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1、www.readinga-Visit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.LEVELED BOOK QWritten by Torran AndersonLost CitiesA Reading AZ Level Q Leveled BookWord Count:914Lost Citieswww.readinga-Lost CitiesLevel Q Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Torran AndersonAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Writte
2、n by Torran AndersonCorrelationLEVEL QN3030Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPhoto Credits:Front cover:StefanGodierPhotography/iStock/Thinkstock;back cover:iStock/NeonJellyfish;title page:Michel Gounot/Godong/Corbis;page 3:iStock/sestevens;page 4(main):Jos Antonio Peas/Photo Researchers,Inc.;page 4(
3、inset):Alfredo Dagli Orti/The Art Archive/Corbis;page 5:Stock Italia/Alamy;page 6:REX USA/Image Source/Rex;page 7:Frenta/D;page 8:Enrico Della Pietra/D;page 9:Images of Africa Photobank/Alamy;page 10(main):Jose Fuste Raga/Corbis;page 10(inset):Suradin Suradingura/123RF;page 11:Jon Arnold Images Ltd/
4、Alamy;page 12:imagebroker/Alamy;page 13:Images&Stories/Alamy;page 14(both):Franck Goddio/Hilti Foundation,photo:Christoph Gerigk Front cover:Machu Picchu,PeruBack cover:Angkor,CambodiaTite page:Tikal,GuatemalaAuthors Note:Thank you to Dr.Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh,curator of anthropology at the Denve
5、r Museum of Nature and Science.Lost Cities34Table of ContentsAtlantis .4The Lost City in the Mountains .6The City Lost Under Ash .7The City of Traders .9The Giant Ancient City .10The Stone City .11The City in the Poem .13The Search Continues .15Glossary .16AtlantisThe legend of Atlantis dates back t
6、o 360 bc,when the Greek philosopher Plato first described it.He said it was an advanced nation whose people lived on beautiful islands.According to Plato,Atlantis sank into the ocean“in a single day and night of misfortune.”People have searched for the city for thousands of years,but it remains lost
7、.Cliff Palace,ColoradoPlatoMany artists have shown the legendary Atlantis that Plato described.Lost Cities Level Q34Table of ContentsAtlantis .4The Lost City in the Mountains .6The City Lost Under Ash .7The City of Traders .9The Giant Ancient City .10The Stone City .11The City in the Poem .13The Sea
8、rch Continues .15Glossary .16AtlantisThe legend of Atlantis dates back to 360 bc,when the Greek philosopher Plato first described it.He said it was an advanced nation whose people lived on beautiful islands.According to Plato,Atlantis sank into the ocean“in a single day and night of misfortune.”Peop
9、le have searched for the city for thousands of years,but it remains lost.Cliff Palace,ColoradoPlatoMany artists have shown the legendary Atlantis that Plato described.Lost Cities Level Q56Lost cities are human settlements that became nearly or completely uninhabited.The locations of many of these pl
10、aces have been forgotten.However,these cities have interested people since before Plato wrote about Atlantis,and they continue to spark peoples imaginations today.They offer a look into our own ancient past and the promise of new secrets to discover.Atlantis may still hide beneath the ocean waves,bu
11、t other cities have been found and explored.The Lost City in the MountainsMachu Picchu,PeruHigh in the Andes Mountains sits Machu Picchu.Only around one thousand people inhabited the“Lost City of the Incas”from roughly ad 1450 to 1572.The Incas had no system of writing,so no one is sure what the cit
12、y was used for or why the people left.Archaeologists still debate whether it was a regular village,a home for the rulers family,or a religious sanctuary.The Incas constructed the large buildings,walls,ramps,and more than seven hundred terraces without using iron,steel,or wheels!Many local people kne
13、w about Machu Picchu,but the city only came to the attention of the world in 1911.A local guide led Hiram Bingham,an American explorer,to the site.What Is Archaeology?The word archaeology comes from the Greek,meaning“study of old things.”“Archaeologists study how humans have lived in the past,”expla
14、ins Dr.Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh.“We do this by studying the things that people have left behindoften their trash!So we study stuff like old houses,broken bowls,and the bones of animals that have been eaten.As scientists,we piece all of these bits of the past together like a giant puzzle,which gives
15、 us a picture of what life was like a long time ago.”Thousands of people visit Machu Picchu each year.Archeologists carefully examine the ruins of Pompeii in Italy.Lost Cities Level Q56Lost cities are human settlements that became nearly or completely uninhabited.The locations of many of these place
16、s have been forgotten.However,these cities have interested people since before Plato wrote about Atlantis,and they continue to spark peoples imaginations today.They offer a look into our own ancient past and the promise of new secrets to discover.Atlantis may still hide beneath the ocean waves,but o
17、ther cities have been found and explored.The Lost City in the MountainsMachu Picchu,PeruHigh in the Andes Mountains sits Machu Picchu.Only around one thousand people inhabited the“Lost City of the Incas”from roughly ad 1450 to 1572.The Incas had no system of writing,so no one is sure what the city w
18、as used for or why the people left.Archaeologists still debate whether it was a regular village,a home for the rulers family,or a religious sanctuary.The Incas constructed the large buildings,walls,ramps,and more than seven hundred terraces without using iron,steel,or wheels!Many local people knew a
19、bout Machu Picchu,but the city only came to the attention of the world in 1911.A local guide led Hiram Bingham,an American explorer,to the site.What Is Archaeology?The word archaeology comes from the Greek,meaning“study of old things.”“Archaeologists study how humans have lived in the past,”explains
20、 Dr.Chip Colwell-Chanthaphonh.“We do this by studying the things that people have left behindoften their trash!So we study stuff like old houses,broken bowls,and the bones of animals that have been eaten.As scientists,we piece all of these bits of the past together like a giant puzzle,which gives us
21、 a picture of what life was like a long time ago.”Thousands of people visit Machu Picchu each year.Archeologists carefully examine the ruins of Pompeii in Italy.Lost Cities Level Q78The City Lost Under AshPompeii,ItalyIn ad 79,Mount Vesuvius erupted for two days,burying the city of Pompeii under 20
22、feet(6 m)of ash.The city remained covered for almost 1,700 years before its discovery in 1748.The archaeologists discoveries amazed people around the world.The layers of ash preserved the city,providing a window into how people lived during the Roman Empire.Paintings,shops,and all the bits and piece
23、s of peoples daily lives remained untouched.The ash even formed casts around the bodies of those who once lived in Pompeii.Since its discovery,only about two-thirds of the city has been uncovered,so archaeologists have many more years of work ahead.The hardened ash became hollow as the bodies decaye
24、d.Archaeologists filled the hollows with plaster to make the forms.Mount Vesuvius looms over the ruins of Pompeii.Today,the volcano is still active,and more than 3 million people live near it.Lost Cities Level Q78The City Lost Under AshPompeii,ItalyIn ad 79,Mount Vesuvius erupted for two days,buryin
25、g the city of Pompeii under 20 feet(6 m)of ash.The city remained covered for almost 1,700 years before its discovery in 1748.The archaeologists discoveries amazed people around the world.The layers of ash preserved the city,providing a window into how people lived during the Roman Empire.Paintings,s
26、hops,and all the bits and pieces of peoples daily lives remained untouched.The ash even formed casts around the bodies of those who once lived in Pompeii.Since its discovery,only about two-thirds of the city has been uncovered,so archaeologists have many more years of work ahead.The hardened ash bec
27、ame hollow as the bodies decayed.Archaeologists filled the hollows with plaster to make the forms.Mount Vesuvius looms over the ruins of Pompeii.Today,the volcano is still active,and more than 3 million people live near it.Lost Cities Level Q910The City of TradersThe Great Zimbabwe,ZimbabweThe Great
28、 Zimbabwe was the center of a trading empire in southern Africa from around ad 1100 to 1500.Evidence suggests that twelve thousand or more people lived there at its peak.Artifacts found at the site include gold beads,bronze spearheads,iron utensils,and carved sandstone statues.Skilled builders caref
29、ully carved stones and set them on top of each other.The walls rose 32 feet(9.8 m)over the land.Archaeologists think the people left the city slowly as they used up all the natural resources.The Giant Ancient CityAngkor,CambodiaAt around 400 square miles(1,000 sq km),Angkor in Cambodia was once the
30、capital of a large empire.Around a million people lived there from ad 800 to 1400,making it the largest city in the world at the time.Angkor had an advanced system for holding and carrying water through the city.Evidence suggests that people left when this water system became too large and fell into
31、 disrepair.Some archaeologists think invaders attacked the city,but no one knows for sure.However,the city was never completely empty.People live in Angkor today.The city has over one thousand temples,including Angkor Wat,which is the largest religious monument in the world.Angkor Wat is so importan
32、t in Cambodia,the nation put it on their flag!The Great Enclosure is one of the largest buildings in the Great Zimbabwe.It contained a common area and a series of homes.Lost Cities Level Q910The City of TradersThe Great Zimbabwe,ZimbabweThe Great Zimbabwe was the center of a trading empire in southe
33、rn Africa from around ad 1100 to 1500.Evidence suggests that twelve thousand or more people lived there at its peak.Artifacts found at the site include gold beads,bronze spearheads,iron utensils,and carved sandstone statues.Skilled builders carefully carved stones and set them on top of each other.T
34、he walls rose 32 feet(9.8 m)over the land.Archaeologists think the people left the city slowly as they used up all the natural resources.The Giant Ancient CityAngkor,CambodiaAt around 400 square miles(1,000 sq km),Angkor in Cambodia was once the capital of a large empire.Around a million people live
35、d there from ad 800 to 1400,making it the largest city in the world at the time.Angkor had an advanced system for holding and carrying water through the city.Evidence suggests that people left when this water system became too large and fell into disrepair.Some archaeologists think invaders attacked
36、 the city,but no one knows for sure.However,the city was never completely empty.People live in Angkor today.The city has over one thousand temples,including Angkor Wat,which is the largest religious monument in the world.Angkor Wat is so important in Cambodia,the nation put it on their flag!The Grea
37、t Enclosure is one of the largest buildings in the Great Zimbabwe.It contained a common area and a series of homes.Lost Cities Level Q1112The Stone CityPetra,JordanThe word petra means“rock”in Greek.Its a good name for a city beautifully carved out of sandstone cliffs.The Nabataean(na-buh-TEE-uhn)pe
38、ople built the city,but experts arent sure when.It was already a booming city in 312 bc,when records show that the king of a neighboring country unsuccessfully attacked it.At the time,Petra was a trade center.Because it was built in a desert,it had a complex system for moving water that used pipes,r
39、eservoirs,and waterways.Archaeologists think an earthquake destroyed the water system,forcing people to leave.The discovery of new trade routes away from Petra may also have contributed to people leaving the city.Petra was known to the local people but wasnt visited by people from outside until 1812
40、.Only a small part of the city has been uncovered.Most of Petra is still hidden underground.The Treasury has been featured in numerous movies,including Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.Kings and other important people in Petra were laid to rest in amazing tombs.Some tombs were later used as church
41、es.Lost Cities Level Q1112The Stone CityPetra,JordanThe word petra means“rock”in Greek.Its a good name for a city beautifully carved out of sandstone cliffs.The Nabataean(na-buh-TEE-uhn)people built the city,but experts arent sure when.It was already a booming city in 312 bc,when records show that t
42、he king of a neighboring country unsuccessfully attacked it.At the time,Petra was a trade center.Because it was built in a desert,it had a complex system for moving water that used pipes,reservoirs,and waterways.Archaeologists think an earthquake destroyed the water system,forcing people to leave.Th
43、e discovery of new trade routes away from Petra may also have contributed to people leaving the city.Petra was known to the local people but wasnt visited by people from outside until 1812.Only a small part of the city has been uncovered.Most of Petra is still hidden underground.The Treasury has bee
44、n featured in numerous movies,including Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade.Kings and other important people in Petra were laid to rest in amazing tombs.Some tombs were later used as churches.Lost Cities Level Q1314The City in the PoemTroy,TurkeyThe Iliad,an ancient Greek poem written by Homer,tells
45、the story of the Trojan War.In the poem,the great city of Troy was under siege by the Greeks for ten years.People had searched for the city for hundreds of years but never found it.Scholars thought Troy only existed in stories.Then,in 1871,an excavation in Turkey found the remains of a city matching
46、 the description of Troy.As archaeologists dug deeper,they found nine cities built one on top of another.The first city of Troy was built around 3000 bc.Modern excavations have found huge walls like those described in the Iliad.Most archaeologists agree that this is ancient Troy.However,they still d
47、ebate which layer is the city described in the ancient poem.A Recent DiscoveryIn 2000,archaeologist Franck Goddio discovered the ruins of Thonis-Heracleion.This important Greek port was once believed to be only a legend.Goddio also solved another riddle by revealing that Thonis and Heracleion were a
48、ctually two different names for the same city.Thonis was the Egyptian name of the city,and Heracleion was the Greek name.Archaeologists excavate the different layers of Troy.Scientists think people built the first city around 3000 bc.Lost Cities Level Q1314The City in the PoemTroy,TurkeyThe Iliad,an
49、 ancient Greek poem written by Homer,tells the story of the Trojan War.In the poem,the great city of Troy was under siege by the Greeks for ten years.People had searched for the city for hundreds of years but never found it.Scholars thought Troy only existed in stories.Then,in 1871,an excavation in
50、Turkey found the remains of a city matching the description of Troy.As archaeologists dug deeper,they found nine cities built one on top of another.The first city of Troy was built around 3000 bc.Modern excavations have found huge walls like those described in the Iliad.Most archaeologists agree tha