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1、考点3-细节理解之细节排序题-练模拟-熟能生巧1.12022届青海省西宁市高考二模】Fat and shy, Ben Saunders was the last kid in his class picked for any sports team. Football, tennis, cricket anything with a round ball, I was useless, he says now with a laugh. But back then he was the one always made fun of in school gym classes in Devons
2、hire, England.It was a mountain bike he received for his 15lh birthday that changed him. Al first he went hiking alone in a nearby forest. Then he began to ride the bike along with a runner friend. Gradually, Saunders set his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength. A( the ag
3、e of 18, he ran his first marathon.The following year, he met John Ridgway and was hired as an instructor at Ridgwhys School of Adventure in Scotland, where he learned about Ridgways cold-water exploits. Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, ihen d
4、ecided that this would be his future.In 2001, after becoming a skillful skier, Saunders started his first long-distance expedition (探险)towards the North Pole. It took unbelievable energy. He suffered frostbite (冻疮),ran into a polar bear land pushed his body to (he limit, pulling his supply-loaded sl
5、ed (告橇)up and over rocky ice.Saunders has become the youngest person to ski alone to the North Pole, and hes skied more of the North Pole by himself than any other British man. His old playmates would not believe the change.Next October, Saunders, 27, heads south from the coast of Antarctica to the
6、South Pole and back, a 2900-kilome(re journey (hat has never been completed on skis.4. What change happened to Saunders after he was 15 years old?A. He joined a sports team.B. He began to build up his body.C. He became good at most sports.D. He made friends with a runner.5. The underlined word explo
7、its (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning (o.A. journeysB. researchesC. adventuresD. operations6. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to Saunders?a. He ran his first marathon.b. He skied alone in the North Pole.c. He rode his bike in a forest.d. He planned an advent
8、ure to the South Pole.A. aedbB. edabC. aebdD. cabd7. What does the story mainly tell us about Saunders? to less than RMB 20（） per session（每个时间段是四个小时，起价229元。如果你购买一个25 个时间段的套餐，你需要先支付4999元，但最终每节个时间段的费用不到200元）”可知， 每个时间段可节省的钱数超过29元，那么25个时间段的套餐可以节省的钱数超过725（29x25=725）元。故至少节省726元。故选B,29 .细节理解题。根据第二段中的“This
9、app allows you to hire an ayi to either just clean, or cook + clean + watch kids （这个应用程序允许你雇佣阿姨，要么只是清洁，或做饭+清洁+照看孩 子）”和第三段中的This service also enjoys a reputation with many locals as being professional as well as friendly（这项服务在当地人中享有盛誉，既专业又友好）可知，顾客们可以通过这 项服务雇到专业友好的阿姨来帮忙做家务。故选D。30 .词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“Here a
10、rc step-by-step instructions on how to hire an ayi through the app after youve downloaded it. After completing the registration（以下是下载后如何 通过这款应用雇佣名阿姨的步步的指导。完成注册后）“可知，下载完软件后，要进行 注册。根据“which is easie根这是最容易的）”和“your WeChat account（你的微信账号）”可知,注 册时和微信账号一致，那么注册就非常简单了。match意为“与一致，和相符”。故 选Ao31 .细节理解题。根据最后两段中
11、的“Here are step-by-step instructions on how to hire an ayi through the app after youve downloaded it. After completing the registration, you can choose either the blue button on the left for deep cleaning, or the orange button on （he right for cooking, watching kids, and cleaning.Then click the butt
12、on with the price on it to book your time slot. Click the Buy Now button in the bottom right of the next page and click through （he options until you get to the final page. To ensure how reliable the service is, a short message is always sent to you forconfiimalion（以卜是卜,载后如何通过这款应用雇佣一名阿姨的一步一步的指导。完成 注
13、册后，您可以选择左边的用于深度清洁的蓝色按钮，或者右边的表示烹饪、照看孩子和清 洁的橙色按钮，然后点击上面价格按钮来预订您的时间。点击下一页右下角的“立即购买” 按钮，然后点击所有选项，直到进入最后一页。为了确保服务的可靠性，我们会向您发送一 条短消息进行确认）“可知，利用这个软件雇佣阿姨的步骤为：下载（软件）、注册、选择点 击、确认。故选BoA. He is a success in sports.B. He is the best British skier.C. He is Ridgways favorite student.D. He is a good-instructor at s
14、chool.【答案】4. B5. C6. D7. A【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了 Saunders本来是一个完全不擅长运动的学生，15 岁生日时收到的一辆山地车改变了他，他慢慢成长成一个运动健将，并且成为了独自滑雪到 达北极的最年轻的人。4 .细节理解题。根据第二段中的Gradually, Saunders set his mind on building up his body, increasing his speed and strength.（渐渐地,Saunders下定决心锻炼身体,增加速度和力量）“可 知，Saunders在收到15岁的生日礼物一辆山地自行车后，他改变了，决
15、心要强身健体。 故选B。5 .词句猜测题。根据划线单词后面内容“Greatly interested, Saunders read all he could about North Pole explorers and adventures, then decided that this would be his future.（Saunders 非常感 兴趣，他读了所有他能读到的关于北极探险者和冒险的书，然后决定这就是他的未来户可推 知，前文应该是Saunders 了解到一些关于极寒冒险的事情。由此推知，划线词“探险，冒 险”的意思。故选C。6 .细节理解题。根据文章内容可知，Saunder
16、s的过程是：独自在森林里骑自行车一跑了自 己的第一次马拉松独自在北极滑雪一准备一次去南极的探险活动。故选Do7 .主旨大意题。这篇文章主要讲的是Saunders如何由一个完全不擅长运动的学生变成了一 个滑雪健将，并且成为独自滑雪到达北极的最年轻的人。由此可知，这个故事主要告诉我们 关于Saunders的是，他在体育方面是一个成功的人。故选A。2.【2022届江苏省南京市、盐城市高三下学期第二次模拟】For generations, depression has been seen as an illness, disorder or even weakness. Such an idea ma
17、kes sense because depression causes suffering and even death. But what if weve got it all wrong?The common wisdom is that depression starts in the mind with abnormal thinking. That leads to symptoms like headaches, stomachaches, or tiredness. Now, models like the Polyvagal Theory suggest that weve g
18、ot it backward. Its the body that detects danger and initiates a defense strategy meant to help us survive. That biological strategy is called immobilization, and it demonstrates in the mind and the body with a set of symptoms we call depression.When we think of depression as unnecessary suffering,
19、we are celling people with depression that they are not part of the group, they are not right and they dont belong. That robs them of hope. But when we begin to understand that depression, at least initially, happens for a good reason we lift the shame. Instead, people with depression are courageous
20、 survivors, not damaged sick people.The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is constantly scanning our internal and external environment for signs of danger. If our ANS detects a threat or even a simple lack of safety, its next strategy is the fight or flight response, which we often feel as anxiety. Som
21、etimes the threat is so bad or goes on for so long, that the nervous system decides there is no way to fight or to flee. At that point, there is only one option left: immobilization.The immobilization response is the original biological defense in higher animals. It dulls pain and makes us feel disc
22、onnected. Think of some reptiles (爬行动物),which shut down their bodies to avoid cold temperatures and the lack of food and water. In humans, people often describe feeling “out of their bodies1 during extremely unpleasant events, which has a defensive effect of reducing the emotional shock. This is imp
23、ortant because some things are so terrible, we dont want people to be fully present when they happen. What incredible capacity of our biology to find a way in hard times!12. Why does the author mention the Polyvagal Theory?A. To offer a standard for identify ing depression.B. To raise peoples awaren
24、ess of mental problems.C. To make sense of how depression affects people.D. To correct a commonly held idea about depression. 13. What can we infer from paragraph 3?A. Depression can bring people in crisis hope.B. People may feel it wrong to have depression.C. Depression is an unnecessary human emot
25、ion.D. People often feel proud of fighting depression. 14. What is “immobilization” in the text?A. Building up anxiety.B. Rising to challenges.C. Shutting down action.D. Pulling through a crisis.15. In which order does our body react to an extremely unpleasant situation? seek to work out solutions b
26、ecome aware of a threat experience emotional shock start defensive disconnectionA.B.C.D. 【答案】12. D13. BI4. C15. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了抑郁症并非如大多人所想的那样是给人带来痛苦的， 相反它是一种自我保护机制。12.细节理解题。根据第二段“Now, models like the Polyvagal Theory suggest that weve got it backward.-（现在，像迷走神经理论这样的模型表明我们把它弄反了。）可知，提到这个理 论证明我们将抑郁症
27、理解反了，所以这个理论是用来纠正我们对抑郁症的既有观点。故选Do 13.推理判断题。根据第三段“When we think of depression as unnecessary suffering, we are telling people with depression that they arc not part of the group, they arc not right and they dont belong. That robs them of hope. （当我们认为抑郁症是不必要的痛苦时，我们就是在告诉抑 郁症患者，他们不属于这个群体，他们是不对的，他们不属于这个群体
28、。这剥夺了他们的希 望。）可知，这是人们对抑郁症通常的看法，所以人们往往会认为得抑郁症是一件不好的事 情，故选B。14 .词义猜测题。根据最后一段It dulls pain and makes us feel disconnected.”（它能减轻痛苦, 让我们感到疏离。）以及“Think of some rep我es （爬行动物）,which shut down their bodies to avoid cold temperatures and the lack of food and water. n（想想一些爬行动物，它们关闭自己的 身体以避免寒冷的温度和缺乏食物和水。）可知，imm
29、obilization这个词的大概意思可以得到 推断，就是减少活动，减少与周围人的接触，故选C。15 .细节理解题。根据第四段“If our ANS detects a threat or even a simple lack of safety, its next strategy is the fight or Hight response, which we often feel as anxiety. Sometimes the threat is so bad or goes on for so long, that the nervous system decides there
30、is no way to fight or to flee. At that point, there is only one option left: immobilization.M（如果我们的 ANS 检测到威胁,甚至 是简单的缺乏安全感，它的下一个策略就是战斗或逃跑反应，我们通常会感到焦虑。有时威 胁太严重或持续时间太长，以致神经系统决定没有办法战斗或逃跑。在这一点上，只剩下一 个选择:固化。）以及第五段“In humans, people often describe feeling “out of their bodiesduring extremely unpleasant ev
31、ents, which has a defensive effect of reducing the emotional shock.（在人 类中，人们经常描述在极度不愉快的事件中“欣喜若狂的感觉，这具有减少情绪冲击的防御 作用。）可知，我们的身体对个极其不愉快的情况的反应顺序是检测到威胁下个策 略就是战斗或逃跑反应感受到情绪冲击防御。故选C。3.12022届山东省枣庄市高考二模】A carbon capturing device, called Orca, began operating in Iceland in September. The machine was invented an
32、d made by a Swiss company called Climeworks. The name comes from the Icelandic word orka which means energy.Orca can pull carbon dioxide out of the air and send it deep into the ground, where it is turned into stone. The device is made up of four sections which look like giant air conditioners stack
33、ed together. Each section contains 12 large fans that suck air from outside into steel compartments.Inside, the air passes through a filter （过滤器）which gathers the carbon dioxide. Il is then heated to a high temperature so the carbon dioxide can be collected from the filter. Then, the carbon dioxide
34、is mixed with water and put deep in the ground into a type of rock called basalt. Basalt causes the carbon dioxide mixture to turn into stone after two or three years.Orca is an experimental device. It was built to demonstrate that it is possible to permanently remove carbon dioxide from the atmosph
35、ere. 1( can remove 4, 000 metric tons of carbon dioxide from the air each year. Thats about the same amount as the emissions produced by 85() cars in a year. In order to remove enough carbon dioxide to make a big difference to global warming, much larger devices like Orca would have to be built in m
36、any countries around the world.Some environmental activists say governments should spend more time and money on reducing the amount of greenhouse gas we produce each year, instead of investing in carbon capture methods. But others say that, in order for countries to meet their goal of net zero emiss
37、ions by 2050, (hey will need to do both: reduce new emissions and remove the carbon dioxide already in the air.12. Whats the purpose of designing Orca?A. To conserve energy.B. To achieve zero emissions.C. lb protect natural resources.D. To remove carbon dioxide in the air.13. What does the underline
38、d word “it” refer to in Paragraph 2?A. Orca.B. The basalt. C. The air.D. Carbon dioxide.14. How does Orca work?a. Sucking the air.b. Collecting the carbon dioxide.c. Mixing with water. d. Filtering and heating.e. Putting into the ground.A. a, d, b, c, e B. a, c, d, b, e C. a, d, c, b, e D. a, b, c,
39、d, e15. Why are some environmentalists not in favor?A. Reducing emissions is more important.B. It might result in new pollution.C. The technology is not mature.D. Il doesnt work efficiently.【答案】12. DI3. D14. A15. A【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞士公司制造的名为Orca的碳捕捉设备，并详细 说明了其工作原理和一些环保人士对它的看法。12 .推理判断题。根据第二段中“Orca c
40、an pull carbon dioxide out of the air and send it deep into the ground, where it is turned into stone.（Orca可以从空气中吸收二氧化碳,并将其送入地下深 处，在那里它会变成石头）可推知，设计Orca的目的是去除空气中的二氧化碳。故选D项。13 .词句猜测题。根据第三段中“Orca can pull carbon dioxide out of the air and send jt deep into the ground, where it is turned into stone. （Or
41、ca可以从空气中吸收二氧化碳，并将它送入地下深 处，在那里它会变成石头）和指代关系可知，代词it指的是上文提到的“carbon dioxide。故 选D项。14 .细节理解题。根据第三段中“Inside, the air passes through a filter (过滤器)which gathers the carbon dioxide. Il is (hen heated to a high temperature so the carbon dioxide can be collected from the filter. Then, the carbon dioxide is mi
42、xed with water and put deep in the ground into a type of rock called basalt.(在设备里，空气通过一个可以收集二氧化碳的过滤器。然后将收集到的二 氧化碳加热到很高的温度，这样二氧化碳就可以从过滤器中聚积。然后，将二氧化碳与水混 合，并放入地下深处一种叫做玄武岩的岩石中厂可知，Orca的工作过程是：先吸入空气，对 其过滤并加热收集到的二氧化碳，完成二氧化碳的收集，与水混合，最后存入地下。故选A 项。15 .推理判断题。根据最后一段Some environmental activists say governments sh
43、ould spend more time and money on reducing the amount of greenhouse gas we produce each year, instead of investing in carbon capture methods.(一些环保人士说，政府应该把更多的时间和金钱花在减 少我们每年产生的温室气体上，而不是投资于碳捕获方法)可推知，一些环保人士不支持 Orca,是因为他们认为减少我们每年产生的温室气体更重要。故选A项。4.12022届辽宁省大连市高考联合模拟】The histoiy of microbiology begins wit
44、h a Dutch cloth maker named Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, a man of no formal scientific education. In the late 1600s, Leeuwenhoek, inspired by the magnifying lenses he used to examine cloth, built some of the first microscopes. He developed a technique to improve the quality of tiny, rounded lenses, some
45、of which could magnify an object up to 27() times. After removing sonic plaque from between his teeth and examining it under a lens, Leeuwenhoek found tiny twisting creatures, which he called “animalcules”.His observations, which he reported to the Royal Society of London, are among the first descri
46、ptions of microbes, Leeuwenhoek discovered an entire universe invisible to the human eye. He found different microbes in samples of pond water, rain water, and human blood. He gave the first description of red blood cells, observed plant tissue, examined muscle, and investigated (he life cycle of in
47、sects.Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoeks discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteurs theory later helped doctors to f
48、ight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were (he result of Leeuwenhoeks original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.In a 1716 letter, he described his contribution to science this way: My work, which Ive done f
49、or a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a strong desire fbr knowledge, which I notice resides in me more (han in most other men. And therefore, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that the scienti