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1、辅导讲义学员姓名： 学科教师：年 级：高三 辅导科目：英语授课日期时 间A / B / C / D / E / F 段主 题任务型阅读专题学习目标1、 掌握任务型阅读专题常见题型的解题步骤和技巧；2、 积累任务型阅读常考的词汇、短语和句型。教学内容1. 上次课后巩固练习2. 预习思考 掌握“五定”解题技巧就很简单了。 【知识梳理1】基本概念“任务型阅读” 题的特点任务型阅读的命题主要体现文章结构与层次、强调捕捉与组织信息的能力、兼顾阅读理解与文字表述的能力。对于表格中所缺的单词，命题者往往重实词（动词、名词、形容词和副词）的考查。题目设置归纳起来可以分为以下三种类型。信息转换题【知识梳理2】基
2、本分类信息归纳题信息查找题【知识梳理3】任务型阅读简单解题步骤观察表格定位定意定性定形定词1. 观察表格：观察表格可以简单梳理出文章结构，有助于文章的阅读，常见的结构如：“现象-细节-出现原因”或“观点-论据-结论”。2. 定位：根据表格所给内容，在原文中确定答案的大致范围，方便做题。3. 定意：根据表格所给内容确定需要填的单词的词义。4. 定性：根据表格内容确定需要填的单词的词性。5. 定形：根据表格内容确定需要填的单词的形式。如：名词是否要加复数，动词是否要三单，是否要大写首字母。6. 定词：根据以上步骤，确定所填单词。任务型阅读解题技巧“五定” 【知识梳理4】用法详解一信息查找，直接获取
3、答案型解题思路：此类题属于细节题，可以直接在原文中能够找到，问题的题干与原文大致相同，所以所需要的词不需要变换形式，可以直接从文中进行摘抄。【例题精讲】例1：原文：Some psychologists (心理学家) think that your taste in music is related to (有联系的) your personality.题目：Your 63 in music is related to your personality.例2：原文：Music tells us who we are. Music reflects the creators thinking an
4、d values, as well as the social environment it came from.题目：Music not only reflects the social environment it came from but also expresses peoples thinking and _37_【巩固练习】1：The most economical way to circumnavigate the globe is to buy a RTW air ticket that uses one airline alliance. To buy a RTW air
5、ticket (72) one airline alliance to save money.2：I had to really economize for the rest of the term to make up for all the money I spent in freshers week.She had to economize to make up for all the money (80)_ during the freshers week.二.信息转换，间接获取答案型此类题在实际做题环节时应注意根据问题查找定位信息，但这些信息仅为线索或某种提示并非最终答案，一定记得加
6、工分析并转换成另一种表达方式，方为正确答案。常见的转换方式：1.词性转换名词、动词、形容词、副词等词类间的转化；常见的词性转换为：1）名词变为形容词：加y:直接加y: health-healthy; frost-frosty; rain-rainy; difficultdifficulty;双写为字母加y: sun-sunny; fog-foggy;去e加y: noise-noisy加ful或者less:hope-hopeful/ hopeless; meaning-meaningful/ meaningless; wonder-wonderful; cheer-cheerful; colou
7、r-colouful; cheer-cheerful; success-successful; end-endless;2）形容词变为副词：直接加ly: careful-carefully; beautiful-beautifully; bad-badly; excited-excitedly;以y结尾将y变为ily: angry-angrily; heavy-heavily; noisy-noisily; happy-happily;以le结尾将le变为ly: comfortable-comfortably; possible-possibly; simple-simply;去e加ly: t
8、rue-truly.3）动词/形容词变为名词：加ment:agreeagreement; treat-treatment; advertise-advertisement; punish-punishment;improve-improvement; develop-development;加ion:collect-collection; donate-donation; educate-education; organize-organization; invent-invention;加ness:rich-richness; kind-kindness; ill-illness; ugly
9、-ugliness; sick-sickness;sad-sadness4）动词变为形容词：加ed/ ing:surprise- surprising/ surprised; excite-exciting/ excited; tire-tiring/ tired; please-pleasing(pleasant)/ pleased;【例题精讲】例1：原文：Dont wave your hands to the waiters. Englishmen think guests should do something to make the waiters pay attention to t
10、hem. But in France some bread and water will come first, then the waiters will take your order according to the rhythm(节奏) of the restaurant. Have enough patience(耐心)!题目：Englishmen cant be 60 enough for meals while Frenchmen can.例2：原文：However, people still find these friendships valuable to them.题目：
11、This doesnt mean there isnt any _ to be found in these friendships.【巩固练习】1：Positive, negative, and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you are. Messages from others help you _ who you are.2：You can also learn how to apply for jobs. Its vast resources incl
12、ude ways of job _. 2.词意转换词汇转换包括同义词、反义词等功能替代型转换；1) 在单词前加上否定前缀构成形容词的反义词：一般情况下，在形容词前加un: e.g.: necessary-unnecessary; welcome-unwelcome; comfortable-uncomfortable;几种特殊情况，需要再形容词前加in; ir; im; dis等：e.g.: 加in-: active-inactive; correct-incorrect; 加ir-: regular-irregular;加im-: possible-impossible; patient-i
13、mpatient; polite-impolite;加dis-: honest-dishonest;2) 常见的反义词：cheap-expensive; long-short; same-different; hot-cold; happy-sad; fast-slow; easy-difficult;generous-selfish; modest-proud; strong-weak; hardworking-lazy; clever-silly; remember-forget.3) 常见的同义词：happiness=joy; strong= powerful; sad= unhappy
14、; afraid= worried; energetic= lively; calm= relaxed;influence= affect; know= realize; need= require; hope= wish【例题精讲】例1：原文：Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide.题目： 60 to understand new information.例2：原文：It is said that you wont want to visit any other mountain after
15、seeing wu yue(五岳) but you wont wish to see even wu yue after you come back from it. 题目：It is said that you wont to visit any other mountain after seeing wu yue but you wont wish to see even wu yue after 71 from it. 【巩固练习】例1：There is growing evidence that our anxiety about our childrens school perfor
16、mance may actually be holding them back from learning some of these valuable skills.(江苏省宿迁市2016高三一模)Parents anxiety about their kids performance may(75) them from learning some valuable skills.例2：If youre concerned only with a childs G.P.A., then you will likely choose to minimize the challenges the
17、 child faces in school.(江苏省宿迁市2016高三一模)Parents concerned only with a kids G.P.A. have a (76) to minimize the challenges the child faces.3.句子结构转换语法匹配 (to, -ing, -ed, 主被动语态的转换)、连词、介词的运用、固定句型、同义句等都属于句子结构转换的内容。【例题精讲】例1：原文：In classroom, your teachers will talk about topics that you are studying. The info
18、rmation they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say.题目：The information that is 57 by the teachers about studying topics is useful for your tests, so it is necessary for you to learn take good notes.例2：
19、原文：As American textbooks are expensive, students would rather loan(租借) than buy them. Students must pay back if they lost any of them.题干：They prefer loaning textbooks to 49 them.【巩固练习】1：As the psychologists Madeline Levine and Dan Kindlon have written, that can lead to difficulties in adolescence an
20、d young adulthood, when overprotected young people finally confront real problems on their own and dont know how to overcome them.(江苏省宿迁市2015高三一模)Denying kids character-building experiences can(78) in difficulties in adolescence and young adulthood.2：When doing the financial transaction for the sale
21、, insist on a cash payment, or cashiers check.(2016届高三苏锡常镇四市一模英语试卷)(80) _to a cash payment or cashiers check when doing financial transaction.三. 信息归纳题，综合概括获答案根据问题查找定位信息，找共性的东西。归纳词的特征包括：概括性（在最大程度上覆盖栏内信息)、针对性（量体裁衣，大小适度)、醒目性（简洁）。常见概括性词汇有以下几类，需要学生掌握：原因：cause(s) / reason(s) 结果/结论： result(s) / /conclusion
22、(s) 目的：purpose/ aim建议提示： advice / suggestion(s) / tip(s) 问题：problem(s) /trouble方式方法：method(s) /means/ way(s) / manner/ solution(s)措施行动：measure/action特性，特点：characteristics/ feature好处/坏处：advantage(s)/ disadvantage(s)主题：theme(s) / topic(s) / subject(s)数字/数据：data/ figure(s)种类：type(s) / kind(s) /形势/情形： s
23、ituation(s) / condition(s)/ case(s)重要性/意义：importance(s) / meaning(s)【例题精讲】例1：原文：There are many things you can do to improve the quality of your sleep. First, you should have regular sleep habits. Try to go to bed and wake up around the same time each day. You also need to make your bedroom a cool, d
24、ark, quiet place to sleep so that heat, light and noise do not disturb you. At night, you should also avoid things that contain caffeine, such as chocolate, coffee, tea and many soft drinks, as caffeine may keep you from sleeping.题目：The title: to improve sleep quality: Have regular sleep habitsMake
25、your bedroom cool, dark and quietDont drink anything with caffeine at bedtime例2：原文：Nowadays in school life，a lot of students develop a fear of tests. Its not because tests are something to be afraid of. Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they dont have enough self-confidence and they d
26、ont always think they are well prepared. If you follow the tips below, its not difficult to overcome(克服)your fear of tests. 题目：Title: _ to overcome your fear of tests【巩固练习】例1：In my opinion, cultural differences should simply be seen a way of making his life interesting. Right_towards cultural differ
27、ences. 例2：The program is intended to prevent accidental injuries and deaths. _ of the program 【知识梳理5】任务型阅读理解解题注意事项审大题审小题审格式即看清楚答题要求，尤其是 “注意”后的具体要求：每个空格只能填1个单词。认真阅读表格及其中的内容，注意其横向、纵向的类别规律和表达方式。 句子类 短语类 任务型阅读题为主观性试题，答题一定要符合题目要求、句子结构要求、同类或同栏表达一致性要求；要注意大小写、字迹等细节问题，以规范答题，求得最佳解题效果。 1.江苏省常州市2015届高三第一次模拟英语试题
28、 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。 Human capital(资金) flight, more commonly referred to as “brain drain”, is the large-scale emigration(移民) of a large group of individuals with technical skills or knowledge. Although the term originally referred to technology workers leaving a nat
29、ion, the meaning has broadened into the departure of educated and professional people from one country, economic sector, or field for another, usually for better pay or living conditions. Brain drain is usually regarded as an economic cost, since emigrants usually take with them the part of value of
30、 their training sponsored by the government or other organizations. The contrary phenomenon is “brain gain”, which occurs when there is a large-scale immigration of technically qualified persons. The term itself was coined by the Royal Society(英国皇家学会) to describe the emigration of “scientists and te
31、chnologists” to North America from post-war Europe. Another source indicates that this term was first used in the United Kingdom to describe the influx(流入) of Indian scientist and engineers. The reasons usually include two aspects which respectively(分别地) come from countries and individuals. In terms
32、 of countries, the reasons may be social environment such as lack of opportunities, political instability, economic depression, health risks, etc. in source countries and rich chances, political stability and freedom, developed economy, better living conditions, etc. in host countries. In terms of i
33、ndividual reasons, there is family influence(overseas relatives ), and personal preference: preference for exploring, ambition for an improved career, etc. Brain drain is common amongst developing nations, where marketable skills were not financially rewarded. With rapid GDP growth and a higher degr
34、ee of openness towards the rest of the world, China has also been facing brain drain. There has been upsurge in Chinese emigration to Western countriesparticularly the United States, Canada and Australiasince the mid-first decade of the 21st century. China became the biggest worldwide contributor of
35、 emigrants in 2007. According to the official Chinese media, 65,000 Chinese secured immigration or permanent resident status(地位) in the United States, 25,000 in Canada and 15,000 in Australia. The largest group of emigrants consists of professionals and experts with a middle-class background, who ar
36、e the backbone(骨干) for the development of China. However, in recent years, Chinas rapid development and the increasing number of international companies registering to do business in China have led many Chinese living abroad to swap their lives there for a new life back in China. According to the go
37、vernment statistics, more than 130 thousand people came back in 2010, and more in the following years. Better jobs, special government policies and more chances to make use of the experience and skills gained abroad have made the future look bright indeed for the overseas Chinese coming home.Brain D
38、rain: A Special Phenomenon Across the WorldPassage outlineSupporting details(71)_Originally referring to large-scale emigration of (72)_and knowledgeable individuals for better pay or living conditions.Broadened into the departure of professional people who received good (73)_from one country, econo
39、mic sector, or field for another.Regarded as an economic cost.(74)_ of the termFirst used in the UK, one (75)_the emigration of “scientists andtechnologists” to North America from post-war(76)_countries; another the influx of Indian scientist and engineers.ReasonsFrom countries: social environment i
40、n the countries which (77)_ from “brain drain”. From individuals: family influence and personal preference.Brain drain in ChinaThere has been an increase in Chinese emigration to Western countries since 2005.China(78)_ the most to brain drain worldwide in 2007, with 65, 000 to the United States, 25,
41、000 to Canada and 15,000 to Australia, (79)_ of whom were professionals and experts with a middle-class background.However, recently more and more Chinese overseas are (80)_ home thanks to the better jobs, special government policies and more chances to make use of the experience and skills gained a
42、broad in their home country.2.南京市、盐城市2016届高三年级第一次模拟考试英语试题请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：请将答案写在答题卡上相应题号的横线上。每个空格只填1个单词。 Animal feed is the biggest cost for most cattle producers. In the United States, the cost of hay, grains and other feed has risen sharply because of a drought. At the sam
43、e time, wildfires this year burned more than a million hectares of North American rangeland(牧场). Jack Field raises cattle in the northwestern state of Washington. To save money, he has made plans to truck his small herd of cows three hundred kilometers to feed on crop stubble. Crop stubble is what r
44、emains after crops have been harvested. Moving his cattle from farm to farm costs money and time. But he says if he can avoid feeding them hay, he can still make a profit. Tim DelCurto is a beef scientist at Oregon State University. He is working with ranchers(牧场主) and feedlot owners to help them fi
45、nd lower cost ways to feed cattle. He says cattle can eat things like grass-seed straw and distillers grains. These grains are left over from ethanol(乙醇) fuel production. He says cattle can also eat cannery waste and items rejected by vegetable processors-like misshapen green beans, carrots, even French fries. Now I think one of the unique qualities of beef cattle-and sheep would fit this, too-is that they can virtually digest anything. The rising cost of feed has led agricultural research universities