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1、高中英语基础语法学习：宾语从句复习讲义一、定义在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。二、连接词that： I think that you can pass the exam.Whether/if： I don t know what the word means.“What ： I don t know what the word means.I don t know where he found the book.只用whether的情况：1 . 与or not连用：I don t know whether it s raining or not2 .与动词不定式连用：He doesn,
2、t know whether to accept the invitation.3 .连接词前有介词时：It depends on whether he is coming.三、时态1 .主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定（各种时态均可）She wants to know what he has done for the exam.2 .主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。She said that she was a student.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.She said that she had fini
3、shed her homework already.3 .如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从()24. Can you tell me language she speaks?A. whichB. howC. thatD. whether()25. Can you tell us you grow cotton in your country?A. thatB. whetherC. whichD. whose()26. I dont understand you said.A. whenB. thatC. whereD. what()27. Do you know mad
4、e him angry last time?A. whenB. thatC. whereD. what()28. Can you tell me the meeting will begin?A. whatB. whetherC. whenD. where ()29. surprised me most was he didnt go toschool yesterday.A. What, howB. What, thatC. That, thatD. Whom, that()30. I wondered they had been to America.A. ifB. whatC. whoD
5、. that()31. You will feel hungry you dont have breakfast.A. whatB. whyC. ifD. how() 32. Do you know Jack left so early?A. whatB. whyC. untilD. though() 33. Do you know what time .A. the train leaveB. does the train leaveC. will the train leaveD. the train leaves()34. I am sure you said is true.A. wh
6、atB. thatC. whichD. who()35. It has not been decided they will leave.A. whyB. whenC. whichD. what()36. None of us knows which floor on.A. is sheB. she livingC. she isD. did she live()37. Do you know she will go to the cinema with us?A. ifB. whereC. whoD. which()38. The children said they themselves
7、very much.A. if, enjoyB. why,enjoyedC. where,enjoyD. that, enjoyed()39. I dont think I out the problem.A. if, can workB. how, will workC. that, can workD. when, will work()40. She is afraid he cold at night.A. that, will catchB. that, catchesC. whether, will catchD. is, catches()41. We are sure he t
8、o speak English well.A. that, learnedB. that, has learnedC. if, learnedD. if, has learned()42. The boy asked I any noise from outside.A. when, heardB. why, had learnedC. whether, had heardD. what, heard ()43. Who can tell us about over there?A. what they talkB. what do they talkC. what are they talk
9、ingD. what they are talking() 44. We couldn11 find out , so we asked a policeman. A. whose bike it wasB. whose bike was itC. whose it was bikeD. whose was it bike () 45. Do you know take to get to the hospital?A. which way must weB. which must we wayC. which way we mustD. which we must way () 46. To
10、m asked to school late.A. who did often comeB. who often cameC. whyhadsheleftD. whyshehadleft() 47. I dont remember the boy by himself.A. whydidsheleaveB. whysheleftC. whyhadsheleftD. whyshehadleft() 48. Have you forgotten when he died?A. howoldhe wasB. howoldwasheC. what did he sayD. what he did sa
11、y()49. Nobody knows to visit our school.A. when will he comeB. when does he comeC. when he will comeD. when he does come ()50. Please tell us to the Science Museum.A. how can we reachB. how we can reachC. how can we getD. how we can get()51. Dont you believeto the moon by spaceship?A. that man did f
12、lyB. how did the man flyC. if man flyD. whether man fly () 52. The teacher told us A. is the earth roundB. the earth was roundC. the earth is roundD. was the earth round()53. Who knows dictionary it is?A. whosB. whoseC. whomD. who()54. Could you tell me if it a lot in summer in yourhometown?A. raine
13、dB. rainC. rainsD. is raining()55. I cant remember I sent the book to.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. whom()56. I dont know the shoes cheap enough.A. if, areB. where, wasC. that, wasD. if, was()57. Li Lei didnr t tell the teacher why yesterday?A. he didnt comeB. did he not comeC. didnt he comeD. he dont c
14、ome()58. He said that they Zhangjiajie for a holiday.A. have been toB. had gone toC. have gone toD. has gone to()59. Lacy told me she me with my English this afternoon.A. will helpB. to helpC. would helpD. is helping() 60. Jack isnt sure students there are in his factory.A. how manyB. whatC. whichD.
15、 whether参考答案01 05 DADCA 0610 ABABA1115CBABA 1620ACDBC2125BABAB2630DDCBA3135CBDAB3640CADCA4145BCDAC4650 BBACD5155 ACBCD5660 AABCA句要用一般现在时态。The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. 考语序在宾语从句中，引导词后一律用陈述句的语序。例如：I don t know where he works.我不知道他在哪儿工作。Could you tell me what she wants?你能告诉我她要什么吗？
16、 需要注意的是：宾语从句的引导词有时是由特殊疑问词转化而来的， 那么从句后用逗号还是句号，完全起决于主句的句式：若主句为陈述 句、祈使句，句末就用句号;若主句为疑问句，句末就用问号。例如 Do you know when he will come?你知道他什么时候会来吗？ I don t know what his name is.我不知道他叫什么名字。考引导词的使用1 .如果宾语从句为陈述句，则用that引导宾语从句。That本身并无 实际意义，也不作任何成分，因此常常省略。例如：I think (that) he had made a mistake.我认为他犯 了一个错误。2 .如果宾语
17、从句为一般疑问句，就用if或whether引导，此时，宾 语从句用陈述语序。例如：She asked if (whether) I could help her.她问我是否能帮助她。 注意:a.当提出两种选择时，whether用得较多，而if很少用。例如 I don t know whether he is coming or not. 我不知道他是否会 来。b.作介词宾语时，用whether而不用if。例如I am interested in whether she 11 go abroad. 我对她是否出国 感兴趣。c. whether引导的宾语从句可转移到主句前，if则不能。例如： Wh
18、ether this is true or not, I cannot say,这件事是否真实， 我说不上。3.如果宾语从句为特殊疑问句，则用连接代词who, what, which和 连接副词when, where, how, why等引导。例如：Could you tell me which class you are in?你能告诉我你在哪个 班吗？三、考时态呼应1 .当主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可用各种所需的 时态。例如：I think that she 11 be back in a week.我想她一周后会回来。I don, t know whom they are
19、 waiting for.我不知道他们正在等 谁。2 .主句的谓语动词用一般过去时，从句的谓语动词需要用过去的相应 时态，即：一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时或过去完成时。例 如：I knew what her name was.我知道她叫什么名字。She asked me if I had been to Beijing.她问我是否到过北京。特别需要注意的是：a）主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词可用各种所需的时 态。例如：He will tell you that he has just come out of prison. 他会告诉你他刚从监狱里出来。b）主句为祈使句时，从句
20、的谓语动词可用各种所需的时态。例如： Please tell me what I can do for you.请告诉我，我能为你做什么。c）当从句表达的是客观真理或事实时，从句不受主句谓语动词时态是 限制，仍用一般现在时。例如：Our geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth moves around the sun.我们的地理老师告诉我们：月亮绕着地球转，地球绕着太阳转。d）当宾语从句表示的是现阶段中的事实时，从句的时态不受主句时态 的约束。例如：He told me that
21、his father is a teacher of English.他告诉我，他父亲是位英语老师。e）当宾语从句表示的是现在的习惯动作或经常存在的状态时，从句的 时态不受主句的时态的约束，例如：She said she usually gets up at six every morning.她说她通常每天早上六点钟起床。f）当宾语从句表示的动作或状态说话时仍然在继续进行时，从句的时 态不受主句时态的约束。例如：She said they are waiting for a bus.她说他们正在等车。（现在仍然在等）另外，宾语从句的否定转移形式也值得注意：在宾语从句中，如果主 句的谓语动词是
22、表示看法、感觉的词（如I think, believe）且主语 为第一人称时，从句的否定概念一般用主句谓语动词的否定形式表 示。例如：I don t think you re right.我认为你错了。60道宾语从句单选题 ()1. Its so dark. I cant find out its a boya girl.A. if, andB. that, andC. either, orD. whether, or()2. Could you tell me if he to Shanghai?A. has goneB. had goneC. went()3. He told me she
23、 would catch the early bus.A. whichB. whetherwhythat ()4. Mrs. Green asked me I would go with her.A. whatB. whichC. whyD. that()5. I dont know the coat cheap enough.A. if, isB. where,wereC. that ,wasD. if, were()6. Call you tell me why yesterday?A. you didnt comeB. did you not comeC. didn t you come
24、D. you dont come()7. He said that they Yunnan.A. have been toB. had gone toC. have gone toD. has gone to()8. Jack isnt sure students there are in his class.A. how manyB. whatC. whichD. whether()9. Can you tell me yesterday?A. what they doB. what they didC. what do they doD. what did they do()10. I w
25、ant to know his homework yesterday evening.A. if he finishedB. whether he had finishedC. had she finishedD. has she finished()11. Do you know what this time yesterday?A. they are doingB. are they doingC. they were doingD. were they doing()12. Excuse me, can you tell me ?A. why was the train lateB. w
26、hy the train was lateC. why is the train lateD. why the train is late()13. Do you know where? Someone is looking for him.A. he isB. he wasC. is heD. was he()14. He wanted to know how long in hospital.A. she is stayingB. she had stayedC. did she stayD. she stay()15. My brother said he going his frien
27、d the next day.A. was, to meetB. would go, hasC. will go, was going toD. will go, will()16. He told me that he to London the next day.A. would goB. goC. wentD. has gone()17. He said that light much faster than sound.A. traveledB. will travelC. travelsD. is traveling()18. Our teacher said that the mo
28、on around the earth.A. turnB. turnedC. has turnedD. turns()19. He said that April the month of a year.A. is, thirdB. is, fourthC. was, fourthD. was, third()20. Do you know ?A. is it whose penB. whose pen is itC. whose pen it isD. it is whose pen()21. Can you tell me?A. who are youB. who you areC. you are whoD. who you be()22. Do you know of the three?A. which book she likes bestB. which best book does she likeC. that which book she likes bestD. which book she best likes()23. I hear the teacher will come back from the UK soon.A. whichB. thatC. whenD. whether