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1、高一英语暑假精品课(人教版2019必修1)并列连词和状语从句:函基础知识7 -二jfcr /llillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 一、并列连词1 .表并列表示并列关系的连词有and, both. . .and . . . , as well as等，其中要重点掌握and 的用法：当连接三个以上并列的成分时，一般在最后两者之间加and,其余用逗号分开;Solid, liquid and gas are the three states of matter.固体、液体和气体是物质的三种 状态。(2)“go (come, stop等)+ and+动词”结
2、构中，and+动词”相当于to+动词”；Fil go and bring back your boots. =ril go to bring back your boots.我去把你的靴子 拿回来。(3)“动词+ and+同一个动词”表示动作长时间地“继续”或“重复”；We waited and waited.我们等了 又等。(4)“祈使句+and+陈述句”相于“if从句+主句”。Work hard and you will succeed. =If you work hard, you will succeed.努力工作， 你 就会成功。2 .表递进表示递进关系的并列连词有not only.
3、 . .but also . . ., neither . . . nor .等。带上雨衣，以防下雨。5 .结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的词主要有so, so.that., such.that., so that等。(l)so.that.常用句型有：so+形容词 + that.;so+副词+that.；so many/few/much/little 十名词+that.；so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数+that.The text was so boring that I gave up reading it half way through.这个剧本真枯燥，我读到一半便放弃了。He got
4、 so little money that his family had to live on welfare money.他的工资很少，他的家人不得不靠救济金生活。He is so clever a boy that we all like him.他是一个如此聪明的男孩，我们都喜欢 他。He ran so fast that I fell behind.他跑得如止匕快，以至于我落在后面。(2)such. . .that.常用句型有：such +a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that.;such+形容词+可数名词复数+that； such+形容词+不可数名词+that.It is such
5、 fine weather that we all want to go to the park.天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。They are such good children that we all love them.他们是些乖孩子，我们都喜欢他们。It is such an interesting story that it attracts a lot of children.这是如此有趣的故事，以至于吸引了许多孩子。(3)so thatWe moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy and dull
6、city.我们搬到了乡下，从而远离了吵闹、单调的城市。I shouted loudly so that my son could hear my voice.我大声喊为的是让儿子能听见我的声音。注意：(1)为了强调形容词和副词，当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是如此聪明的一个学生，以至于能解出所有难题。当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为： so/such. as to.He wa
7、s so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.(3)除结果状语从句外，too. to .(太而不能),enough to.(达到某种程度可以.)等结构同样可以表示结果。He didnt get up early enough to catch the bus. = He got up too late to catch the
8、bus.他起床太晚了，没能赶上那班公交车。6 .方式状语从句定义:方式状语是个句子，则这个句子就是方式状语从句。如: You must do it as she tells you to引导方式状语从句的引导词:as, as if=as though等引导。如:He was sitting there as if/as though he was waiting somebody.-When in Roman , do as the Romans do.*说明：当as if从句表示的意思与客观事实不符合时，as if从句要用虚拟语气。如：He acts as if he were a king
9、 .They are talking as if they had been friends for many years-He said to her girl friend as if he would break up with her.7.比较状语从句：定义:充当比较状语的是个句子，则这个句子就是比较状语从句。He is as good as a thief.(他实际上就是一个贼)比较状语从句的引导词：as.as,比较级+than.如：Tom runs faster than John does.This classroom is as big as that one.【注意】(l)a
10、s.as.,的否定结构也可以是 not so .as. He is not as /so clever as you.(2)not +比较级+than与no +比较级+than的区别He is not taller than she/her.He is no taller than she/her.=He is as short as she/her8.条件状语从句引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if（假设;如果），unless（=if. .not除非），so/as long as（只要），in case（如果），on condition that（条件是），suppose/supposing （
11、that）（假设）， providing/provided that（如果）等。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard （=if you dont study hard）.如果你不努力学习，你考试就会不及格。As long as you don5t lose heart, you will succeed.只要不灰心，你就会成功。Suppose/ Supposing （that） they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?如果他们拒绝我们，那么我们还可以向谁求助呢？In case there i
12、s a fire, what will you do first?如果发生火灾，你们首先要做什么呢？注意：如果only if引导的条件状语从句位于主句之前，主句用部分倒装;如果。nly if引导的条件状语从句位于主句之后，主句要用正常语序。当主句的时态是一般将来时，条件状语从句常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。I will go there tomorrow unless it rains.除非下雨，否则明天我就去那儿。7.方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as, as if, as ihough等。方式状语从句应放在主 句之后。其中as if或as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但
13、如果从句中所陈 述的情况与事实相符，一般不用虚拟语气。Do as you are told, or youll be fired.按照要求做，否则你将被开除。The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.那个老太太对待那个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。I feel as if I have a fever.我感觉我好像发烧了。9.让步状语从句(1)让步状语从句的引导词引导让步状语从句主要由 although, though, as, even if, even though, while, no matter+疑问词,疑问词-eve
14、r等引导。Although its raining, they are still working in the field.虽然在下雨，但他们仍在地 里干活。We won be discouraged even if/though we fail again.即使再次失败，我们也不会 泄气。While I am willing to help you, I do not have enough time.尽管我愿意帮你，可是我没有足够的时间。The day will come no matter how long the night is.不管黑夜有多长，白天终会到 来。Whatever h
15、appened, he would not mind.不管发生什么，他都不在意。(2)as引导的让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语以及谓语中的实义动词等需提前到 从句句首，而且表语若是单数可数名词还要去掉冠词。though引导的让步状语从 句也可这样用，但although不可以。Intelligent as/though she was, she had not much insight.虽然她聪明，但不是很有洞 察力。He was unable to make much progress, hard as he tried.虽然他努力了，但未能取得很大的进步。Teache
16、r as/though he is, he doesnt know everything.虽然他是老师，但也不是无所 不知，Fail as/though I did, I would never give up.尽管我失败了，但我不放弃。(3)“no matter+疑问词”与疑问词-ever的区别引导让步状语从句时，no matter+疑问词”可以替换为疑问词-ever,但不是所有 的疑问词-ever都可以替换为“no matter+疑问词”，因为疑问词-ever还可以引导名 词性从句，“no matter+疑问词”则不可。However/No matter how late he is, h
17、is mother will wait for him to have dinner together.无论他回来得多晚，他妈妈总是等着他一起吃饭。No matter whatAVhatever you say, I will not believe you.无论你说什么，我者B不会 相信你。Whoever wants to go can write your name down here.任何想去的人者|S可以把名字 写在这里。(whoever引导主语从句，不可替换成no matter who)注意：although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet, still或nev
18、ertheless 连用，但不能和but连用。Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football. 虽然雨正下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。(2)though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。He said he would come; he didnt, though.他说他会来，可是没有来。(3)when, while也可作从属连词，表让步，while常用在句首，when常用在句中, 相当于although.Suddenly, she stopped when she ought to ha
19、ve continued.尽管她应该继续下去，她却突然停住了。While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。(4)though引导让步状语从句时，还可使用倒装形式，和as的用法一致。Old as/though he is, he works very hard. (=Although he is old, he works very hard.)虽然他年纪大了，但工作非常努力。I C考点剖析江考点一：区分并列连词1. Before ge
20、tting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor7 sorders,once I started the carz my mind went blank.A. so B. and C. for D. yet知识点并列连词 答案D解析考查连词词义辨析。句意：在上车之前，我以为我已经学会了教练的指令，然 而一旦我启动了车，我的大脑一片空白。A. so所以；B. and并且；C. for因 为；D. yet然而。上文提到学会了教练的指令与后文启动了车，我的大 脑一片空白构成转折关系，应用yeto故选D。2. Ive been awa
21、y for only three years,I can hardly recognize my hometown.A. so B. or C. for D. yet知识点并列连词答案D解析考查连词辨析。句意：（虽然）我只离开了三年，但是我基本认不出我的家乡 了。A.so所以；B. or否则；C. for因为；D. yet但是。由语意可知，作者只 离开了三年，但因为家乡变化太大，所以作者认不出自己的家乡。故选D项。连词考查前后句子之间的关系，考生要联系前后两句话，判断好这两句话的关 系。3. 一Can I try the shirt on, mom?Well, it really looks
22、nice,I think you look good in it.A. but B. and C. for D. or知识点并列连词答案B解析考查连词，句意：一妈妈，我能试穿这件衬衫吗？一它看起来真的很好看, 而且我认为你穿上它会看起来很不错。A. but但是；B. and并且；C. for因为; D. or或者。根据句意可知，前后两句是递进关系，要用表示递进承接关系的 连词and。故选B项。1-考点二：时间&地点&原因&条件状语从句等的区别1. If you don t grasp this chance, it may be years you get anotherone.A. befo
23、re B. since C. until D. unless知识点状语从句 答案A解析考查从属连词词义辨析。句意：如果你不抓住这个机会，你可能需要很多年（之 后）才能得到另一个机会。A. before在.以前；B. since自从；C. until直 至U ; D. unless除非。根据句意可知，这里指的是，在你得到另一个机会之前 需要很多年，before在此语境下可翻译为过（之后）才，故用beforeo 故选A项。2. During the reconstruction of the city, many modern tall buildings went up old shabby h
24、ouses were torn down.A. where B. in what C. in which D. which知识点状语从句答案A解析考查地点状语从句。句意：在这个城市重建期间，许多现代的高楼在旧房子被 拆毁的地方拔起。分析句子可知，空前没有先行词，空处引导的不是定语从句，而是地点状语从句，应用where引导。故选A项。Neither Anna nor I am interested in dancing.安娜和我都对跳舞不感兴趣。He not only read the book, but also remembered what he had read.他不但读了这本书，而且记
25、得所读的内容。3 .表选择表示选择关系的并列连词有or, either. or .等。其中重点掌握or的用法：表示选择，意为“或，还是”；Would you like tea or coffee?你想喝茶还是咖啡？(2)(用于警告或忠告)否则，不然;“祈使句+or(else)+陈述句”相当于“if.not+主句” Hurry up, or youll be late for school. =If you dont hurry up, youll be late fbr school. 快点，否则你上学就要迟到了。4 .表转折表示转折关系的并列连词有but, yet, whereas等。Jan
26、e said she was ill, yet I saw her in the street just now.简说她生病了，但刚才我在街上看到了她。Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.有一些研究结果令人满意，然而其他的则不然。此外，but 还可用于Tm sorry but.二 Excuse me, but.”句型中。1 am sorry but I wont be able to come tonight.对不起我今晚不能来。注意：although/though不能与but连用，但可以和yet连用
27、。3.1 wonder whether his hearing is okay he has turned thetelevision up very loud.A. unless B. although C. until D. because知识点状语从句答案D解析考查原因状语从句。句意：我不知道他的听力是否正常，因为他把电视机的声 音开得太大了。A. unless除非；B. although虽然；C. until直到；D.because因为。结合句意可知，本句为because引导的原因状语从句。故 选D。在2考点三：2方式&让步&目的&结果&比较状语从句等的区别1 .you try to
28、do something beyond what you have already mastered, you will never grow.A. Once B. If C. Because D. Unless知识点从属连词，状语从句答案D解析 考查连词。句意：除非你尝试去做一些你已经掌握之外的事情，否则你永远不 会成长。A. Once 一旦;B. If如果;C. Because因为;D. Unless除非，如果 不。根据句意和后文you will never grow可知，此处应用unless引导条 件状语从句，意为“如果不，相当于if not;其他选项均不符合句意。故选 D项。2 . H
29、ow the loans are paid should be of little concern to the bank they are paid on time.A. as far as B. as soon as C. as long as D. as well as佚口识点从属连词，状语从句答案C解析考查复合连词词义辨析。只要按时还款，如何偿还贷款对银行来说应该无关紧 要。A. as far as 据而言;B. as soon as 就;C. as long as 只要; D. as well as除之外还，此外。根据句意可知,只要按时还款,如何偿 还无关紧要。故选C项。3 . To
30、m was so angry he heard his friend betrayed him he tore theletter into two immediately.A. that; when B. that; that C. when; what D. when; that知识点状语从句答案D解析考查结果状语和时间状语从句。考查结果状语和时间状语从句。句意：当汤姆听说他的朋友背叛他时，他是 如此的生气，以至于他立刻将来信撕成了两半。此句应分为两部分来看.第一 部分是so.that句型，他生气的结果是撕了信，所以that应该在后半部分。再 分析前半部分，可知此处是when引导的时间状语
31、从句，表示当他得知他的朋 友背叛他时，所以A正确。此题的解题关键是分清楚两个从句与主句的关系。根据句意，可知结果状语为 后半句撕了信这件事，所以此处是so.that句型，再根据句意，判断前半分句 是时间状语，所以用when04 .he worked very hard, he didnt finish the task on time.（用适当的词填 空）知识点从属连词,状语从句 答案1、参考 l：Although；参考 2:Though;解析考查连词。句意：虽然他工作非常努力，但是他还是没有按时完成任务。根据 句子结构和意思可知，这里需要表示“虽然的意思的连词连接两个句子，上 下文构成让步状
32、语从句的结构。故填Although/ThoughoAlthough I live alone, yet I am very happy. = I live alone, but I am very happy.我虽然一个人生活，但很愉快。5 .表对比表不对比关系的并列连词有whileoHe likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。6 .表因果表示因果关系的并列连词有so, for等。It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over.昨晚一定下雨了，
33、因为到处都是湿的。The shops were closed, so I didnt get any milk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。7 . when也可用作并列连词，意为“那时，这时“，相当于and at this/that time。常用句式sb. was about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when.sb. was doing sth. when.sb. had just done sth. when.We were having a meeting when someone broke in.我们正在开会，这时
34、有人闯了进来。We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain. 我们正要动身，天突然开始下雨。I had just finished my homework when Tom came to me.我刚写完作业，汤姆就来找我了。二、状语从句1 .时间状语从句引导时间状语从句的连词有when, while, as, before, after, until, as soon as, since, the moment,instantly, once 等。(l)when, while, aswhen既可引导一个持续性动作，也可引导一个
35、短暂性动作，可用于主句和从 句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生的情况。When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。When the film ended, the people went back.电影一结束，看电影的人便回去了。when引导时间状语从句，还可意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚 发生时，突然发生另一动作。I was thinking of this when I heard my name called.be about to dowhen正准备做某事，这时
36、be doing.when.正在做某事，这时be on the point of doing. . .when.正要做某事，这时had just done. . .when.刚做完某事，这时Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人工作时，别高声谈话。as引导一个持续性动作，
37、多用于主句和从句动作同时发生。John sings as he works.约翰一边工作，一边唱歌。(2)as soon as, the moment, the minute, the second, the instant, no sooner. than., hardly/scarcelywhen，immediately, directly, instantly 的用法这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常 译为“一就”，从句中可用一般时态代替将来时态。The moment she arrives, we can start.她一到，我们就可以开始。No s
38、ooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们一到车站， 火车就出 发了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.男孩一看到他的母亲就哭 To(3)tilL until 和 not.until 的用法在肯定句中，主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，意为“某动作一直延续到某点 才停止”。You may stay here till/until the rain stops.你得在这里待到雨停。在否定句中，主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动 作
39、直到某时间才开始”。He wont go to bed till/until she returns.直到她回来，他才睡。not.until句型中的强调和倒装说法。It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.（强调句型）=Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这个消息。（not until置于句首，主句要倒装）（4）before 和 since 的用法连词 before 表示还未就;不至!J就;才;趁还没Before they reached the
40、 station, the train had gone.他们（还没）到达火车站前，火车就已经开走了。We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.我们跑了还不到一英里，他就累了。Please write it down before you forget it.趁你现在没忘，把它记下来。before的句型：It will be+时间段+before从句，表示“多久之后才It wontbe long before从句，表示“不久之后将”It will be half a year before I come back.半年后我才回来。It wont be l
41、ong before we meet again.不久后我们将再见面。since的句型：It is/has been+时间段+since从句。若从句谓语为非延续性动词， 表示”自从.有多久”;若从句的谓语为延续性动词，表示“自从动作结束/完 成有多久了”，常译为“自从不有多久了，It is three years since the war broke out.战争爆发以来，有三年了。It is three years since he lived here.他不在这儿住已经有三年了。(5)every time, each time, next time, the first time, an
42、y time, all the time 的用法 这些短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当.；每次,；下次”等。Every time I meet her I always forget her name.每次我见到她时，我总忘了她的名字。Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.下次你来时，一定记住把你的儿子带来。You are welcome to come back any time you want to.你想回来随时可以回来。2 .地点状语从句地点状语从句可用where, wherever, anywhere, ev
43、ery where等引导。地点状语从句可用于主句之前或之后。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.无火不生烟。(即无风不起浪。) (2)注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。where引导的地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词 要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。Youd better make a mark at the place whe
44、re you have some questions.(定t吾从句)=Youd better make a mark where you have some questions.(状语从句)你最好在你有问题的地方做个标记。3 .原因状语从句(1)弓I 导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that 等 obecause语气最强，表示必然的因果关系。I was absent from the meeting because I was ill.我缺席会议了， 因为我生病 了。since语气稍弱，表示对
45、方已知晓的原因或事实，意为“既然;由于”。Since everybody is here, lefs begin our meeting,既然大家都到场了，我们开始开会 吧。as语气最弱，往往是不明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明。As it is raining, we shall not go to the park.因为下雨了 ,所以我们不能去公园。considering (that), seeing (that), now (that)和 since 的意义相似，都有“鉴于某 个事实”的意思，that可以省去。Considering (that) everybody is here, l
46、ets begin our discussion.鉴于大家都到场了，我们开始讨论吧。Now (that) you have grown up, you should not rely on your parents.鉴于你已经长大成人，你不应该依赖你父母了。其他表示原因的方式除了状语从句外，一些介词短语同样可以表示原因，这样的短语有：because of, thanks to, due to, owing to 等。Because of the weather, we had to put off the sports meeting.由于天气原因，我们不得不推迟运动会。4 .目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case, lest 等。(l)in order that 与 so that两个连词都意为“以便，为了”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词;in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而s。that引导的从 句只能置于主句之后。ril speak slowly so that you can under