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1、动词和动词短语 讲义.高三英语一轮复习考点剖析-动词和动词短语考点一：动词词义辨析但U 1. Effective measures should be taken to endangered animals to ensure that more species don t become extinct.A. advocateB. reserveC. accumulateD. preserve【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：应该采取有效措 施保护濒危动物，以确保更多的物种不会灭绝。A. advocate v.拥护;B. reserve v.保留；C. accumulate v.积累,
2、积聚； D. preserve v.保护。结合句意可知，此处是指保护濒危动 物。故选D。考点二：“动词+副词”短语辨析彳列 2. China is working hard to the full potentialof higher education and will move faster to build world-class universities.【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们不能再推迟 买新车了。我们现有的这辆今天早晨就打不着火。A.putoff 推迟；B. pick up 捡起；C. count on 指望；D. bear on 对施加压力，使难以承受。根据
3、下文The one weve got now just doesnt start in the morning可知，我们现有的这辆车今 天早晨就打不着火，所以不能再“推迟”买新车了。故选 A项。10. The old rules have to be because they onlyapplied to the circumstances that existed when they were made a hundred years ago.A. developed B. establishedC. observed D. revised【答案】D【解析】考查动词的辨析及语境理解。句意：老
4、的规 则需要被修改因为它们只适合一百年前制定时的状况。A 项表示“培养，发展”；B项表示“建立”；C项表示“观察”； D 项正是“修改”之意，because they only applied to 可知 它只适用于以前，不适用于现在，需要修订，故选D。11. As a grassroots singer, she reads everything she can concerning music, and takes every opportunity to improve herself.A. catch sight of B. get hold ofC. take charge of D
5、. make mention of【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：作为一名草根歌 手，她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个 提高自己的机会。A.catch sight of看见；B. Get hold of找至lj 某物以供使用；C.Take charge of 控制；D.make mention of 提至I。根据 takes every opportunity to improve herself.可知， 她阅读能够找到的关于音乐的一切，并且抓住每一个提高 自己的机会。故选Bo12. - Sorry, I have tonow.lt s time for class.-
6、 OK, Ill call back later.A. hang up B. break upC. give up D. hold up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：一对不起，我不 得不挂断电话了，上课的时间到了。一好的，我晚些时候 再打过来。A.hang up挂断电话，使等候；B.break up分 解，关系破裂；C.give up放弃；D. hold up举起，坚持，抢 劫。根据句意可知前者表示要上课了，必须挂断电话了。故A正确。13. （2017 天津）Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter, get marri
7、ed, and have kids.A. settle down B. keep offC. get up D. cut in【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：布朗先生和夫人 想要看到他们的女儿安顿下来，结婚生子。A. settle down 安顿下来;B. keep off远离；C. get up起床；D. cut in插嘴。 根据后文get married, and have kids可推知,是安顿下来, 故选Ao14. Briggs will as general manager when Mitchell retires.A. get away B. take overC. s
8、et off D. run out【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当米切尔退休的 时候，布里格斯将接管总经理的位置。when Mitchell retires 这是时间状语从句，不能用将来时，而用一般现在时来代 替；A. get away 离开;B. take over 接管；C. set off 出发； D. run out用完，耗尽。根据句意，故选B。15. There will still be lots of challenges if we are to garbage in a short time.A. clarify B. justifyC. satisfy D. c
9、lassify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短 时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄 清；B. justify 证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify 分类。根据 空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。16. I never worried about my son while I was away because my mother him.A. drank a toast toB. played a joke onC. kept an eye onD. made an apology to【答案】c【解
10、析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我不在的时候从不 担心我的儿子，因为我母亲会照看他。A. drank a toast to 为干杯；B. played a joke on 开的玩笑；C. kept an eye on照看，留意，密切注视；D. made an apology to向道歉。因为母亲会“照看”我的儿子，所以“我”不在的时候从来不担心孩子。c选项符合语境，故选C。17. We can t buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn t work.A. take up B. carry outC. keep on
11、D. put off【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台 新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. takeup占据；B. carry out 实施;C. keep on 继续；D. put off 推迟。根据 “the one we have doesnJ twork”可知，我们平时用的打印机不 运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不 能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。18. We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she , saying that she felt like walking.A. under
12、stood B. acceptedC. compromised D. declined【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她 拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood理解；B. accepted 接受；C. compromised 妥协；D. declined 谢绝。根据 saying that she felt like walking” 可知，Sharon 想自己回家，所以 她“谢绝” 了我们的提议。故选D。19. The company is willing to the newtechnology if it can be shown to
13、reduce production costs.A. look over B. bring inC. put aside D. knock out【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果能够证明新 技术能降低生产成本，公司愿意引进。A. look over检查， 察看；B. bring in引进；C. put aside JE放在一边，暂不考虑；D. knock out 击倒，打破。根据 “if it can be shown to reduce production costs.,可知，此处指公司引进新技术， 故选Bo20. When people want to expand the
14、ir knowledge, they usually books that offer useful information.A. point to B. turn toC. attend to D. belong to【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当人们想要 扩展他们的知识时，他们通常求助于提供有用信息的书籍。A. point to 指向；B. turn to 求助于；C. attend to 照顾;D. belong to 属于。由 “When people want to expand their knowledge, offer useful information.”
15、可矢口，turn to“求助于“ 符合句意。故选B项。21. It s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it s important to a good map before you set out.A. study B. displayC. deliver D. publish【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你在一个陌生 的城市开车时很容易迷路，所以在出发前仔细看一张好地 图是很重要的。A. study细看；B. display展示；C. deliver投 递；D. publish 出版。由 “It s easy
16、 to get lost when you drive in a new city, before you set out”可矢口，study “细看”符 合句意。故选A项。22. A city is the product of the human hand and mind, man s intelligence and creativity.A. resembling B. reflectingC. reviewing D. restoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：城市是人类的双 手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。A. resembling 像；B. refle
17、cting 反映；C. reviewing 回顾；D. restoring 恢复。 故选B符合语境。23. More wind power stations will to meet thedemand for clean energy.A. take up B. clear upC. hold up D. spring up【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。句意：为了满足对清洁能源 的需求，更多的风力发电站将会被建立起来。A. take up开 始从事，占领，开始干（工作）；B. clear up整理，收拾， 解决（问题）；C. hold up （论点、理论等）站得住脚，阻挡， 举起;D. s
18、pring up出现,涌现。故选D。24. Kate heard a mans voice in the background, but she couldn t what he was saying.A. set aside B. take backC. make out D. keep off【答案】c【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中 有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。A. set aside 存储，留出；B. take back收回，拿回；C.make out辨认出，理解，了解；D. keep off （使）避开。根据but可推知，凯 特应该是听不清。故选C。25 W
19、orking with the medical team in Africa has the best in her as a doctor.A. held outB. brought outC. picked outD. given out【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：与非洲的医疗团 队合作，使她成为最佳医生。A. held out坚持，伸出；B. brought out 使显示;C. picked out 挑出；D. given out 分发， 用尽。故选B项。26.12018 江苏】Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a
20、 systematic project which a clear road mapand timetable.A. calls for B. calls onC. calls off D. calls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意： 发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统 工程。A. calls for 需要;B. calls on 号召；C. calls off 取消； D. calls up使想起。故选A。27. 2018 Kids shouldn t have access to violent films because they might
21、 the things they see.A. indicate B. investigateC. imitate D. innovate【答案】c【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：孩子 不应该接触暴力电影，因为他们也许会模仿他们所见的事 情。A. indicate 指示；B. investigate 调查;C. imitate 模仿； D. innovate 改革。故选 C。28. 2018 天津】It took him a long time to the skills he needed to become a good dancer.A. display B. acquireC
22、. teach D. test【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：他花 了很长时间才获得了成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需的技能。A display 显示；B. acquire 获得;C. teach 教；D. test 测试。 故选Bo29. （2018 天津）At first Robert wouldn t let hisA. take inB. set asideC. bring outD. give away【答案】c【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：中国正在努力充 分发挥高等教育的潜力，加快建设世界一流大学。A. take in 吸收;B. set aside搁置;C. brin
23、g out使显现,使特点或品 质更加突出；D. give away赠送。根据后文“the full potential of higher education可知，此处指中国正在努力充分发挥 高等教育的潜力，故选C。考点三：“动词+介词+名词”短语辨析例 3. The lake has been there for many years. No one knows exactly how and when it.A. came into powerB. came into beingC. came into viewD. came into fashion【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句
24、意：这个湖在那里已 经很多年了。没有人确切知道它是如何以及何时产生的。daughter go diving, but eventually he as she was soconfidence about her skills.A. gave in B. dressed upC. broke in D. turned up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意： 起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因 为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步; B. dressed up 打扮；C. broke in 闯入;打断；D. turned up 出现。
25、根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知,最终他让步了。故选A。30. I hate it when she calls me at work一I m always too busy to a conversation with her.A. carry on B. break intoC. turn down D. cut off【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我讨厌她在上班 的时候给我打电话。我总是太忙了不能和她进行谈话。 A.carry on 进行；B.break into 破门而入;C.turn down 拒
26、绝， 声音调低；D.cut off切断。根据前文说我太忙了，所以可 知是不能进行通话，too.to.,意为“太而不能”，故选AoA. came into power 掌权;B. came into being 形成, 存在; C. came into view 进入视野；D. came into fashion 流行起来。 根据句意可知，此处是指没人确切知道湖是如何以及何时 形成的。故选B。考点四：“动词+介词”短语辨析彳列 4. Peter can t concentrate on his work recently.一Yes, that might why he made a big mi
27、stakein preparing for the meeting.A. allow forB. apply forC. account forD. call for【答案】c【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一一彼得最 近不能专注于他的工作。一一是的，这也许可以解释为什 么他在准备会议时犯了一个大错误。A. allow for考虑到； B. apply for 申请；C. account for 是的说明；D. call for要求。分析句子结构可知，此空位于情态动词之后，所以 使用动词原形，结合句意可知，此处表示“是的解释” 应为account for符合句意。故选C项。考点五：情态动词
28、用法辨析彳列 5. Tony, is that Mr. Black over there?be一I knew that he had gone to England. Ithim.A. mightB. couldC. cantD. must【答案】c【解析】本题考查情态动词辨析。might “可能”， 表示不太肯定的推测；could “可以”，表示建议；cant ”不 可能”，表示否定的推测；must “一定，肯定”，表示肯定 的推测。由 “I knew that he had gone to England.” 可知，布 莱克先生已经去了英国，所以不可能是他。情态动词的否 定推测应用can
29、t。句意：一一托尼，那是布莱克先生吗? 我知道他已经去了英国。不可能是他。故答案选Co考点六：系动词的用法快U 6. Some of my friends eat with their eyes. They prefer to order whatnice.Aha, me too!A.tastesB. feelsC. looksD. smells【答案】c【解析】考查系动词用法。根据前一句提示“我的一 些朋友喜欢靠视觉吃饭”可知，此处指他们喜欢点那些“看 起来”好看的食物。真题演练1. If we continue to environmental problems,we will regre
30、t it sooner or later.A. highlight B. identifyC. ignore D. prevent【答案】c【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们继续忽 视环境问题，我们迟早会后悔的。A. highlight突出；强调； B. identify 辨认；识别；C. ignore 忽视；D. prevent 阻止。 由句意可知对于环境问题我们迟早会后悔，而这一切都是 因为我们对环境问题的忽视。故选C项。2. Some parents are just too protective. They want to their kids from every kind o
31、f damage, real or imagined.A. spot B. dismissC. shelter D. distinguish【答案】c【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有些父母太过保 护孩子了。他们想保护自己的孩子免受各种伤害，不管是 真实的还是想象的。A. spot发现；B. dismiss解散;C. shelter 保护；D. distinguish 区别。根据后文 “their kids from every kind of damage, real o门magined”指保护孩子免受伤害，应 用 sheltero 故选 C。3. Although a few have c
32、ome and gone, the restaurants regular customers have the same for nearly 40 years.A. stayed B. turnedC. grown D. got【答案】A【解析】考查系动词动词词义辨析。句意：虽然有一 些人来了又走了，但这家餐厅的老顾客已经光顾这家店近 40 年了。A.stayed 保持；B.turned 变成（某种颜色）；C.grown 变得；D.got 变成。根据“the restaurants regular customers v 以及“the same for nearly 40 years”可知
33、，这家餐厅的老顾 客已经光顾这家店近40年了。stay “保持”，表示老顾客保持40年不变。故选A项。4. I wanted to make dumplings but found I had flour; so I went out to buy some.A. made up forB. run out ofC. kept away fromD. got down to【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我想包饺子，但 发现我的面粉用完了，所以我出去买了一些。A. made up for 弥补；B. run out of 用完，用尽；C. kept away from 远离， 回避；
34、D. got down to开始认真做。结合句意，此处指“用 完” 了面粉。故选B。5. As the story, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.A. begins B. happensC. ends D. develops【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“随着故事的发展， 这个神秘数字的真相渐渐地被发现了。begin”开始；happen “发生”;end “结束”;develop “发展”。由后面题干中的“is slowly discovered”得出该单词应该是一个延续性的动 词，而ABC选项均为
35、非延续性动词。故选D。6. If youfaults but you st川 want the bicycle,ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A. come across B. care aboutC. look for D. focus upon【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果你发现你想 要买的这辆自行车有瑕疵，但是你仍想买这辆，就让店员 降价。come across发现，碰到；care about在乎，关心; look for寻找；focus upon集中注意力于。根据句意可知, 发现了瑕疵，但仍旧想买这两自行车，可以请
36、店员降价。 故正确答案为A项。7. Henry David Thoreau was happy to fromsocial life, seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life.A. judge B. differC. withdraw D. benefit【答案】c【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：亨利大卫梭 罗乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，在平静的生活中寻求与自然的和谐关系。A.judge判断;B. differ不同；C. withdraw 抽身，撤退；D. benefit有益于。根据后文
37、“seeking a harmonious relationship with nature in the quietness of his life”可知Henry David Thoreau在平静的生活中寻求与自然 的和谐关系，所以他乐于从社交生活中抽身出来，withdraw from “离开”。故选C。8. Before leaving America, she much of her furniture to friends and enjoyed letting them have the piece they had liked.A. picked up B. gave awayC
38、. put down D. set aside【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在离开美国之前， 她把大部分家具都送给了朋友，并乐意让她们挑选自己喜 欢的那件。A.picked up 捡起;B.gave away 赠送;C.put down 放下D.setaside置于不顾。根据句意，离开美国之前，她把家具“赠送”给朋友。故选B。9. We cantbuying a new car any longer. Theone weve got now just doesnt start in the morning.A. put off B. pick upC. count on D. bear on