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1、WritingImagine being the first person to see a Goliath beetle back in 1766.Write a historical fiction story describing your experience.Use facts and information from the book in your story.ScienceResearch another insect.Write about the ways it is similar to and different from the Goliath beetle.Conn
2、ectionswww.readinga-GIANTS OF THEANIMAL WORLDVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK SLEVELED BOOK SWritten by Ryan JamesGoliath Beetles:Giant InsectsA Reading AZ Level S Leveled BookWord Count:1,074Goliath Beetles:Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Front cover:A Goliath bee
3、tle climbing a tree branch in the Ituri Rainforest in AfricaTitle page:A Goliath using its sharp claws to descend a fig tree Page 3:A Goliath about to eat part of a banana in the wildPhoto Credits:Front cover,page 15(bottom):Bruce Davidson/NPL/Minden Pictures;cover icon:Elena Belyakova/iStock/Thinks
4、tock;title page:Piotr Naskrecki/Minden Pictures;page 3:A Hartl/Blickwinkel/age fotostock;page 5(top left):Lightboxx/D;page 5(top right):Pablo Yoder/07D;page 5(bottom):F.Teigler/Blickwinkel/age fotostock;pages 6(top left),8:Mauro Fermariello/Science Source;page 6(top center):Francisco Martinez-Clavel
5、 Martinez/Alamy;page 6(top right,bottom left):Pascal Goetgheluck/Science Source;page 6(bottom right):Marcouliana/D;page 10:The Natural History Museum/Alamy;page 14:Oldrich Jahn;page 15(top):Biosphoto/Biosphoto/Superstockwww.readinga-adaptedagileburrowcaptivefeatureslarvaescarabsocialspeciesWords to
6、KnowWritten by Ryan JamesWhat features allow the Goliath beetle to live in the tropical rainforests and dry grasslands of Africa?Focus QuestionGoliath Beetles:Giant InsectsGiants of the Animal World Level S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Ryan JamesAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Goliath Beetles
7、:Giant Insects CorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA1516 An Immensely Interesting InsectMost of us have probably never seen insects larger than a grasshopper.Imagine his reaction when a navy doctor fished the first-known Goliath beetle from an African river in 1766.Since then,the
8、se giant beetles have interested insect fans everywhere.No wonder!With their enormous size and flashy stripes,Goliath beetles are a sight to behold.Goliaths are speedy flying machines,heavyweight champs,and all-around awesome insects!Glossaryadapted(v.)changed to fit a new or specific situation or e
9、nvironment(p.7)agile(adj.)able to move quickly and accurately(p.4)burrow(v.)to dig a tunnel or hole(p.13)captive(adj.)confined or without freedom (p.10)features(n.)traits,characteristics,or parts of something(p.7)larvae(n.)baby animals that go through major body changes before they look like adult m
10、embers of their kind(p.4)scarab(n.)a type of large beetle with a hard shell that is often black(p.9)social(adj.)naturally tending to live in a group(p.12)species(n.)a group of living things that are physically similar and can reproduce(p.6)A male Goliath climbs on a human hand in Cameroon,Africa.A r
11、are shot of a Goliath beetle in flight in the Ituri Rainforest ReserveGoliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level SFront cover:A Goliath beetle climbing a tree branch in the Ituri Rainforest in AfricaTitle page:A Goliath using its sharp claws to descend a fig tree Page 3:A Goliath about to eat part of a ban
12、ana in the wildPhoto Credits:Front cover,page 15(bottom):Bruce Davidson/NPL/Minden Pictures;cover icon:Elena Belyakova/iStock/Thinkstock;title page:Piotr Naskrecki/Minden Pictures;page 3:A Hartl/Blickwinkel/age fotostock;page 5(top left):Lightboxx/D;page 5(top right):Pablo Yoder/07D;page 5(bottom):F
13、.Teigler/Blickwinkel/age fotostock;pages 6(top left),8:Mauro Fermariello/Science Source;page 6(top center):Francisco Martinez-Clavel Martinez/Alamy;page 6(top right,bottom left):Pascal Goetgheluck/Science Source;page 6(bottom right):Marcouliana/D;page 10:The Natural History Museum/Alamy;page 14:Oldr
14、ich Jahn;page 15(top):Biosphoto/Biosphoto/Superstockwww.readinga-adaptedagileburrowcaptivefeatureslarvaescarabsocialspeciesWords to KnowWritten by Ryan JamesWhat features allow the Goliath beetle to live in the tropical rainforests and dry grasslands of Africa?Focus QuestionGoliath Beetles:Giant Ins
15、ectsGiants of the Animal World Level S Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Ryan JamesAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects CorrelationLEVEL SO3434Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA1516 An Immensely Interesting InsectMost of us have probably never seen insects larger than a gr
16、asshopper.Imagine his reaction when a navy doctor fished the first-known Goliath beetle from an African river in 1766.Since then,these giant beetles have interested insect fans everywhere.No wonder!With their enormous size and flashy stripes,Goliath beetles are a sight to behold.Goliaths are speedy
17、flying machines,heavyweight champs,and all-around awesome insects!Glossaryadapted(v.)changed to fit a new or specific situation or environment(p.7)agile(adj.)able to move quickly and accurately(p.4)burrow(v.)to dig a tunnel or hole(p.13)captive(adj.)confined or without freedom (p.10)features(n.)trai
18、ts,characteristics,or parts of something(p.7)larvae(n.)baby animals that go through major body changes before they look like adult members of their kind(p.4)scarab(n.)a type of large beetle with a hard shell that is often black(p.9)social(adj.)naturally tending to live in a group(p.12)species(n.)a g
19、roup of living things that are physically similar and can reproduce(p.6)A male Goliath climbs on a human hand in Cameroon,Africa.A rare shot of a Goliath beetle in flight in the Ituri Rainforest ReserveGoliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S1314The Circle of LifeWhen the wet season ends,the larvae bur
20、row deeper underground until they reach sandy soil.There,they build thin-walled“cells”similar to butterfly cocoons.Inside each cell,over the next several months,a larvas body goes through changes and turns into its adult form.Wings and legs grow and fold into place,and the outside of the body harden
21、s into a protective shell.The adult Goliath beetle remains in hibernation inside the earthen cell until the end of the dry season.When the wet season begins again,moisture seeps through the ground.When it reaches the cell,the hibernating beetle wakes and the cycle begins again.In captivity,adults ca
22、n survive about eight months.In the wild,though,Goliath beetles must find food and escape enemies.For these reasons,their life in the wild is probably much shorter.Scientists think that monkeys and large birds might eat Goliath beetlesif they can catch them.Goliath beetles do such a good job of hidi
23、ng in treetops that no one knows for sure.Inside the cell,a developing Goliath grows legs and an outer skeleton.After an egg hatches,a Goliath beetle goes through four more stages on its way to becoming an adult.EggsWings and legs growAdultGoliath Beetle Life CycleGoliath Beetle Life CycleLarva 1(af
24、ter hatching)Larva 2(after 1st molt)Larva 3(after 2nd molt)Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S34Table of ContentsBiggest Beetle.4Giant Insects .5All Kinds of Beetles .6Beetles,Beetles,Everywhere!.7All in the Family .9Speedy Beetles .10An African Home .11The Circle of Life.13An Immensely Interestin
25、g Insect .15Glossary .16Biggest BeetleStriped like a zebra and as agile as an acrobat,the Goliath beetle is one amazing insect!Goliath beetles grow as big as sparrows and weigh nearly twice as much.Their larvae are even bigger.Its no wonder Goliath beetles are considered giants of the insect world.H
26、ow Big Is It?How Big Is It?Goliath beetle larvalength:5 inches (12.7 cm)weight:3.5 ounces(99.2 g)Human handlength:7.44 inches(18.89 cm)width:3.3 inches(8.4 cm)Goliath beetlelength:4.33 inches (10.99 cm)weight:1.7 ounces(48.2 g)Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S34Table of ContentsBiggest Beetle.4G
27、iant Insects .5All Kinds of Beetles .6Beetles,Beetles,Everywhere!.7All in the Family .9Speedy Beetles .10An African Home .11The Circle of Life.13An Immensely Interesting Insect .15Glossary .16Biggest BeetleStriped like a zebra and as agile as an acrobat,the Goliath beetle is one amazing insect!Golia
28、th beetles grow as big as sparrows and weigh nearly twice as much.Their larvae are even bigger.Its no wonder Goliath beetles are considered giants of the insect world.How Big Is It?How Big Is It?Goliath beetle larvalength:5 inches (12.7 cm)weight:3.5 ounces(99.2 g)Human handlength:7.44 inches(18.89
29、cm)width:3.3 inches(8.4 cm)Goliath beetlelength:4.33 inches (10.99 cm)weight:1.7 ounces(48.2 g)Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S1314The Circle of LifeWhen the wet season ends,the larvae burrow deeper underground until they reach sandy soil.There,they build thin-walled“cells”similar to butterfly
30、cocoons.Inside each cell,over the next several months,a larvas body goes through changes and turns into its adult form.Wings and legs grow and fold into place,and the outside of the body hardens into a protective shell.The adult Goliath beetle remains in hibernation inside the earthen cell until the
31、 end of the dry season.When the wet season begins again,moisture seeps through the ground.When it reaches the cell,the hibernating beetle wakes and the cycle begins again.In captivity,adults can survive about eight months.In the wild,though,Goliath beetles must find food and escape enemies.For these
32、 reasons,their life in the wild is probably much shorter.Scientists think that monkeys and large birds might eat Goliath beetlesif they can catch them.Goliath beetles do such a good job of hiding in treetops that no one knows for sure.Inside the cell,a developing Goliath grows legs and an outer skel
33、eton.After an egg hatches,a Goliath beetle goes through four more stages on its way to becoming an adult.EggsWings and legs growAdultGoliath Beetle Life CycleGoliath Beetle Life CycleLarva 1(after hatching)Larva 2(after 1st molt)Larva 3(after 2nd molt)Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S1112An Afri
34、can HomeGoliath beetles live in tropical rainforests and dry grasslands in Africa.These areas are warm year-round,with a dry season that lasts several months of the year.Wild Goliath beetles feed on fruit that grows during the wet season.While they have mouths for chewing,they also feed on tree sap,
35、which is most common during the wet seasons warm,humid conditions.Sharp claws help them scratch through bark to reach the sweet sap underneath.Goliath beetles sometimes gather on trees where food is plentiful.However,Goliaths spend most of their time on their own.“They are not social insects,”says D
36、r.Ratcliffe.Male Goliath beetles defend the best feeding sites against intruders.The heads of all male Goliaths have Y-shaped horns,which they use to push away other males.Scientists think that claiming the best feeding sites may help males attract females.Female Goliath beetles dig deep into the so
37、il when they are ready to lay eggs.They may lay up to one hundred eggs at a time!The eggs hatch after about two weeks and the young larvae come out.The eyeless,wingless larvae spend all their time eating and growing.They feed on rotting plant matter in the soil.They may also eat smaller beetle larva
38、e and adult insects.Goliath larvae reach full size in about four months.The larger species can grow up to 5 inches(12.7 cm)in lengthabout as long as a dollar bill.They can weigh up to 3.5 ounces(100 g)about the same as five mice.ATLANTIC OCEANINDIAN OCEANAFRICAWhere Goliath Beetles LiveWhere Goliath
39、 Beetles LiveGoliath beetle rangeEquatorGoliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S56Six Types of Goliath BeetlesSix Types of Goliath BeetlesGiant InsectsFossils from three hundred million years ago prove there were once dragonflies with hawk-sized wingspans,but scientists think Goliath beetles have reach
40、ed the size limit for modern insects.Earths atmosphere contains less oxygen now than it did millions of years ago.With less oxygen in the air,“monster insects”at least,monsters bigger than Goliath beetlesare a thing of the past.A few modern-day beetles beat the Goliath in the length department.Rhino
41、ceros beetles have massive horns that nearly double their overall body length.However,they cant compare to Goliath beetles body size or weight,so Goliaths win as the heavyweight champs!All Kinds of BeetlesThe name“Goliath beetle”actually refers to six separate,related types of beetles.Most have blac
42、k stripes on all or part of their bodies,which led early British scientists to call them“zebra beetles.”No two beetles markings are identical,even within a single Goliath species.That makes it hard to identify various types of Goliath beetles.Over the years,insect scientists thought they had identif
43、ied over two dozen different types of Goliath beetles.Today,though,experts agree that there are only six types.Beetles come in all shapes and sizes,but Goliath beetles outweigh them all!Rhinoceros beetleHercules beetleGoliath beetleGoliathus goliatus(go-LY-uh-thus go-LY-uh-tuhs)Goliathus regius(go-L
44、Y-uh-thus REJ-ee-us)Goliathus cacicus(go-LY-uh-thus KA-sih-kus)Goliathus albosignatus(go-LY-uh-thus al-bo-SIG-nuh-tuhs)Goliathus orientalis(go-LY-uh-thus or-ee-en-TAH-lis)Goliathus“atlas”(go-LY-uh-thus AT-luhs)Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S56Six Types of Goliath BeetlesSix Types of Goliath Be
45、etlesGiant InsectsFossils from three hundred million years ago prove there were once dragonflies with hawk-sized wingspans,but scientists think Goliath beetles have reached the size limit for modern insects.Earths atmosphere contains less oxygen now than it did millions of years ago.With less oxygen
46、 in the air,“monster insects”at least,monsters bigger than Goliath beetlesare a thing of the past.A few modern-day beetles beat the Goliath in the length department.Rhinoceros beetles have massive horns that nearly double their overall body length.However,they cant compare to Goliath beetles body si
47、ze or weight,so Goliaths win as the heavyweight champs!All Kinds of BeetlesThe name“Goliath beetle”actually refers to six separate,related types of beetles.Most have black stripes on all or part of their bodies,which led early British scientists to call them“zebra beetles.”No two beetles markings ar
48、e identical,even within a single Goliath species.That makes it hard to identify various types of Goliath beetles.Over the years,insect scientists thought they had identified over two dozen different types of Goliath beetles.Today,though,experts agree that there are only six types.Beetles come in all
49、 shapes and sizes,but Goliath beetles outweigh them all!Rhinoceros beetleHercules beetleGoliath beetleGoliathus goliatus(go-LY-uh-thus go-LY-uh-tuhs)Goliathus regius(go-LY-uh-thus REJ-ee-us)Goliathus cacicus(go-LY-uh-thus KA-sih-kus)Goliathus albosignatus(go-LY-uh-thus al-bo-SIG-nuh-tuhs)Goliathus o
50、rientalis(go-LY-uh-thus or-ee-en-TAH-lis)Goliathus“atlas”(go-LY-uh-thus AT-luhs)Goliath Beetles:Giant Insects Level S1112An African HomeGoliath beetles live in tropical rainforests and dry grasslands in Africa.These areas are warm year-round,with a dry season that lasts several months of the year.Wi