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1、中学英语常用介词用法归纳总结介词在英语里出现非常频繁，它的搭配众多且意义丰富。在整个中学阶段，介 词的搭配是同学们感到较为棘手的问题之一。一、ABOUT1 .动词+about+sth.。about在此表示论及,谈起，涉及，着手”等意思:arrange about 安排，argue about 辩论，ask about 询问，bring about 带来，chat about 闲聊，care about 在意，complain about 报怨，go about 着手，hear about 听说,inquire about 打听,know about 了解， quarrel about 争论，r
2、ead about 读至U, see about 负责 处理，set about 开始,speak about 谈起,talk about 谈论,think about 考虑,trouble about担心，tell about讲述，worry about着急。现举例说明其中一些短语的用法：She inquired about my brother.她向我打听有关我兄弟的情况。I must set about my packing.我必须开始收拾行装。What are you chatting about?你们在聊什么呢？2 . be +形容词+about+sth.。about在此意思是“为，
3、对”，接表原因的词：be anxious about为着急,be bad about对感至U不舒月艮，be busy about忙于,be careful about 小心，be certain about 对有把握，be concerned about 关心,be crazy about为发狂,be excited about为感至U激动,be happy about为而高 兴,be mad about 为发疯,be nervous about 对一感至U紧张，be particular about 拟K 易ij,be pleased about 为兴奋,be strict about 对严
4、格,be thoughtful about 对 考虑周到的，be uneasy about为感受到不安。请看例句：What have you been busy about today?今天在忙些什么？You are certainly very thoughtful about others.你为别人想得太周至U 了。r m strict about such things.对这些事我是很严格的。Business has to be attended to.有事要办。An idea occurred to me.我想出一个办法。b)动词(+sth.)+to+sb.。下列动词不能直接带间接宾语
5、sb.,要接间接宾语时须在动 词后加介词to： announce to通知某人,describe to向某人描述,explain to向某人解 释,express to对某人表达,mention to提及,nod to向某人点头,report to报告,say to告知,shout to对某人大叫，suggest to对某人提建议,speak to与某人交谈,talk to 跟某人谈话,whisper to和某人低声耳语。例如：She suggested to me one or two suitable people for the committee.她跟我向委员会推 举了一两个合适的人选
6、。c)动词+sth./sb.+to+sth./sb.。此时介词to可译成“到，于，给”等意思：add to 增加，compare to 比作，carry to 运送至，devote to 致力于,introduce to 介绍给,invite to邀请参加,join to连接到，leave to委托给,reduce to下降至，sentence to判处，take to带到。例如：Please add a piece of candy to coffee.请给咖啡加块糖。Poets like to compare life to stage.诗人喜欢把人生比作舞台。2 . be +形容词/过去
7、分词+ tooto的意思是“对”:be alive to觉察；晓得,be attentive to注意；留心，be awake to 知晓，be blind to 缺乏眼光,be close to 紧挨着，be common to对某人来说很普通,be contrary to违反；反对,be devoted to致九be deaf to不 愿意听,be equal to有的力量,be exposed to暴露；遭受,be fair to对公平,be familiar to对某人来说熟悉,be grateful to对某人心存感激,be good to对有好处, be harmful to 对有
8、危害,be important to 对重要,be kind to 友好对待,be known to 周知于,be married to 嫁给,be moved to 转移到,be near to 靠近,be necessary to 对有必要,be opposite to在对面,be opposed to反对,be pleasant to合某人之意， be proper to 专属，be polite to 礼貌待人,be rude to粗暴对待,be relative to 与有关, be strange to 不习惯,be similar to 类似,be suitable to 适合,
9、be true to 忠实,be thankful to 感激,be useful to 对有用,be used to 习惯。例如：Are you alive to what is going on?你注意到发生什么事了吗？The old man was not equal to the situation,那老人不能应付这种情况。His house is opposite to mine.他的房子在我的房子对面。3 .to+名词构成的词组有：to a degree在某种程度上，to date到现在为止,to one s feet 总兆起来，to one s mind 照看来，to one s
10、 surprise 使吃,原,to one s taste 符合胃口，to oneself独自享用,to order定做,to the letter不折不扣地,to the point 中肯地。注:come about发生，get about (疾病、谣言)流行，turn about转身, leave about到处乱放，lie about随便堆放，put about打扰;传播，put oneself about使发愁。这些词组中about作副词，此时about不能接宾语。二、AFTER1 .动词+ after。介词after有“追赶，问候，效仿”之意:ask after问候，be after
11、 寻求,do(sth.)after 学着做，go after 设法得到，inquire after 问候,look after 寻找 jun after追求,seek after追逐,take after长得像。例如：Every afternoon he called to ask after his girl friend.他每天下午都打电话问候他的 女朋友。The boy takes after his father.这男孩长得像他父亲。The dogs went after the wounded deer. 一群狗在追赶那只受伤的鹿。2 .after构成的其它短语。after在不同的短
12、语中意思各异：after a little/moment/while 过了一会，after all 毕竟,after dark 天黑以后，after one s heart 合的心，after school 放学后，after service 售后服务，after the fashion 勉 强，day after day 日复一日，one after another一个接一个，year after year 年复一 年。例如：Don, t be too strict with him. After all he is still a child.不要太苛刻了，毕竟他还是个孩子。He can
13、speak and write English after a fashion.他多少会说和写一点英语，但不太好。三、AT1.动词+at。at表示“指向某一目标，到达某地”：arrive at抵达,c表at访问某地, catch at(it)当场抓住，come at攻击，fire at向开火,glance at瞟一眼，glare at怒目而 视，grieve at 忧伤，knock at 敲 Jaugh at 嘲笑，look at 看一眼，pull at 拉扯，rejoice at 对高兴，smile at向某人微笑,shoot at朝射击,stare at怒目而视,thrust at刺向,
14、tear at 撕，tremble at 颤抖，wonder at 吃惊，work at 工作。例如：Don, t let me catch you again at it.不要再让我当场逮住你。We must shoot the arrow at the targetv .我们必须有的放矢。They trembled at the sight of the peasant s spears.看到农民的梭标，他们阵阵发抖。2 . be +形容词/过去分词+ at。其中at表示“情绪、情感的原因，或对某物具有某 种感情：be angry at恼怒于，be alarmed at对保持警觉,be a
15、stonished at对吃 惊,be bad at 不擅长,be clever at 对某事彳艮灵巧,be delighted at 高兴，be disgusted at 厌恶，be disappointed at 对失望,be good at 擅长，be impatient at 对-不够耐心， be mad at 狂热于,be pleased at 对感到高兴，be present at 出席，be satisfied at 满 意,be surprised at吃惊,be shocked at对非常震惊,be terrified at受到的恐吓,be quick at对很机敏。例如：T
16、hey were overjoyed at his return to work.他们对他重返工作感到欣喜。They are alarmed at the growth of the liberation movement in the colonies.他们对殖民地日益壮大的解放运动警觉起来。3 .at+名词构成的词组：at a distance在一定距离，at a loss不知所措，at a time 一次，at all 一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best最好也只是， at first起初，at hand手头，at heart在内心里，at home在家；无拘束，
17、at last最 后，atleast至少，atmost最多，atonce马上，atpresent目前，atsea不知所措， at times有时，at will任意地，at work起作用，at worst最坏。4其它含有at的短语：work hard at勤奋工作，drop in at顺路拜访。四、FOR1 .动词+fora）动词+for。for表原因、目的：account for解释；说明，answer for对负责,apply for申请；请求,apologize for为而道歉,beg for请求,call for要求,care for在意, enter for报名参加,fight f
18、or 为而战,hope for 希望,inquire for 查询；求见,leave for 离开某地到另一地,look for寻找,long for盼望,mistake for误认为,plan for计划做 某事,prepare for为作准备,provide for为提供,reach for伸手去拿,run for竞选, stand for 象征,search for 搜寻,send for 派人去请,speak for 陈述意见、愿望,take for 当作,wish for希望,wait for等待。例如：His illness accounts for his absence.他因病
19、缺席。The baby reached for the apple but couldn t reach it.那婴儿伸手去苹果，但够不着。He who would search for pearls must dive below.要想找到珍珠，必须潜到海底。b）动词+sb.+for+sth.。for表示原因或目的：ask for要求得到,blame for因责备, excuse for 宽恕，forgive for 谅解，pardon for 原谅,pay for 花钱买，praise for 称赞， punish for对进行惩罚,push for催逼，reward for酬谢,than
20、k for对表示谢意。 例如：Please excuse me for my being late.靖：原谅我的迟至ll。Forgive me for my keeping you waiting. 请见谅, 让你久等 了。2 . be +形容词+for。for表作用、目的、对人或物有某种情绪等：be anxious for急 于做,be eager for 渴望,be bad for 有害于,be convenient for 便于,be good for 利于， be famous for 以 出名,be fit for 适合于，be grateful for 对一心存感激,be impa
21、tient for 对不耐烦,be late for 迟至U, be necessary for 有必要,be ready for 作好准备,be sorry for 为一而后f每,be responsible for 对负责,be suitable for 适合于,be unfit for 不适合,be useful for对有作用。例如：He is eager for success.他渴望成功。The government is responsible for the nation s welfar已政府负责民众的福利。3 .for+名词构成的词组：for all尽管，for a son
22、g非常便宜地，for certain确切地， for company 陪着，for ever 永远，for example 例如，for fear 以免，for fair 肯定地， for free 免费，for fun 为了好玩，for good 永远，for instance 比方，for luck 祝福， for life 终身，for long 长久，for nothing 白白地，for once 有生第一次，for oneself 替自己，for pleasure为了消遣，for reason因为理由，for sale供出售，for shame 真不害臊，for short简称，f
23、or sport好玩，for sure确切地。4 .动词+副词/名词+for构成的短语:be in for将遇到，make up for弥补，go in for 从事，1 o ok out for 提防，take sth. for granted 把当作理所当然,have an ear for 音感好,have a gift for有某方面的天赋。五、FROM1 .动词+froma）动词+ from。from表示“来源、原因、起始”等：come from来自,date from追 溯，depart from 违背，die from 死于，escape from 逃出,fall from 自跌落
24、，hang from 垂挂,hear from收到来信Jearn from向某人学习，return from自某地返回,rise from 自冒出，result from起因于,suffer from忍受。例如：All the characters in the book are drawn from real life.书中所有的人物都来自于真 实的生活。Any damage resulting from negligence must be paid for by the borrower. 因疏忽弓I 起的任何损坏都应由借用者负责赔偿。He has recovered from his
25、surprise.他好不容易回过神来。b）动词 + sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a placeo from 表示“来源、免于”等：borrow from 向借，choose from 选 自，excuse from 免除，keep from 阻止做,prevent from 不准做, protect from 不受之害，receive from 收至（remove from 移动； 除去，save from 保 全；拯救，separate from分离开来,stop from阻止。例如：He was excused from attendance at the le
26、cture.他获准可不去听课。Stop the child from spoiling the book.不要让孩子弄坏 了 书。2 . be + 形容词 + from。止匕时 from 含义众多：be absent from 缺席,be different from 与众不同，be far from更不用说,be hidden from躲避,be made from用制成,be tired from因而疲倦。例如：The boy can, t walk and is far from running.那男孩不会走路，更不用说跑了。3 .fromto。本短语表示从一种状态到另一状态的变化或从到
27、：from bad to worse 每况愈下，from beginning to end 自始至终，from cover to cover 从头到尾， from China to Peru 至U处,from day to day 一天一天上也,from door to door 挨家挨户， from end to end 从头至尾，from first to last 自始至终，from hand to mouth 勉强糊 冢琮 rom head to foot 从头至U 脚，from mouth to mouth 广泛流传，from sun to sun 从日出到日落，from start
28、 to finish从头开始,from top to toe从头到脚，from time to time 不时地，from top to bottom 彻底地。六、IN1. .动词+ina）动词+ in。in在短语中的含义异常丰富:believe in信任,break in碎成,bring in 引起；产生；带来,call in下令收回，fill in填充,get in收获,hand in上缴,involve in 涉及,lie in在于，result in导致,share in共享,succeed in成功,take in卷起；订阅, turn in归还当局。例如：He was so sho
29、rt of money that he had to call in the loans that he had made. 他彳艮缺乏 资金，不得不收回所有的款子。Your failure lies in your laziness.你失败的原因在于懒惰。Orders are given to take in sail.已发布收帆的命令。b）动词+sb./time/money+ in。介词 in 后接（doing） sth.： help sb. in 帮助某人做某 事，spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事,spend time/money in花时间或钱做某 事,wast
30、e time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。例如：She offered to help him in the housekeeping when I am not here.她提出，我不在家时 她可以帮助他料理家务。2. be +形容词+ in。in表示“在某些方面或穿着 ：be active in活跃于,be absorbed in 专心致志，be busy in 忙碌,be born in 出生于,be concerned in 牵涉,be clothed in 穿着,be disappointed in对失望,be diligent in 勤于,be experienced in
31、 在有经验, be employed in 任职于,be engaged in 忙碌,be expert in 某方面的专家,be excellent in 在优秀,be interested in 对有兴趣,be lacking in 缺乏,be rich in 富有,be slow in 迟缓,be successful in 在某方面成功,be skilled in 精于,be strict in 严于,be weak in弱于。例如：She was completely absorbed in her own affairs.她完全专注于自己的事务。More than one pers
32、on has been concerned in this.不只人牵涉至U这件事。3. in +名词。in表示“处于某种状态或在某些方面”等意思：in advance提前,in all总共,in balance总而言之,in bed卧床，in body亲自，in brief简明扼要，in case 万一，in charge 主管，in danger 有危险,in debt 负债，in despair 失望,in force 大量 地；有效,in full 全部地,in flower 开花,in general 一般说来,in itself 本身,in love 恋爱,in order井然有序,
33、in person亲自,in public公开地,in progress有进展,in practice从实践上看,in rags穿着破衣,in research探索，in return作为报答,in ruins 一片废墟,in short总之,in theory从理论上看,in trouble有麻烦，in tears眼泪汪汪,in time及时,in turn按顺序,in vain白白地，in view看得见。注意下列几个词组中的in为副词：check in到达登记，cut in插嘴，count in包 括,draw in时间接近,drop in顺路拜访,give in屈服,pour in源源
34、而来。七、OF1 .动词+ofa）动词+of。of意为“有关，由于“：beg of（sb.）请求某人,complain of抱怨，consist of 由构成,die of 死于,dream of 梦想,hear of 听说,know of 了 解,speak of 谈及, tell of讲到，think of想起,talk of论及。例如：Never has one of them complained of all the trouble we give.从来没有人抱怨我们带 来这么多麻烦。Carbon dioxide consists of carbon and oxygen.二氧化碳由
35、碳、氧两种元素组成。b）动词+sb.+of+sth.。其中of有剥夺,有关”之意:accuseof控告（谴责,非 难）某人,cheat of 骗走,deprive of 剥夺,inform of 汇报,rob of 抢走,remind of 提醒, warn of警告。例如：He has cheated me of my poverty.他骗走 了我的财产。They are deprived of their rights as citizens.他们的公民权者E被录夺了。c）动词+sth.+of+sb.。介词of表动宾关系，后接动作的宾语sb.： request of请求（某人做某事）,re
36、quire of要求得到。例如：All I request of you is that you should come here early.我唯一的请求就是希望你早 点来。You have done all the law requires of you.你做的这一切都是法律对你的要求。2 . be +形容词+ of。of后接表对象或目标的词，这类短语有很多：be aware of 觉察，be ashamed of 以为耻，be afraid of 担心,be bare of 没有，be careful of 小心,be clear of 还清债务,be certain of确信,be c
37、omposed of 由,构成,be envious of 嫉妒,be forgetful of 健忘,be fond of 喜欢,be free of 免于；摆脱,be full of 充满,be guilty of 认罪,be hopeful of 抱有希望,be informed of 汇报,be impatient of 对无耐心,be jealous of 嫉妒,be made of 用制成,be mindful of 留意,be proud of 以为骄傲,be sick of 烦于,be short of 缺乏,be sure of 确信，be tired of 困于,be wo
38、rthy of 值得。3.of+名词构成的词组：of age成年，of choice精选的，of course当然,of late最近， of name 有名的，of oneself 自动地，of purpose 有意地，of use 有用，of values 有 价值的。八、ON1 .动词+ona）动词+on。介词on表示“凭借，产生某结果，接通”等意思：acton对有作 用，bring on 促使；导致,call on 拜访某人,count on 依赖,carry on 执行,depend on 取决feed on以为生,figure on料想；推断,go on继续,have on穿着,i
39、nsist on坚 持,keep on继续，lean on依赖,live on以为生，pull on迅速穿上,put on穿上, switch on接通（电源），take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源），work on操作,wait on侍候。例如：This kind of medicine acts on the heart.这种药对心脏有好处。The fine weather brings on the crops nicely.好天气促使庄稼长势良好。We count on you to help.我们有赖你的帮助。b)动词+sb.(sth.)+on+sb.(sth
40、.)。on的意思是“以，对，在某方面“：base on 以为基础，congratulate on 恭贺，fix on 固定，have mercy on 怜悯,have pity on 怜 惜,keep watch on监视,spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。例如：Theory should be based on practice.理论联系实际。Congratulate on your success in the competition.恭喜你竞赛获得成功。2 .be+形容词+on 的词组:be dependent on 依赖,be hard on 对某人苛刻,be impressed
41、 on对印象深刻,be keen on渴望,be strict on对严格。例如：We can t just be dependent on our parents.我们不能只依赖父母。He is keen on going abroad.他渴望出国。3.on+名词构成的词组：on表示处于某种状态或在某个方位：on board乘(车，飞 机),on call 听候召唤,on duty 值班,on earth 到底,on fire 着火,on foot 步行，on guard 在岗，on hire 雇用，on holiday 度假，on leave 休假，on one s knees 跪下,on
42、 one, s way 在的路上,on purpose 故意，on sale 待售，on shore 在岸上,on time 准 时,on the move 行动,on the other hand 另方面,on the spot 当场,on the tip of one s tongue快要说出口，on top of在的顶部，on watch值班。九、TO1 .动词+toa)动词+ too介词to意为“达到，指向”等:adjust to适应,attend to处理；照料, agree to赞同,amount to加起来达，belong to属于,come to达至ll, drink to为干 杯，get to到达,happen to发生在某人身上,hold to紧握,lead to通向，listen to听, occur to想起,object to反对,point to指向,respond to 回答,refer to 参考;指的是; 涉及,reply to回答,see to负责,stick to坚持,turn to求助,write to给某人写信。例 如：She must learn to adjust herself to English life.她必须学会适应英国的生活。