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1、www.readinga-M Is for MexicoA Reading AZ Level Z Leveled BookWord Count:2,193Great tales from MexicoMEXICOCome on in,the waters fineMEXICOM Is for MexicoA Mayan pyramid rises from the tropical forest at UxmalVisit www.readinga- for thousands of books and materials.Written by Amy WeberLEVELED BOOK ZW
2、ritten by Xxxx XxxxxxWritten by Amy WeberM Is for MexicoLevel Z Leveled Book Learning AZWritten by Amy WeberMaps Illustrated by Craig FrederickAll rights reserved.www.readinga-Photo Credits:Front cover(bottom left),page 4(bottom):Hemera Technologies/Jupiterimages Corporation;front cover(all others),
3、title page,pages 3,10,11,12,15(inset),18(bottom),19,22(top),23:Jupiterimages Corporation;back cover:iS Gabay;page 4(top):Plush Studios/Blend Images/Getty Images;page 6:Photosoup/D;page 7:Elvele Images Ltd/Alamy;pages 8,15(top),17(top):Adalberto Rios Lanz/Sexto Sol/Getty Images;page 9(main):Radius Im
4、ages/Alamy;page 9(inset):Andrey Armyagov/D;page 13(top):The Granger Collection,NYC;page 13(bottom):iS DeLillo;page 14:Jerl71/D;page 15(bottom):Volkmar Wentzel/National Geographic Stock;page 16(top):iS Puerzer;page 16(bottom):Alberto Loyo/123RF;page 17(bottom):Vladimir Korostyshevskiy/D;page 18(top):
5、Sergio Pitamitz/Superstock;page 20(top):Robert Harding Picture Library Ltd/Alamy;page 20(bottom):iS;page 21(top):Marek Zuk/Alamy;page 21(bottom):Gonzalo Azumendi/age fotostock;page 22:iS Kaywww.readinga-M Is for MexicoCorrelationLEVEL ZUVN/A50Fountas&PinnellReading RecoveryDRAPRONOUNCIATION GUIDE:Te
6、otihuacn(tay-oh-tee-wah-KAHN)Tenochtitln(tay-nohch-teet-LAHN)Oaxaca(wah-HAH-kah)Quiahuiztln(kee-uh-weet-ZLAN)Cenote de Dzitnup(si-NOH-tee day ZEET-nup)Valladolid(bah-lyah-doh-LEED)34Table of ContentsMy Travel Brochure .4The Land.5When to Visit .9My Countrys History .10Mexico City .11Central and Sout
7、hern Mexico .14The Gulf Coast and Yucatn Peninsula .17Northern Mexico.20Quick Facts About Mexico.23Glossary .24My Travel BrochureBy Juan RodriguezMs.Browns Fifth Grade ClassWelcome to Mexico!I am so glad you have come to visit my beautiful country.Mexico has a lot of rich history and culture.The peo
8、ple who live here are very kind,and their hospitality is out of this world!There is so much here to see and do.The question is not what you want to do,but whether you will have the time to do it all.You might want to relax on the shores of Mexicos many beaches or visit some of our wonderful museums,
9、historic sites,or ancient ruins.You could even go for a horseback ride in the mountains,a boat ride through the wetlands,or listen to local mariachi music.Whatever you want to do or see,Mexico has something for you!A mariachi bandMariachi Copper SculptureM Is for Mexico Level Z56The LandLets begin o
10、ur tour by learning a little bit about Mexicos geography.Mexico is located at the southern part of North America.The United States is its neighbor to the north.Guatemala and Belize are its neighbors to the south.The country is divided into North and South,just like the Americas.In southern Mexico,mo
11、st states have large rural areas with a large farming population.The northern states are wealthier than the southern states and are mostly urban and industrialized.More than half of the countrys population lives in the central part of the country.This area is what is called the Valley of Mexico.Mexi
12、co City,Mexicos capital,is in the valley.In 2010,it was one of the twenty largest cities in the world!About 8,873,017 people lived in the Mexico City area while about 112 million people lived in the entire country of Mexico.The land in Mexico covers 756,066 square miles (1,972,550 sq km).How big is
13、that?Well,you could fit about five countries the size of Mexico into the United States.I bet you didnt know that Mexico has states,too.It has 31 states and a federal district.All of these areas have totally cool places to visit!Mexicos blue water and landforms are as diverse as its people and cultur
14、e.Five of the Worlds Top 20 in 2010(Population within city limits)*Source:GeoHive,from most recent actual or estimated figures1.Shanghai,China 19,836,1333.Mumbai(Bombay),India 12,478,4476.Moscow,Russia 11,514,30013.Seoul,South Korea 9,820,17116.Mexico City,Mexico 8,873,017Baja California NorteChihua
15、huaSonoraCoahuilaNuevo LenNayaritDurangoSinaloaAguascalientesBaja California SurOaxacaQuintana RooYucatnChiapasCampecheTabascoTamaulipasVeracruzGuerreroColimaMichoacnGuanajuatoZacatecasJaliscoQuertaroPueblaTlaxcalaSan Luis PotosHidalgoDistrito FederalMorelosMxicoMexicos StatesMexican FlagGULF OF MEX
16、ICOsealM Is for Mexico Level Z78Mexicos many unique landform regions include the Mexican plateau,the central plateau,Gulf Coastal Plain,Pacific Coastal Lowlands,southern highlands,Chiapas Highlands,Tabasco Plain,the Yucatn Peninsula,Sierra Madre Occidental and Sierra Madre Oriental,and the Sonoran D
17、esert.If you review that list,youll notice that very few sound alike.Since Mexico is a diverse land,it ranks third in the world for the most varied plant and animal species.Did you know that Mexico is also in the“Ring of Fire”?That means that it is located in an area where volcanoes in the Pacific O
18、cean are very active.I hope you will take the time to visit Mexicos Volcn Pico de Orizaba.This is a fascinating dormant volcano and the countrys highest point.It rises to 18,406 feet(5,610 m).From cities to rural areas,from deserts to rainforests,from wetlands to canyons,Mexico has every kind of env
19、ironment youre looking for!Lets explore more about my country.AsiaAustraliaNorth AmericaSouth AmericaPACIFICOCEANRing of FireMexicoVolcn Pico de OrizabaDo You Know?Volcn Pico de Orizaba has not erupted since 1687.No one climbed it until 1848.The volcano is the third highest in North America.Do you k
20、now what the first two highest points are?GULF OF MEXICOPACIFIC OCEANVolcn Pico de OrizabaTabasco PlainGulf Coastal PlainsMesa CentralGULF OF CALIFORNIAYucatn PeninsulaPacif c Coastal LowlandsSierra Madre OccidentalSierra Madre Del SurSierra Madre OrientalChiapas HighlandsSierra Madre De ChiapasBaja
21、GULF OF MEXICOPACIFIC OCEANSuchiateBalsasLerma-SantiagoMontezumaFuerteConchosMexico CityYaquiChihuahuan DesertSonoran DesertM Is for Mexico Level Z910When to VisitOne thing to keep in mind is that Mexicos climate along the coast is hot and humid.If you dont like hot and humid weather,you should plan
22、 your trip from October through May.Of course,the temperatures are almost always milder inland and in the mountains.If you love dry weather,try visiting Baja California or the Sonoran or Chihuahuan deserts.It is dry in these places year-round.My Countrys HistoryBefore the Spanish defeated the Aztecs
23、 in 1521,Mexico was part of what is called Mesoamerica.The Olmecs,Maya,Teotihuacn,Toltec,and the Aztec peoples lived in Mesoamerica for a long time before the Spanish arrived.This period of history is called the pre-Columbian period.You can visit some of the buildings they left behind such as temple
24、s,pyramids,and even ball courts!The Aztecs were the most powerful of the pre-Columbian civilizations.After the Spanish arrived and conquered the Aztecs,not only did the people change,but also our land.Spain sent some of its people to live here.The Spaniards made the indigenous people become Catholic
25、s.They had to learn Spanish and Latin,and many of the native languages disappeared.Today Spanish is the official language of Mexico.Mexico was a colony of Spain until 1810.Many Mexicans revolted against Spain,and in 1821,Mexico officially won its independence.It is now a republic.Explore MoreIn addi
26、tion to the Aztecs,the Olmecs,Maya,Teotihuacn,and Toltecs also lived in Mesoamerica.Find out more about these cultures and civilizations by searching the Internet or your local library.Cacti in the Sonoran desert in Baja CaliforniaBoys snorkel off Baja CaliforniaM Is for Mexico Level Z1112Mexico Cit
27、yNow,lets begin our tour of some of the great cities to visit.Well begin in the heart of MexicoMexico City.When the Aztecs ruled,it was called Tenochtitln.Many of the ancient ruins in and around Mexico City were built by the Aztecs.The Templo Mayor(Great Temple)was actually the site of the capital o
28、f the Aztec Empire.It was built during the 1300s and 1400s.The Spanish tried to bury it,but in 1978 the amazing temples ruins were uncovered.It is now a museum.In Mexico City,there are also many beautiful things to see that were built under Spanish rule.Cathedrals and other examples of Spanish archi
29、tecture are all over Mexico City.The largest cathedral in Latin America is Catedral Metropolitana.Would you believe it took nearly 300 years to build?Throughout the city you can see painted or sculpted art by famous Mexican artists.One of the most well-known is muralist Diego Rivera.From 1929 to 193
30、5,he painted murals showing Mexican history in the courtyard of the Palacio Nacional,or National Palace.The site of the palace has been home to many rulers.Moctezuma,who was an Aztec emperor,lived on the same site before the Spanish conquest.After the Spanish conquest,it was home to Spanish conquist
31、ador Hernn Corts.Today,the offices of Mexicos president are inside.The palace faces the Plaza de la Constitucin(Zcalo).This is one of the worlds largest public squares.Mexico Citys largest park is another major attraction.This was where the Aztecs used to spend their summer vacations!You can spend a
32、 part of your vacation at Bosque de Chapultepec,too.You can visit a zoo or botanical garden,buy a balloon or a snack,and then visit museums or art galleries and not even leave the park!Templo Mayor in Tenochtitln,capital of the Aztec EmpireM Is for Mexico Level Z1314There are other art museums and c
33、enters throughout the city,including the Palacio de Bellas Artes,Museo Dolores Olmedo Patio,Museo Mural Diego Rivera,Museo Frida Kahlo,and many,many more.Frida Kahlo was one of the first successful female painters in the world.She was married to Diego Rivera.My favorite painting of hers has a monkey
34、 in it!However,if shopping is what you want to do while in Mexico City,you wont be disappointed at the Bazar del Sbado(Saturday Market)in the Plaza San Jacinto in the San ngel neighborhood.You can buy Mexican fruits,vegetables,or even candy,at the Mercado de la Merced.Central and Southern MexicoJust
35、 northwest of Mexico City,you can find more great examples of Spanish colonial architecture.Sometimes this area is called the Colonial Heartland.It is also the heart of Mexicos rich agriculture.The Spanish built many cities and towns here because of the silver deposits.If you visit the city of Taxco
36、,southwest of Mexico City,you can find many beautiful silver shops.Farther west there are many beaches.One place known for its beaches is Acapulco.Decades ago,Puerto Vallarta became a popular beach resort for Hollywood stars.If you get tired of the beach,you can visit a pre-Columbian site in Colima.
37、Colima has been rebuilt over and over again because frequent earthquakes continually damage it.Self portrait with Monkey by Frida KahloSpanish colonial architectureCandy at the Saturday MarketM Is for Mexico Level Z1516Guadalajara is the countrys second largest city after Mexico City.There are many
38、great places to visit in Guadalajara.There is the citys famous Cathedral,which took more than two centuries to build.You can take a short walk from the Cathedral and see a lot of Spanish colonial architecture.But like many regions in Mexico,you can also just enjoy being outside!The countrys largest
39、lake,Laguna de Chapala,is a great place to go boating.You may want to check out the waterfalls,tropics,and mountains at Huasteca Potosina.I recommend that you take a boat ride to see Tamul waterfall.It drops 344 feet into a canyon!Central and southern Mexico have many ancient ruins of pre-Columbian
40、civilizations.Teotihuacn is probably one of the greatest examples of all pre-Columbian cities.It has two great ancient temples:the Pyramids of the Sun and the Moon,which people visit more than any other pre-Columbian site.So what was Teotihuacn?It was once a place where about 125,000 people lived in
41、 about ad 400.And it is also the name of the people who lived there.Kind of confusing,huh?At that time,it was one of the worlds largest cities.Monte Albn in the state of Oaxaca was a city of the Zapotec people.You can visit what was their ceremonial site on top of a mountain!At one time,this was als
42、o a cultural center for the Olmec and the Teotihuacn.Fishermen at Laguna de Chapala,MexicoPyramid of the Moon at TeotihuacnPyramid of the Sun at TeotihuacnThe cathedral at GuadalajaraM Is for Mexico Level Z1718The Gulf Coast and Yucatn PeninsulaMoving out to the tropical plains and jungle of the Gul
43、f Coast,we find land that was once home to several pre-Columbian cultures,including the Maya,Olmec,and Totonac.Olmec artifacts are all over this region,especially in the Parque-Museo de La Venta.You can visit ancient pyramids at El Tajin.This was a major religious center for the Totonac who lived he
44、re between ad 900 and 1150.Or you can check out Quiahuiztln,a hilltop city where some 15,000 Totonac people once lived.The Mayan ruins at Chichn Itz are the best preserved of anything the Maya left behind.There are temples,Mexicos largest ancient ball court,and an observatory.The Maya were fascinate
45、d with looking at the stars,just like me!They even had their own writing system.Uxmal is another Mayan site that you should visit.Most of the Spanish cities and towns in the Yucatn were actually built on top of Mayan ruins.What other cool things are there to see and do on the Gulf Coast?Just about e
46、verything!There are many museums,cathedrals,and churches.Dont forget to stop in the city of Veracruz!The waterfront promenade and arcades are a lot of fun.Like the Colonial Heartland,this region is also a center for agriculture.Sugarcane,cacao(yum!),and coffee are grown here.Mayan ancient ball court
47、El Tajin in VeracruzMayan hieroglyphicscoffee beansM Is for Mexico Level Z1920The Yucatn Peninsula is also well known for its white sand beaches,and has plenty of them considering its surrounded by water on three sides,like Baja California.The worlds second longest barrier reef(after Australias)is l
48、ocated near the islands of Cozumel and Isla Mujeres.It is a popular place to snorkel and scuba dive.Cancn is probably the most popular spot to get a suntan.This region is well-known for its breathtaking natural wells called cenotes.Probably the most visited one is the Cenote de Dzitnup near Valladol
49、id.Can you believe that it was discovered only a half century ago?Northern MexicoMany of Mexicos deserts,mountains,and canyons are located here.You might have heard of the Grand Canyon in the United States,but did you know that Copper Canyon is even bigger?It is more than one mile deep and part of t
50、he Sierra Madre Occidental range.You can take a train to get a close-up view of this deep canyon,its waterfalls,and lakes.The indigenous people who live there are famous for the drums and violins they make.If you are looking for great beaches and resorts,like Cabo San Lucas,then Baja California is t