered?The Gettysburg Address Level Z26President Lincoln and the Civil WarWhen Abraham Lincoln ran for president in 1860,there were thirty-three states in the United States.Slavery was legal in the fifteen Southern“slave states”and illegal in the eighteen Northern“free states.”Many slaves tried t
14、o escape to the North to become free.Lincoln opposed allowing slavery to spread beyond the Southern states,which upset many people in the South.They believed that if Lincoln became president,he would eventually abolish slavery in all the states.Many Southerners made their money from agriculture,and
15、huge farms called plantations required a great deal of labor.Southern plantation owners thought using slaves was the best way to fill that need.They thought ending slavery would destroy their whole way of life.Slavery in States and Territories,1860Free statesSlave statesTerritories open to slaveryGe
16、ttysburg7The economy was different in the industrial North,where factories and manufacturing were far more common.Northern factories did not use slave labor,and many people in those states thought that slavery should end.In the months that followed Lincolns election,eleven slave states declared thei
17、r secession from the United States,banding together to form the Confederate States of America.The Confederate States of America,1861 1 Alabama 2 Arkansas 3 N.Carolina 4 S.Carolina 5 Florida 6 Georgia 7 Louisiana 8 Mississippi 9 Tennessee 10 Texas 11 Virginia*3476192118105*West Virginia formed during
18、 the Civil War.It is the only state to have formed by seceding from a Confederate state(Virginia).Four slave states did not join the Confederacy:Missouri,Kentucky,Maryland,and Delaware.The Gettysburg Address Level Z28Lincoln took office in March 1861.The two sides went to war a month later.Soldiers
19、who fought on the Confederate side were called rebels,or“Johnny Reb.”Residents of the Southern states fought hard for independence.The Northern states,which supported Lincoln and the United States,were referred to as the Union because they were dedicated to keeping the country together.Northern sold
20、iers were nicknamed“Yankees”or“Yanks.”Many Northerners wanted to end slavery and fought passionately in what they called the“War of Southern Rebellion.”Men(and sometimes boys)donned uniformsUnion blue,Confederate grayand left their jobs,farms,and families to fight.Many thought the war would last onl
21、y a few weeks or months.By the time of the Battle of Gettysburg,Lincoln had been president for two years.Confederate General Robert E.Lee had won many Civil War victories.He had led troops north into Pennsylvania through Virginia and Maryland.Yet despite Union losses,Lincoln had kept the nation toge
22、ther.Robert E.Lee9The Union marched more than 93,000 soldiers into Gettysburg,Pennsylvania,and the Confederates more than 71,000.When the fighting ceased three days later,nearly 51,000 soldiers were dead,wounded,or missing.The casualty rate was thirty percent.The Battle of Gettysburg ended Lees nort
23、hward advance;however,the battle brought devastation to both sides as well as the town.Public buildings and even private homes had to be used as hospitals for wounded soldiers.Every farm became a graveyard.Although the war continued for another year and a half,more men died at the Battle of Gettysbu
24、rg than at any other Civil War battle.The Gettysburg Address Level Z210The Gettysburg AddressFour months after the Battle of Gettysburg,on November 19,1863,the Soldiers National Cemetery at Gettysburg was ready to be dedicated.It was the first national cemetery.President Lincoln was invited to give“
25、a few appropriate remarks,”but he wasnt the main speaker.Instead,one of the most popular speakers of the time,Edward Everett,gave the formal speechone that lasted two hours.The Other SpeakerEdward Everett was well known to the crowd at the dedication that day.A former U.S.congressman and senator,he
26、had plenty of practice speaking before an audience.Everett got more practice at Gettysburg.He spoke for two hourslonger than many movies last today!While a speech of that length might sound overwhelming or boring to us,it was common in the 1860s.The crowd applauded,but Everett praised the president
27、for his short speech in a letter written the next day:“I should be glad if I could flatter myself that I came as near to the central idea of the occasion,in two hours,as you did in two minutes.”In other words,Everett was impressed that the president said so much in so short a time.Lincoln wrote back
28、 that he was glad to learn that his speech was not a“total failure.”Edward Everett11Days before the event,President Lincoln told a journalist that his speech would be“short,short,short.”He was true to his word,and wisely so.Brevity often affects us more powerfully than long-windedness.Why speak for
29、two hours when two minutes will do?The modern phrase“less is more”conveys the same sentiment.While additional considerations may have influenced the duration of his speech,the oratorical impact of the speechs brevity cannot be overstated.Unquestionably,that is part of why we continue to read his spe
30、ech today.Though his speech was concise,Lincoln gave careful thought to his words on that solemn day.Witnesses describe Lincoln writing on the train to Gettysburg and even the morning of the ceremony.He continued to write until it was time to go to the cemetery.The Gettysburg Address Level Z212The B
31、attle of Gettysburg marked a critical juncture in the war,but not many people realized this until much later.Even four months after the battle,few people understood its implications.Confederate leaders saw their loss as a defeat rather than a disaster.Some people in the North were sick of the warthe
32、y wanted to let the South go,and Lincoln couldnt tell them that victory was just around the corner.He knew it was not.That day at Gettysburg,Lincoln needed more than a good speechhe needed a great speech to rally the Union and keep it in the fight.President Abraham Lincoln in August 1863,a month aft
33、er the Battle of Gettysburg13What Did President Lincoln Say?Today,the Gettysburg Address is considered one of the most inspiring speeches in American history.Since Lincoln gave his famous speech before recording technology was invented,theres no proof of his exact words.Reporters who were there wrot
34、e down what they heard and then sent it by telegraph to newspapers.Whats more,five copies of the speech that were written in Lincolns own hand exist,all slightly different from one another.How Did the President Sound?Because the Gettysburg Address was given in 1863,we dont have recordings of it,but
35、many witnesses and reporters wrote about it.It is said that Lincoln spoke loudly and clearly but also slowly and carefully.Lincolns slow speech may have been for effectto reflect how serious and solemn his words were.It also could have been because he knew his remarks were not very long.We now know
36、that Lincoln was coming down with a serious illness when he gave the Gettysburg Address.Most who saw Lincoln that day describe him as appropriately“sad”and“mournful.”Lincolns secretary also said his color was“ghastly”and his face“haggard.”The president mentioned weakness and dizziness on the day and
37、 the morning before the famous speech.By the time Lincoln boarded the train home,he was feverish and had a severe headache.He was later diagnosed with smallpox.The Gettysburg Address Level Z21415The most popular version of the Gettysburg Address is the final copy.Lincoln even signed and titled this
38、version,which is why it is the most often-reproduced copy and is considered to be worth almost half a million dollars.The original document hangs in the Lincoln Room of the White House.Here is the text of that version:Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent,a new n
39、ation,conceived in Liberty,and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.Now we are engaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation,or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,can long endure.We are met on a great battle-field of that war.We have come to dedicate a portion
40、 of that field,as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.The Gettysburg Address Level Z216But,in a larger sense,we can not dedicatewe can not consecratewe can not hallowthis ground.The brave men
41、,living and dead,who struggled here,have consecrated it,far above our poor power to add or detract.The world will little note,nor long remember what we say here,but it can never forget what they did here.It is for us the living,rather,to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought
42、 here have thus far so nobly advanced.It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before usthat from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotionthat we here highly resolve that these dead shall not ha
43、ve died in vainthat this nation,under God,shall have a new birth of freedomand that government of the people,by the people,for the people,shall not perish from the earth.17A Closer LookLets take Lincolns address line by line to better understand what he said.Four score and seven years ago our father
44、s brought forth on this continent,a new nation,conceived in Liberty,and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.When Lincoln says“four score and seven years ago,”he means four sets of twenty years plus another seven.The year was 1863;eighty-seven years earlier was 1776,the year o
45、f the Declaration of Independence.Lincoln takes a moment to remind his audience of its American historynot just the date when the nation was born,but more importantly,why it was born:so people could escape the constraints of an old political system(a monarchy)to enjoy both the freedom and opportunit
46、y of a new one (a democracy).When Lincoln says,“our fathers brought forth .a new nation,”he means the Founding Fathers,such as Thomas Jefferson,who wrote the line in the Declaration of Independence that Lincoln refers to:“We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal.”The Ge
47、ttysburg Address Level Z218Yet in 1863,the South treated its people with glaring inequalityindeed,it failed to even recognize slaves as fully human.Lincoln subtly reminds his audience that they have a responsibility to uphold the ideal of equality that was the cornerstone of the countrys founding.No
48、w we are engaged in a great civil war,testing whether that nation,or any nation so conceived and so dedicated,can long endure.Here Lincoln moves from the past to the present.He explains that the painful Civil War is“testing”the countrys values and its fortitude.Whether the nation thinks that“all men
49、 are created equal”or ought to be treated as equalis being put to the test.As the North moved toward making this value a political reality,it put the nation under great strain(a nation“divided unto itself,”)revealing the countrys strengths and weaknesses.We are met on a great battle-field of that wa
50、r.The Battle of Gettysburg was one of the bloodiest of the long war.Confederate leaders showed no signs of giving up,and Lincoln knew the war was far from over.19We have come to dedicate a portion of that field,as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live.