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1、学员编号：NJ0311674188 年 级： 课 时 数：3学员姓名： 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：课程主题：高中语法动词时态和语态1授课时间： 学习目标1. 掌握各个时态的结构和基本用法；2. 能够灵活运用各种时态。教学内容内容回顾举几个从句，让学生辨别从句类型。知识精讲知识点1：一般现在时1）表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制） “Life is like walking in the snow,” Granny used to say,“because every step shows.”祖母过去常说:“人生就像在雪中行走,因为每一步都会留下痕迹。”2）表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或
2、状态动词；表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。We always care for each other and help each other.3）在时间、条件，让步状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时，即我们通常所说的“主将从现”。批注：A. 适用主将从现的常见句型：主将从现：由if, unless, not until 引导的条件状语从句 由when, before, as soon as, the moment, the second, the minute, directly, instantly, immediately引导的时间状语从句由no matt
3、er +wh- 或 wh- + ever 引导的让步状语从句I will close the shop unless you give me some help.My son will let me know the minute he arrives in London.无论你说什么，我都将坚持自己的意见。_答案：No matter what / Whatever you say, I will insist on my opinion. B.主句中的将来时经常用祈使句或情态动词来替换。eg：“Have you seen the film?”“Not yet. I will see (see
4、) it if Im free.” You _ eat anything until you see the doctor. (need/mustnt/wont /maybe)C.高考中经常考到的句型： and will （肯定结果）祈使句 （条件） or will （否定结果） Hurry up, and you will catch the early bus. Hurry up, or you will miss the early bus.D.要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitat
5、ion and come to our party, my family will be pleased.4)按时间表、时刻表、日程表、节目单、课程表等规定将要发生的动作,用一般现在时代替一般将来时。So what is the procedure?All the applicants are interviewed before a final decision is made by the authority.那程序是怎么安排的呢?在职权部门做最后的决定之前所有的申请人都要参加面试。The train leaves at 8 oclock.火车将于8点钟发车。例1：Hes been inf
6、ormed that he_for the scholarship because of his academic background.(2017江苏,31)A.hasnt qualifiedB.hadnt qualified C.doesnt qualifyD.wasnt qualifying例2：Anyone who knows about the world-famous scientist Stephen Hawking can see that, within his small and weak figure, he_a big heart.(2017江苏南通如皋联考,8) A.
7、carriesB.has carried C.will have carriedD.is to carry知识点2：一般过去时（高考考查重点）1. 表示过去时间内发生的动作,或者过去反复发生的动作。I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I asked,“What do you wish me to do now?”当我问“你希望我现在干什么?”时,我无法隐藏我的渴望。2. 常用一般过去时的句型：Why didnt you / I think of that?I didnt notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been
8、 there with my brother before.I didnt recognize him.例1：The publication of Great Expectations, which_ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.(2017江苏,24)A.isB.areC.wasD.were例2：I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers before
9、my eyes.A. swim B.swumC. swam D. had swum知识点3：一般将来时1. Will表示将来的动作或状态,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。Fish will die without water.鱼离开水就会死掉。2.be going to(1)表示现在打算或计划将来要做的事。We are going to have a meeting today.今天我们要开个会。(2)表示根据某种迹象认为在最近或将来要发生的事。It is going to rain.天要下雨了。3.be to(1)表示预先安排好的计划或约定。Are we to go on with this w
10、ork?我们要继续这项工作吗?(2)表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等。We are to take care of the children.我们应该照顾好孩子们。(3)表示注定要发生的事情。Her plan is to be a failure.她的计划注定要失败。4.be about to表示即将发生的动作,不与具体的时间状语连用,可与when引导的时间状语从句连用。The plane is about to leave.飞机即将起飞。5.will与be going to的区别will多表示说话时才做出的决定,或临时决定做某事。be going to表示事先经过考虑或做好安排将要
11、做某事。What time is it?I have no idea.But just a minute,I will check it for you.现在几点了?我不知道。但是稍等一会儿,我帮你确认一下。例1：Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I _know. I _go and visit her.A. didnt; am going to B. dont; wouldC. dont; will D. didnt; will知识点4：现在进行时1）表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作；表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时；表近期特定的安排或计划；go、come等起止动
12、作可用进行时代替将来时。如：It is raining now.He is teaching English and learning Chinese.I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight.We are leaving on Friday.At six I am bathing the baby.(I start bathing the baby before six.)这个女孩总是在公共场所大声讲话。_2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时：表示心理状态、情感的动作：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind,
13、wish, agree, mean, need.表存在的状态的动词：appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on.表示一时性动作的动词：allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete.表示感官的动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look.例1：Why are you so upset, Mary?My boss _ fault with me. He is not so kind as you think. (2017江
14、苏南通第一次调研,22)A.always finds B.is always findingC.has always found D.always found知识点5：过去进行时（考察重点）参照现在进行时1）过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或某一阶段内发生或频繁发生。We were playing football in the playground at this time yesterday.He was doing his homework this morning. But I dont know if he has finished it.2) 某一动作发生时另一动作正在发生，经常与whe
15、n或while连用。When I got to his office, he was working on the computer.He fell off his bike while he was riding his bike.例1：I_down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.(2017天津,8)A.was drivingB.have drivenC.would driveD.drove知识点6：现在完成时1)表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，常与already, yet, just ,bef
16、ore, lately, recently, never, ever, not yet等。这个动作到说话时可能已经停止或结束。His brother has joined the Party already. I have finished reading the book.We have just visited the farm. 2)表示动作或状态在过去某时开始，一直持续到现在，并还可能继续下去的动作或状态。通常用动词。常与段时间状语连用。如：so far, up to now, since, for+一段时间，in/over /during the past/last few year
17、s等。I have taught English for 15 years.Where have you been all these years？Up to now, we have received no news from her.3)在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来完成的动作。（即用现在完成时代替将来完成时）。其特征为：状语从句中的谓语动词很明显或需强调发生在主句谓语动作之前。They will go to work in the company as soon as they have graduated from the school. (强调毕业后)I will
18、 not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. （强调先看到）I will go with you as soon as I have finished my work. （强调“干完”）Tell me your answer when you have solved the problem! （强调“解决”）When you have learned English, you will find it a bridge to so much knowledge.4)使用现在完成时的句型 It /This is the firs
19、t / second timethat结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。It is the second time that I have visited the city. This is the first time (that)Ive heard him sing. This is +形容词最高级+名词+that结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。This is the best film that Ive (ever)seen. This is the only book that he has written.5）固定句型It is +时段+since+从句（从句谓语为瞬间则按字面翻译
20、） （从句谓语为延续则表示未做此事多久）如：It is two years since we arrived here. 我们到这儿两年了。It is two years since he lived here. 他不在这儿住两年了。例1：Owing to a speedup in urbanization and improvement in living standards, peoples consumption patterns _ in the last few years.(2017江苏苏北四市第一次调研,21)A.changedB.change C.had changedD.ha
21、ve changed知识点7：过去完成时1)在by, by the end, by the time, until, before, since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. The train had left before we reached the station. 2）表示过去未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped / planned / meant / intended/thought / wanted / expected等。3）“时间名
22、词 + before”在句子中作状语，谓语动词用过去完成时。 He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before. 4）表示“一就”的几个句型：Hardly / No sooner / Scarcely had + 主语 + 过去分词 + when / than / when +一般过去时。 We had no sooner been seated than the bus started. = No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.例1：The manager i
23、s said to have arrived back from Paris where he_ some European partners.A. would meet B. is meetingC. meetsD. had met知识点8：将来完成时1. 表示“将来完成”即表示到将来某个时间为止势必会完成或预计要完成的动作。如：When we get there, shell have gone to work. 我们到那里时她会已上班去了。I expect you will have changed your mind by tomorrow. 我预料到明天你就会改变主意了。2. 表示“
24、持续”即表示某种状况将一直持续到说话人所提及的某一将来时间。如：We will have been married a year on June 25th. 到6月25日我们俩结婚就满1年了。By this time next week, I will have been working for this company for 24 years. 到下星期此刻，我就已经为该公司干了24年了。3. 表示“推测”即表示根据某情况作出的推测。如：That will have been Roland. He said hed be back at 7. 准是罗兰。他说他7点钟回来。There wil
25、l have been a definite result before Friday. 星期五以前肯定会有结果。例1：By the time Jane gets home his aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A. will leave B. leaves C. will have left D. mind知识点9：现在完成进行时表示一个持续到现在的动作(这动作可能刚停止，也可能还在进行)。 (1) 构成：have been doing(2) 用法：1) 延续：表示开始于过去的活动持续到现在，并且活动往往还没有结束，将继续持续下去。I have
26、been living in Hawaii for ten years.我在夏威夷已经生活了十年。She has been burning the midnight oil to prepare for GRE.她最近在熬夜准备GRE考试。Tom has been playing the online games for more than twenty hours.汤姆玩网游已经超过二十个小时了。What happened to you? Have you been crying?你怎么了？你是不是一直在哭？2) 重复：到目前为止的一段时间内重复发生的活动。He has been going
27、 to Seattle for half a year.他在半年间经常去西雅图。I have been telling you not to make trouble.我一直劝你不要找麻烦。The old man has been repairing cars for thirty years.老人修车修了三十年了。Jack has been practising Tai Chi for more than a year.杰克练太极一年多了。3)表示感情色彩现在完成进行时比较生动，有时含有明显的感情色彩。如：What have you been doing? 表示惊异Whos been eat
28、ing my apples? 表示愤怒不满，例1：Dashan,who _ crosstalk,the Chinese comedic tradition,for decades, wants to mix it up with the Western stand-up tradition.(2016江苏,29)A.will be learningB.is learning C.had been learningD.has been learning例2：Now that she is out of a job, Lucy _ going back to school, but she has
29、nt decided yet. A. had considered B. has been considering C. considered D. is going to consider知识点10：将来进行时基本用法(1)表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，一般带状语。如： What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 星期一的这个时间你会干什么？ When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will be writing the report. 明天他来我家时，我将会在写报告。 (2)表示现在正在进行的动作，
30、但这个动作会延续到将来。如：I think that she will be working on this experiment until next morning. 例1：The new machines have arrived and are being tested in the workshop.Im glad we _ them in the years ahead.(2017江苏苏北六市3月联考,30)A.will be operatingB.have been operating C.would be operating D.had been operating知识点11：
31、过去将来时参照一般将来时对比：用would do、was / were going to do sth.表过去将来；come、go、leave等过去进行时表过去将来时；was / were to do sth.和was / were about to do sth.表过去将来。例1：He promised he _( give) me a hand if I get into trouble.例2：The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune _. A. is made B. would m
32、ake C. was to be made D. had made 总结回顾结合语境判断动词时态课后作业1.Food supplies in the flood-stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres left.A. have run out B. are running out C. have been run out D. are being run out2.What do you think of his newly-published book?Its the best one he _,but thats not
33、saying much.(2016江苏苏锡常镇二模,24)A. wroteB.is writingC.has writtenD.will write3.Guess what?I met Mark at the party.If my memory serves me correctly, you two _each other for almost ten years.(2017江苏南通如皋联考,6) A.havent seenB.hadnt seen C.didnt seeD.dont see4.I will have two midterms tomorrow.Me too. So you
34、_ any sympathy from me here.(2017江苏盐城12月阶段性检测,27)A.arent gettingB.didnt get C.havent gotD.arent going to get5.Li Mingyang, who_ as the main center on the Chinese Womens Basketball Team for two years, is now a member of a Japanese basketball club, which is considered shameful by many Chinese.(2017江苏姜
35、堰、如东、沭阳、前黄中学二模,28)A.has servedB.had served C.servedD.was serving6.When he_ the bill in the restaurant, he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.(2017江苏南通第一次调研,29)A.paid B.would be paying C.was to pay D.had paid7.Where is Gary? He is at the library studying for his German test on W
36、ednesday. In fact, he _ for the test every day over the past week. (2017江苏苏锡常镇二模,24)A.has reviewedB.was reviewing C.has been reviewingD.had been reviewing8.I hope when you come tomorrow, you _ the reading and have something to share.(2017江苏苏北四市三模,34)A.did B.are doing C.will be doing D.will have done
37、9.How long_in our school?For just the weekend. I am due for a forum in Hainan next Monday morning.(2017江苏泰州中学4月质检,29) A.have you stayedB.are you staying C.did you stayD.do you stay10.To strengthen Japans diplomatic influence and increase military presence across the world, Abe(安倍)_a greater role for
38、 his country in international affairs since he took office.(2016江苏无锡一模,34)A.soughtB.had soughtC.is seekingD.has been seeking易错题集锦：1. John is said to have written two books last year. Yes, so he _. They are both about the Second World War.A. is B. does C. has D. did2. If people outside China learned
39、a bit about jasmine tea culture, they would realize there_ a lot of enjoyment in it.A. is B. was C. were D. would be3. European scientists announced that the speed of light isnt the speed limit. Perhaps it is the biggest challenge to Einsteins theory of relativity. No one_ any crack in his theory fo
40、r more than a century.A. has found B. found C. had found D. would find4. How long do you expect it _ before the African can keep the disease under control ?A. is B. has been C. will be D. will have been5. Mr. Smith let off upon me the speech he _ to make all along.A. had died B. died C. was dying D.
41、 had been dying6. Do you think Im a good surfer? Of course! I_ you earlier. You made it look so easy, graceful even.A. am watching B. was watching C. have watched D. had watched7. Havent you completed the building to be used as a library ? Yes, we_ on it for over ten months.A. worked B. have worked
42、C. are working D. will have worked8. In my hometown, there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat _ cut.A. will have been B. will be C. was D. has been9. James _ so far behind in the race that he knew he had little chance of winning.A. fell B. falls C. has fallen D. was falli
43、ng10. When he _ the bill in the restaurant, he suddenly realized that he had left his wallet in the car.A. paid B. would be paying C. was to pay D. had paid11. Why do children hang stockings over the fireplace for presents ? As the story goes, to help a poor family, Father Christmas threw a small bag of gold down the chimney and it fell into a stocking that _ up to dry over the fireplace.A. hung B. had hung C. was hanging D. was hanged12. How much do you know about the Youth