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1、Euro-budgets：How to fund it 欧元预算：去哪找钱呢？Europe is struggling to find the money 欧洲正全力筹集资金【1】The EUs 27 members have spent freely sinceearly 2020 to support their economies and citizensthrough a global pandemic,a war on their doorstepand an energy-price surge.Back in 2020 richernorthern EU members relu
2、ctantly signed up to a debt-funded recovery fund worth 806bn($880bn,some 5%of EU GDP in 2022)that mostly benefits the south andeast of the union.But high interest rates have bentthese plans out of shape.自2020 年初以来，欧盟27个成员国花钱如流水，以支持其经济和公民应对全球疫情、一场家门口的战争和飙升的能源价格。早在2020年，较为富裕的北部欧盟成员国不情愿地同意了一项总值8060亿欧元（
3、约合8800亿美元，约占2022年欧盟GDP的5%）的债务复苏基金，该基金主要惠及南部和东部欧盟国家。但高利率已经使这些计划难以实施。【2】At a summit on December 14th and 15th allcountries bar one reached an agreement on how to top欧洲正全力筹集资金1citizens/stzn/n.公民,居民,市民citizen的复数 Allcitizens are equal before the law.法律之前，人人平等pandemic/pndemk/n.(全国或全球性)流行病,大流行病adj.（疾病）大流行的
4、,普遍的，全世界的 pandemicinfluenza.流感doorstep/dstep/n.门阶,(常用以做三明治的)厚面包片v.(记者)登门采访，蹲守 Newspapermen camped at hisdoorstep all day.新闻记者整天在他门口纠缠着不走。surge/sd/vi.涌,汹涌,涌动,使强烈地感到,急剧上升,飞涨,激增,浪涌n.(强烈感情的)突发,(数量的)急剧上升，激增,大量,一大批,奔涌向前,突然的向上运动,（电流）浪涌The sea was rolling in immense surges.大海上浪涛汹涌。reluctantly/rilktntli/adv.
5、勉强,懊丧地,小心地,厌恶地He thought for a moment,then reluctantly agreed.他思量了一下,才勉强同意了。funded/fndd/v.为提供资金,拨款给adj.成为有固定利息的长期借款的fund的过去式 The work is funded bythe government.这项工程由政府提供基金。benefits/bnft/n.优势,益处,成效,福利费(政府对失业者、病人等提供的补助金),(公司提供的)褔利，奖金,(保险公司支付的)给付，保险金v.对(某人)有用,使受益,得益于,得利于benefit的第三人称单数和复数 本课程出自公众号：双语精读
6、训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！bent/bent/v.(使四肢等)弯曲;(使)倾斜，偏向;把弄弯(或折起)n.(某方面的)天赋，爱好 adj.弯曲的;(因年老或生病)驼背的，弯腰的;不诚实的;不正派的 bend的过去分词和过去式 Whats nice about this idea,if you have aphilosophical bent of mind,is that then it tells you thatthe nose,the ear and the eye are all vibrational senses.如果你有点哲学的天赋，你会发现这个点子的绝妙之处在于它
7、告诉你，鼻子、耳朵、眼睛可以感知震动。2summit/smt/n.(政府间的)首脑会议，峰会;山顶，顶峰;（成就的）最高点，顶点;最高官阶（尤指外交上所称的政府首脑）;棱锥体顶点，锥顶 adj.最高级的，政府首脑间的 v.参加峰会;登上顶峰 refugees/rfju()diz/n.避难者,逃亡者,难民refugee的复数 The refugees were forcibly repatriated.难民被强制遣送回国。compromise/kmprmaz/n.妥协,折中,互让,和解,妥协(或折中)方案,达成妥协(或和解)v.(为达成协议而)妥协，折中，让步,违背(原则),达不到(标准),(尤
8、指因行为不很明智)使陷入危险，使受到怀疑 Jane will never compromisewith Bill,nor will Bill compromise with Jane.简决不会同比尔和解，而比尔也决不会同简和解。December 23rd&30th 2023【Europe】01.22 经济学人双语精读经济学人双语精读丨欧元预算：去哪找丨欧元预算：去哪找钱呢？钱呢？中文导读up the EU budget to pay for more financial support for Ukraine(a pot of 50bn over the next four years),as
9、 well as higher interest rates on EU debt and extra support for countries facing a surge in the arrival of refugees.The compromise was less generous than the European commission,the blocs executive arm,had hoped for,but it was enough to win almost everyones agreement.在12月14日和15日的峰会上，除了一个国家之外，所有国家都达成
10、了协议，该协议涉及如何增加欧盟预算来给予乌克兰更多经济支持（未来四年里的经济支持达500亿欧元）、提高欧盟债务利率以及给涌入难民的国家提供额外支持。本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！尽管这种妥协的做法并没有欧盟执行机构欧盟委员会所希望的那么慷慨，但也足以赢得几乎所有人的支持。【3】The lone opposition came from Viktor Orban,the prime minister of Hungary.He had just given his tacit agreement to opening membership talks with
11、 Ukraine,after the EU released 10bn of funds earmarked for Hungary that had until then been frozen as a punishment for his rule-of-law abuses.His price for approving the larger fiscal package is probably for the EU to unblock Hungarys remaining and still-frozen 20bn.But his leverage is limited.Ideas
12、 being floated to get around his veto include using the European Stability Mechanism(ESM),the euro zones bail-out fund which has plenty of spare capacity.If Mr Orbans bluff is called early next year,he may well fold.唯一的反对者是匈牙利总理维克多欧尔班（Viktor Orban）。他刚刚默许同乌克兰就后者的欧盟成员资格进行谈判，此前，欧盟为匈牙利专门提供了100亿欧元，这些资金ge
13、nerous/den()rs/adj.慷慨的,大方的,慷慨给予的,丰富的,充足的,大的,宽厚的,宽宏大量的,仁慈的 They madea generous donation to charity.他们对慈善事业慷慨捐助。bloc/blk/n.集团,(政治利益一致的)国家集团 TheLiberal Bloc voted for the tax increase.开明集团投票赞成增税。executive/gzekjtv/n.总经理,(公司或机构的)经理，主管领导，管理人员,(统称公司或机构的)行政领导，领导层,(政府的)行政部门adj.经营管理的,经理的,决策的,有执行权的,实施的,行政的,高级的
14、,供重要人物使用的 Thepresident of a company is an executive.公司的经理是公司的管理者。3opposition/pz()n/n.反对,反对党,在野党,(强烈的)反抗,对抗,(事业、竞赛、游戏等的)对手,竞争者,对立Jupiter is afflicted by Mars in opposition.木星相对于火星处在相反方向的应力星位。tacit/tst/adj.默契的;默示的;心照不宣的;不言而喻的The explicit knowledge has no moderating effect,however,tacit knowledge has a
15、 moderating effect on therelationship between expatriates knowledgedisseminative capacity and knowledge transfer.在干扰效果上，虽然显性知不具干扰效果，然而隐性知对于知传播能量与知移转程度间关系却具有干扰效果。released/rlist/v.释放,放出,放走,放开,松开,使自由移动(或飞翔、降落等)；分布；发泄,宣泄；公布 release的过去分词和过去式 The bird was released from the cage.鸟从笼子里放出去了。frozen/frzn/adj.冻
16、结的,冷冻的,冰封的,结冰的,冷藏的,冻僵的,极冷的,封冻的,冻硬的,吓呆的v.冰冻,(使)冻结，结冰,(使)冻住，冻堵,严寒freeze的过去分词 Our feetcrunched on the frozen snow.我们的脚嘎吱嘎吱地踩在冻雪上。punishment/pnm()nt/n.惩罚,处罚,刑罚,粗暴对待,虐待 Punishment had very little effect on him.惩罚对他没有什么效果。abuses/bjs/n.滥用,妄用,虐待,辱骂,恶语v.滥用(以致危害健康),滥用，妄用(权力、所知所闻),虐待,性虐待,伤害abuse的第三人称单数和复数 This
17、 is not to deny theabuses and downright crookery that have marredexecutive pay.然而一味指责高级经理人并不是最明智之举。4fiscal/fsk()l/n.财政,财政年度,会计年度,财政部长,（苏格兰等的）检察官,（西班牙及葡萄牙的）检察长,印花税票adj.财政的,国库的,国家岁入的 The ministeropened upon the fiscal question.部长开始谈起财政问题。unblock/nblk/vt.疏通(管道等),清除的障碍 Whenthe pipe was unblocked,the wat
18、er drained out.一打水管,水就流了出来。leverage/liv()rd/n.影响力,杠杆作用,杠杆效力v.举债经营,借贷收购 He has some leverage over the politician.他对这位政界人士有些影响。在此之前一直被冻结，作为对其滥用法治的惩罚。本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！如果想要他同意这一更大的财政计划，那么欧盟或许就得解冻那些剩余的但仍被冻结的200亿欧元。但他的影响力是有限的。为了绕过他的否决权，大家又提出了一些想法，包括利用欧洲稳定机制（ESM），也就是欧元区的救助基金，这里的空闲资金还是够用的。如果
19、维克多欧尔班的虚张声势在明年初叫停的话，他很可能会妥协。【4】Finance ministers,meanwhile,are still trying to sort out a different fiscal mess.The euro zones byzantine deficit rules were barely workable before the covid-19 pandemic.They were too complex,put overly onerous demands on highly indebted countries and led to procyclica
20、l budget cuts without making much if any allowance for green investment.When the pandemic struck,the rules were suspended to allow countries to spend freely,and have not been enforced since.With their return due at the start of 2024,they were in desperate need of an upgrade.与此同时，财政部长们仍在努力解决另一财政混乱局面。
21、在新冠疫情之前，欧元区的拜占庭式赤字规则几乎不起作用了。它们过于复杂，对重债国提出了过于繁重的要求，并导致顺周期的预算削减，而且就算考虑绿色投资的话，也没为其留太多余地。疫情开始后，这些规则被暂停，允许各国自由支出，并且此后一直没有执行。但由于这些规则要在 2024 年初回归，所以迫切需要对其升级。【5】The commission had proposed rules that would give it more power and that would stick less slavishly to numerical targets.Countries would agree to a
22、djustment plans to bring down debt and commit to investments and reforms that would boost growth.But Germany wanted to require countries to lowerlimited/lmtd/adj.有限的,受(的)限制v.限制,限定,限量,减量limit的过去式n.高级快车 Human beings havelimited tolerance of noise.人类对噪音的忍耐力有限。floated/flotd/v.发行，推出，浮动,漂流,飘动,飘移,浮,漂浮,使浮动,
23、使漂流float的过去分词和过去式 An ideasuddenly floated into my mind.我脑海里突然浮现出一个想法。veto/vit/n.否决权,拒绝认可,禁止vt.行使否决权,拒绝认可,禁止,拒不接受,反对,否定 Mother put a veto on ourstayingout late.母亲不允许我们在外面呆到很晚才回来。zone/zn/n.区,(有某特色或作用的)地区,(规划的)区域,分区,(尤指有别于周围的)部分,气候带vt.将划作特殊区域,指定为某项用途的区域,将分成区(或划成带)United are still in the relegation zone
24、.联（合足球）队仍处于降级区。bail/bel/n.保释金,保释,三柱门上的横木v.允许保释(某人),(尤指迅速地)离开,与搭讪(常指对方不愿意)Theman was bailed out for$500.此人是用五百美元保释出来的。capacity/kpst/n.容量,容积,容纳能力,领悟(或理解、办事)能力,职位,职责,生产量,功率 The jars capacityis under three quarts.这个坛子的容量小于三夸特bluff/blf/n.绝壁；断崖；吓唬 vt.吓唬；愚弄 vi.吓唬adj.直率的；陡峭的 It is not easy to climb a bluffm
25、ountain.登上陡峭的山可不容易。byzantine/bzntin/adj.拜占庭的;拜占庭帝国的;错综复杂的;东罗马帝国的;(关于)东正教的;拜占庭建筑风格的(尤指有高穹顶和马赛克装饰的教堂);难以理解的;复杂神秘而死板的;类似(或表现出)古拜占庭政治情况的(特点是多阴谋诡计);暗中的 deficit/defst/n.赤字,逆差,亏损,不足额,缺款额,缺少These deficits are nothing to sneeze at.可不能小瞧这些亏损workable/wkb()l/adj.可行的,行得通的,可成形(或延长、挖掘等)的,可开采的,可开发的 His long illness
26、and consequent absence put him far behind in his work.他因病缺席很久，耽误了很多课程。onerous/n()rs/adj.繁重的,艰巨的,费力的,令人焦虑的 My household duties were not particularly onerous.我的家务活并不繁重。indebted/ndetd/adj.感激的,负债的,蒙恩的 I am insome sort indebted to you.我在某种程度上要感谢你。procyclical/prsaiklikl/adj.顺周期的;顺周期性;亲周期的;顺周期性问题 Governmen
27、t as a whole is beingprocyclical,not countercyclical.总体而言，政府目前是顺周期的，而不是逆周期的。allowance/lans/n.津贴,补贴,补助,限额,定量,免税额v.给发津贴；按定量供给 My folks are alwaysforgetting my allowance.我父母经常忘记我零用钱suspended/sspendid/v.暂停;中止;悬;吊;挂;暂缓;推迟;延缓;使暂停发挥作用(或使用等)suspend的过去分词和过去式 Production has been suspended while safety checksa
28、re carried out.在进行安全检查期间生产暂停。enforced/nfrst/adj.强迫的,强制性的v.强制执行，强行实施(法律或规定),强迫,迫使enforce的过去分词和过去式 Invalid static SUBCASE that has no load or enforceddisplacement.一般从out文件查找error的位置，都能发现原因。their deficits and debt by set minimum amounts each year.As The Economist went to press,France was expected on De
29、cember 20th to give in,after much back and forth,under the rather self-serving condition that these new measures would not fully apply before President Emmanuel Macrons term is over.欧盟委员会提出的规则将赋予其更多权力，并减少对数字目标的盲目坚持。各国也将同意调整计划以削减债务，并承诺进行投资和改革，促进经济增长。但德国希望要求各国通过设定年度下限，来减少赤字和债务。课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易尊重原创
30、愿诸君上岸！正如经济学人所报道的那样，多次反复之后，法国预计将在12月20日做出让步，条件是这些新措施在埃曼纽尔马克龙（Emmanuel Macron）总统任期结束前不会完全生效，这显然是出于一种自私的考虑。【6】Over-prescriptive rules can indeed be a problem,as Germany itself illustrates.In November its constitutional court ruled various accounting gimmicks to be illegal under the countrys strict defi
31、cit rules.The governing coalition has since then put together budget cuts and tax increases to plug the gapsat a time when Germanys economy is stagnant and the country should be investing heavily.Sometimes,muddling through is not enough.正如德国本身所证明的那样，过于规范严格的规则确实可能是一个问题。去年11月，德国宪法法院裁定，根据该国严格的赤字规定，各种账户
32、数据上的花招都是非法的。从那时起，委员会将把削减预算和增加税收相结合，以填补缺口。而德国的经济停滞不前，该国本应大举投资。有时，蒙混是过不了关的。今日词汇concern kns:n v.涉及,关系,关心n.关心；担忧；(利害)关系考研出现次数：30+desperate/desp()rt/adj.(因绝望而)不惜冒险的，不顾一切的，拼命的,绝望的,孤注一掷的,铤而走险的,非常需要,极想,渴望,极严重的 I am desperate for a cigarette.我极想抽一支烟。5commission/km()n/n.(通常为政府管控或调查某事的)委员会,佣金,回扣,(银行等的)手续费,正式委托
33、,军官职务,做出（错事）vt.正式委托(谱写或制作、创作、完成),任命为军官 He commissioned a statue of his wife.他请人制作他妻子的雕像。proposed/prupuzd/v.提议,建议,打算,希冀,计划,求婚adj.建议的；提出的；推荐的propose的过去分词和过去式She proposed that the book be banned.她提议查禁这本书。stick/stk/v.粘贴,将刺入(或插入),戳,粘住,(尤指迅速或随手)放置,对不感兴趣,（在某物中）卡住，陷住，动不了,容忍,被接受,不再要牌n.枝条,枯枝,柴火棍儿,球棍,条状物,棍状物,棍
34、，条，签,一管，一支（胶棒等）,（飞机的）操纵杆，驾驶杆,（车辆的）变速杆，换挡杆,指挥棒,批评 Just stick it down anywhere you like.把它随便放在什么地方都行。slavishly/sleivili/adv.奴隶般地;盲目地 She slavishlycopies the older girls style.她盲目地仿那个较大女孩的风格。numerical/njumerk()l/adj.数字的,用数字表示的The numbers are in numerical order.这些号码是按数字顺序排列的。adjustment/ds(t)m()nt/n.调整,调
35、节,(行为、思想的)调整，适应 The company made an adjustment inmy salary.公司对我的薪金作了调整。investments/nvestmnts/n.投资,投资额,投资物,值得买的东西,有用的投资物investment的复数 Ourinvestments are not doing well.我们的投资境况不佳。reforms/rfrm/v.改革,改进,改良,(使)改正，改造(行为),(使)悔改n.改革,变革,改良,改善reform的第三人称单数和复数 They reformed a division into a regiment.他们将一个师整编成为
36、一个团。deficits/defisit/n.赤字,逆差,亏损,不足额,缺款额,缺少deficit的复数 These deficits are nothing to sneeze at.可不能小瞧这些亏损condition/knd()n/n.条件,状态,状况,健康状况,(因不可能治愈而长期患有的)疾病,环境，境况，条件,物质环境，状态，条件,（先决）条件,（某群体的）生存状态，处境vt.训练,使习惯于,使适应,对具有重要影响,影响(某事发生的方式),保持(头发或皮肤等的)健康,养护 Heascribed his failure to objective conditions.他把失败归咎于客观
37、条件。6prescriptive/prskrptv/adj.规定的,规范的,指定的,约定俗成的,相沿成习的 a prescriptive grammar book.规定性语法书。illustrates/lstrets/v.加插图于,给(书等)做图表,(用示例、图画等)说明，解释,表明真实,显示存在illustrate的第三人称单数 本课程出自公众号：双语精读训练营，制作不易，尊重原创，愿诸君上岸！考频：考点回顾阅读考点真题例句：例 Look up Homo sapiens in the“Red List”of threatenedspecies of the InternationalUnio
38、n for the Conversation of Nature(IUCN),and you will read:“Listed as Least Concern as thespecies is verywidely distributed,adaptable,currentlyincreasing,and there are no major threats resulting in an overallpopulation decline.”(2013年英语一32题)constitutional/kpnsttju:J(o)n(3)I/adj.宪法的，章程的，宪法准许的，受宪法限制的，受章
39、程限制的，身体素质的，体质的，体格的n.保健散步Parliament was accused ofconstitutional impropriety.议会被指控有违宪行为。accounting/akaontry/n.会计v认为是，视为account的现在分词We offer accounting as a subsidiary course.我们开设会计课，作为副修课程。译在国际自然保护联盟的濒临物种红色名录上查阅“智人”这一词条，你将会看到：被列为无危级别，因为这一物种分布十分广泛，适应性强，目前呈增长趋势，并且还没有出现让其总人口下降的主要威胁。翻译考点真题例句：例 When peopl
40、e in developing countries worry about migration,they are usually concerned at the prospect of their best andbrightest departure to Silicon Valley or to hospitals anduniversities in the developed world.译发展中国家人们考虑移民时，他们通常关心的是到硅谷或发达国家的医院和大学里工作这样最美好最光明的前景。(2012年英语二46题)gimmick/gmik/n.暗机；人的玩意v.使暗机；人的玩意one
41、 of those gimmicks for working off aggression.消除侵略的花招之。coalition/,kaualyj(o)n/n.(两党或多党)联合政府，(尤指多个政治团体的)联合体，联合，结合，联盟After the election,the coalition fragmented.选举之后，联盟瓦解了plug/plg/n.插头，(电源)插座，转换插头，塞子，栓塞，螺钉楔子，螺钉塞栓，推销vt.堵塞，封堵，补足，补充，供给，推广，宣传，射击Where can I plug in my hairdrier?我在哪里能接上吹风机的电源?2、长难句stagnant/
42、stegnant/adj.停滞不前，停滞的，(水或空气)不流动而污浊的，不发展的，无变化的Due to low1、1)原文：ldeas being floated to get around his veto include usingthe European Stability Mechanism(ESM),the eurozonesbail-out fund which has plenty of spare capacity.2)分析：红色部分是主句，是主谓宾结构。橙色部分是现在分词短语做后置定语，修饰ideas;绿色部分是ESM的同位语结构。蓝色部分是which引导的定语从句，修饰先行
43、词fund。3)译文：为了绕过他的否决权，大家又提出了一些想法，包括利用欧洲稳定机制(ESM),也就是欧元区的救助基金，这里的空闲资金还是够用的。investment,industrial output has remained stagnant.由于投资少，工业生产一直停滞不前。muddling/madlm/adj.引起困惑的，使人糊涂的，难以理解的v.弄乱，搅混，使困惑，使糊涂，混淆，分不清muddle的现在分词1、短语1)原文：At a summit on December 14th and15th all countries bar one reached anagreement on
44、 how to top up the EU budget topay for more financial support for Ukraine(apot of e50bn over the next four years),as wellas higher interest rates on EU debt and extrasupport for countries facing a surge in thearrival of refugees.词典：top up增加；重新填满例句：Part of the solution is to top up thewages of low-pa
45、id workers.部分解决办法是增加低薪工人的工资。2)原文：He had just given his tacitagreement to opening membership talks withUkraine,after the EU released E10bn offunds earmarked for Hungary that had untilthen been frozen as a punishment for his rule-of-law abuses.词典：be earmarked for指定(款项等)用作特定用途2、1)原文：As The Economist we
46、nt to press,France was expectedon December 20th to give in,mr muut hnei andforl,under the rather self-serving condition that thesenew measures would not fully apply before PresidentEmmanuel Macrons term is over.2)分析：红色部分是主句。蓝色部分是as引导的状语从句，橙色部分是时间状语从句，紫色部分是状语从句，表示前提条件绿色部分是condition的同位语从句，解释condition的
47、内容。3)译文：正如经济学人所报道的那样，多次反复之 后，法国预计将在12月20日做出让步，条件是这些新措施在埃曼纽尔马克龙(EmmanuelMacron)总统任期结束前不会完全生效，这显然是出于一种自私的考虑。例句：Some of the money hasbeen earmarked to pay for the resettlement ofpeople from contaminated areas.部分经费被指定用于受污染区域群众的重新安置。3)原文：Ideas being floated to getaround his veto include using the Europea
48、nStability Mechanism(ESM),the euro zonesbail-out fund which has plenty of sparecapacity.词典：get around规避3、写作技巧1)原文：The EUs 27 members have spent freely since early2020 to support their economies and citizens through aglobal pandemic,a war on their doorstep and an energy-price surge.自2020年初以来，欧盟27个成员国
49、花钱如流水，以支持其经济和公民度过全球疫情、一场家门口的战争和飙升的能源价格。Back in 2020 richer northern EU members reluctantlysigned up to a debt-funded recovery fund worth e806bn($880bn,some 5%ofEU GDP in 2022)that mostlybenefits the south and east of the union.早在2020年，较为富裕的北部欧盟成员国不情愿地同意了一项总值8060亿欧元(约合8800亿美元，约例句：Although tobacco ads
50、 are prohibited,companies get around the ban by sponsoringmusic shows.虽然严禁为烟草做广告，但一些烟草公司却通过赞助音乐会来打擦边球。4)原文：Finance ministers,meanwhile,arestill trying to sort out a different fiscal mess.词典：sort out解决问题占2022年欧盟GDP的5%）的债务复苏基金，该基金主要惠及南部和东部欧盟国家。2）技巧分析：文中使用了大量的后置定语，后置定语由不同成分构成。同位语可分为限制性同位语和非限制性同位语。后置定语可