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1、Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.South KoreaA Reading AZ Level Y Leveled BookWord Count:1,448WritingChoose at least two topics from the book.Write an essay explaining how another country compares to South Korea in these areas.Social StudiesResearch South Koreas economy.Write
2、an essay explaining how the countrys geographic location positively and negatively impacts its economy.Connectionswww.readinga-Written by Cheryl ReifsnyderSouth KoreaLEVELED BOOK YLEVELED BOOK Ywww.readinga-What are some important characteristics of South Korea?Focus QuestionWritten by Cheryl Reifsn
3、yderSouth KoreaSouth KoreaCountries Around the World Level Y Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Cheryl ReifsnyderAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Front cover:A South Korean island at sunsetTitle page:Tea harvesters in South KoreaPage 3:A crowded market in SeoulPhoto Credits:Front cover,back cover:Ta
4、watchai Prakobkit/123RF;title page,page 9:Woojin Kim/123RF;page 3:Hanhanpeggy/D;page 5:Nattanai Chimjanon/123RF;page 6:Chung Sung-Jun/Getty Images News/Getty Images;page 7:epa european pressphoto agency b.v./Alamy Stock Photo;page 10:Jung Yeon-Je/AFP/Getty Images;page 11:South Korean Defense Ministr
5、y/Getty Images News/Getty Images;page 12:Insung Jeon/Moment Open/Getty Images;page 13:Natthapon Ngamnithiporn/123RF;page 14:Sean Pavone/123RF;page 15(top):Wavebreakmedia Ltd/Wavebreakmedia Media/Thinkstock;page 15(bottom):tawatchaiprakobkit/iStock/Thinkstockcease-firecommunistculturedemocraticethnic
6、ityexportedextinctgenerationsinletsmysticaltyphoonsurbanWords to KnowCorrelationLEVEL YT4040Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRA3South Korea Level YTable of ContentsWhere Is It?.4People .6Land .8History .10Celebrations .12Food .13Conclusion .14Glossary .164South KoreaSouth KoreaTsushima Island(Japan)W
7、here Is It?South Korea,officially named the Republic of Korea,is a small country in East Asia.At 99,720 square kilometers(38,502 sq.mi.),its slightly smaller than the country of Iceland.It is located on the southern part of the Korean peninsula.Surrounded by water on three sides,South Korea shares o
8、nly its northern border with another countryNorth Korea.The Sea of Japan,called the East Sea by the people in the region,is on the peninsulas eastern border.The East China Sea lies to the south,and the Yellow Sea lies to the west.A narrower strip of water called the Korea Strait separates South Kore
9、a from the Japanese island of Tsushima.AFRICAASIASEA OF JAPAN(East Sea)YELLOW SEASOUTH KOREAJAPANNORTH KOREACHINASeoulH5South Korea Level YSouth Koreas closest neighbors are Japan to the east,North Korea to the north,and China to the north and west across the Yellow Sea.With more than nine million p
10、eople,South Koreas capital city of Seoul is the countrys largest city.Its also one of the largest cities in the entire world.Seoul is located in the northwestern part of the country on the Han River.Although todays Seoul is a modern center of trade and business,its also an important historic landmar
11、k.The downtown region is enclosed by walls originally built more than six hundred years ago.It contains centuries-old palaces,shrines,fortress gates,and royal gardens.There are also examples of a humbler type of building:the traditional South Korean house,called a hanok.Designed to stay comfortable
12、in winters bitterly cold temperatures,hanoks have a special heating system that carries hot air through channels beneath the stone floor.More than 60 percent of Seouls people live in modern apartments that use an under-the-floor heating system inspired by the hanok.One of the Five Grand Palaces in S
13、eoul is located in the heart of the city.6A Respectful PeopleA Respectful PeoplePeopleMore than forty-nine million people live in South Korea,most of them in urban environments.Aside from a small minority of Chinese and other non-Korean Asians,most South Koreans are the same ethnicity and speak the
14、same languageKorean.Until recently,North and South Korea were the only places to find large populations of Korean-speaking people.Since the fifteenth century,the language has had its own alphabet,called Hangul(HAHNG-gul).Hangul is similar to the alphabet used in English in that each letter stands fo
15、r a specific soundunlike Chinese characters,for example,where different symbols can stand for entire words.South Koreans work in many different types of jobs.About half of the countrys economy is based on exported goods.Many people work in manufacturing,making cars,ships,and other items that will be
16、 exported.South Korea also has jobs in computer-related technologies.In traditional Korean life,people stand when an older person enters the room.If shaking hands,the younger person is supposed to wait for the elder to offer a hand.A young boy waits to shake the South Korean presidents hand in 2007.
17、7South Korea Level YFamily is important in Korean society.Sometimes two or three generations live together in a single household,although this is becoming less common.Elders and family are honored in traditional South Korean practices.People keep records of their family history and have special food
18、 and ceremonies on holidays.Many South Koreans see education as the key to success and power.Family life often centers around childrens education.Children are often excused from chores so they can work at their studies.According to the Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development,Korean stu
19、dents rank among the best readers and problem solvers of its member nations.South Koreans have a wide range of religious beliefs.Christianity,Buddhism,Confucianism,and shamanism are the four major religions,and Islam is practiced as well.After a regular school day,many students go to a school called
20、 a hagwon(HAH-gwon)to study languages,math,or music.8South KoreaSouth KoreaLandHills and mountains cover South Korea;only a small amount of the land is flat enough for farming.The Taebaek(TE-bek)Mountains run along the eastern coast,with several mountain ranges branching off and running roughly east
21、west.Most of the mountains are less than 1,219 meters(4,000 ft.)in elevation.The highest peak is 1,950-meter(6,398 ft.)Mount Halla,also known as Hallasan.Mount Halla is an extinct volcano on Jeju,one of two volcanic islands off the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula.South Koreas eastern coastline
22、is fairly straight.However,the rest of the countrys coast is broken up by numerous rivers and streams to form countless inlets and more than 3,500 small islands.SeoulHJeju IslandTaebaek MountainsSobaek MountainsBukhan RiverHan RiverNaktong RiverKum RiverKOREA STRAITMount Halla9South Korea Level YLin
23、ing the narrow lowlands are streams and rivers with some of the highest tides in the world.At Incheon,the port city beside Seoul,the water level varies about 9 meters(30 ft.).Thats enough to cover a three-story house.Most of South Koreas rural population lives in the coastal and inland plains region
24、 in the western and southern parts of the country.The plains provide fertile farmland for growing rice and vegetables.Because of the countrys location in a temperate zone,South Korea has four seasons.Temperatures range from an average of 6C(21F)in winter to highs of 2732C(8090F)in summer.Summer also
25、 brings the rainy season,when the country gets more than half its yearly rainfall.During this season,South Korea is sometimes hit by typhoons.Heavy flooding is common.Rice fields,or paddies,thrive in South Korea.10HistoryKoreaan area consisting of both North and South Koreais a region with more than
26、 two thousand years of recorded history.People have been living there for at least ten thousand years.Its location kept it isolated from the world for hundreds of years.Historians think that Koreans originally came from Mongolia and Siberia.Over many centuries,kingdoms rose to take control as Korea
27、struggled between unity and division.Koreas internal struggles were further complicated by a series of invasions by China,the Mongolian Empire,and Japan.In 1905,Japan forced Korea to sign a treaty that put Korea under Japanese control.Five years later,Japan made Korea a Japanese colony.Korea remaine
28、d under Japanese control until Japans surrender at the end of World War II.Koreans still celebrate their freedom yearly on August 15.South Korean students wave their countrys flag to celebrate independence.11South Korea Level YThe United Nations planned to return Korea to self-government at the end
29、of World War II.During this time,the United States was in charge of the southern half of the Korean peninsula and the Soviet Union the northern half.However,leaders couldnt agree on how to establish Koreas new government.The United Nations ordered democratic elections,which South Korea held.North Ko
30、rea established a communist form of government.In 1948,the United Nations recognized South Koreas government as the only legal government in North and South Korea.Two years later,North Korea invaded South Korea in an attempt to bring the divided nation together by force.The Korean War had begun.It w
31、ould cost 2.5 million lives and devastate both countries.The war ended in 1953 with a cease-fire agreement that left North and South Korea separated by a strip of land 4 kilometers(2.5 mi.)wide.Although the two countries agreed to a cease-fire,they have never signed an official peace treaty.South Ko
32、rean soldiers patrol the border.12CelebrationsUntil the mid-twentieth century,South Korea was an agricultural society.Many of its holidays are linked with the moon calendar.New Years Day,called Seollal(SAHL-lahl),is the most important of these festivals.Its celebrated with tteokguk(DAWK-gook),or ric
33、e cake soup.On this holiday,South Koreans celebrate everyone becoming one year older with gifts,games,and fortune-telling.A harvest celebration called Chuseok is another important holiday.Its a time when people gather for family reunions.Families visit their family tombs and leave food offerings in
34、honor of the dead.South Koreans also have a big celebration on a babys first birthday.The parents place objects in front of the baby and let the baby choose his or her favorite.If the baby picks up a book,he or she will be smart;picking up money means wealth.Parents hold their baby at her first birt
35、hday party.Plentiful food represents prosperity for the child.13There are probably hundreds of different kinds of kimchi,a pickled vegetable dish that is usually very spicy.The most popular types are cabbage kimchi,radish kimchi,cucumber kimchi,and water kimchi.Some type of kimchi is served with nea
36、rly every traditional meal.KimchiKimchicabbage kimchisquid kimchiradish kimchiSouth Korea Level YFoodSouth Korean food is often spicy.Kimchi,a food similar to spicy sauerkraut,and rice are served at nearly every traditional meal.Fish and other seafood are also an important part of South Koreas cuisi
37、ne,as are pounded rice cakes called tteok(DAWK).There is a saying in South Korea:“Food is the best medicine.”It means that both health and sickness come from the food people eat.Traditionally,South Koreans eat seaweedwhich many believe improves healthon their birthday.Some women expecting babies eat
38、 seaweed to help ensure a healthy birth.Another traditional belief is that some foods have mystical powers.For example,a dish consisting of sweet red beans and rice porridge is supposed to chase off evil spirits and help ensure long life.14The bustling capital city of Seoul glistens at night.Conclus
39、ionFrom their countrys bustling cities to its rugged mountains and fertile plains,South Koreans have been united for centuries by a culture that values hard work and respect for family and elders.This culture and the strength of the South Korean people have enabled the country to triumph over war an
40、d poverty.Today,the countrys trillion-dollar industrial economy is one of the strongest in the world.South Korea has become a modern world powera country and people with a bright future.15South KoreaSouth KoreaPopulation:49,115,196Land:99,720 sq km(38,502 sq.mi.)Capital City:SeoulPrimary Language:Ko
41、reanPrimary Religions:Christianity,BuddhismName of Currency:WonSource:CIA World Factbook(May 2016)South Korea Level Y16Glossarycease-fire(n.)an agreement to temporarily stop fighting during a war(p.11)communist(adj.)of,relating to,or supporting a political system in which the government controls the
42、 economy(p.11)culture(n.)the ideas and customs of a certain group of people(p.14)democratic(adj.)relating to or based on a form of government that is run by the people through free and frequent elections(p.11)ethnicity(n.)the state of belonging to a group of people with a common cultural heritage or
43、 nationality distinguished by customs,characteristics,language,and common history(p.6)exported(adj.)sold in another country or area(p.6)extinct(adj.)not having erupted in thousands of years and showing no sign of erupting in the future(p.8)generations(n.)spans of time,approximately twenty to thirty
44、years,between when parents and their children are born(p.7)inlets(n.)narrow strips of water that lead from a body of water into land(p.8)mystical(adj.)having a spiritual or symbolic meaning that is not easy to understand(p.13)typhoons(n.)strong,spinning storms with heavy rain and high winds that occur near the Indian or Western Pacific Ocean(p.9)urban(adj.)of or relating to cities or towns and the people living in them(p.6)