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1、孝感高中2020-2021学年高二6月9日考试英语试题本试卷共8页。全卷满分150分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2 .回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试 卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂 到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题
2、，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。 听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the woman probably doing?A. Searching fbr a box.B. Fixing the shelf.C. Doing some cleaning.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Amy, whats in that black box on the bottom shelf?W: You will know if you come over and clean up t
3、he garage with me, Jim. All the stuff on the bottom shelf is dads.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the restriction fbr the ride?A. Age.B. Height.C. Weight.【答案】B【解析】原文M: But I want to go on that ride! Im old enough. Do you have the restriction on the weight?W: No, but you need to stand next to that sign.
4、 If you are taller than it, you can go on the ride.3 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】While talking to Peter, I could see his attention drift.（在英国的第一次封锁下，我们的亲密关系开始变得不舒服。 在和彼得谈话时，我看得出他的注意力在转移。）”可知，在封锁下，作者和彼得的亲密关系变得不舒服， 交流不自在，结合第三段中 uFor the first time in our 10 years together, we needed to be alone.（我们在一起 10 年了，这是
5、我们第一次需要独处。）”以及 1 considered my options and hit upon an idea: the semi-solo hike.（ 考虑了一下自己的选择，想出了一个主意：半独自徒步旅行。）”可以推知，在封锁下，他们缺乏隐私，需 要独处，这促使作者采取半独自徒步旅行。故选C项。25题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Could we do a circular hike but walk in different directions?（我们可以绕着圈走， 但要往不同的方向走吗?）” 以及第七段 “I didnt see Peter on the way but r
6、eunited back where we started, both pleased.（我没有在路上看到彼得，而是回到了我们出发的地方，双方都很高兴。）”可知，半独自徒步旅行 是他们出发旅行并通过不同的路线返回同一个地方。故选D项。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据第六段中 I sat on a rock and breathed out. That moment 一 with the weak sun through the clouds and the breeze blowing - felt extraordinary to me.（我坐在一块岩石上，呼气。那一刻微弱的阳光穿过云层，微风
7、吹过一一对我来说感觉非同寻常。）”可以推知，作者坐在岩石上时的感受是自由放松的。故 选B项。【27题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据最后一段 “The semi-solo hike is admittedly silly in theory, but for me it has been a lifeline. It has given me the gift of time alone and, in a year of constant closeness, the joy of reuniting.（诚然，这种 半独自徒步旅行在理论上是愚蠢的，但对我来说，它是一条救生索。它给了我独处的时
8、间，在这一年亲密 无间的日子里，也给了我再次相聚的快乐。）”可知，本文讲述了通过进行半独自徒步旅行，作者既有独处 的时间，也有再次相聚的快乐，传递了（朋友之间）适当的距离创造美的信息。故选A项。CSelf-driving cars are just around the comer. Such vehicles will make getting from one place to another safer and less stressful. They also could cut down on traffic, reduce pollution and limit accidents
9、. But how should driverless cars handle emergencies （突发情况）？ People disagree on the answer. And that might put the brakes on this technology, a new study concludes.To understand the challenge, imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road. Even with braking, its too late to avoid a c
10、rash. So the cars artificial intelligence must decide whether to swerve （急转弯）.To save the pedestrians, should the car swerve off the road or swerve into oncoming traffic? What if such options would likely kill the cars passengers?Researchers used online surveys to study peoples attitudes about such
11、situations with driverless cars. Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls （or otherwise sacrificing their passengers） to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a hitch （困境）.Those same surveyed p
12、eople want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs even if the pedestrians would now end up dying. Jean Bonnefbn is a psychologist at the Toulouse School of Economics in France. He and his colleagues reported their findings in Science.Autonomous cars can completely change transportation
13、, says study coauthor Iyad Rah wan. But, he adds, this new technology creates a moral dilemma （道德两难）that could slow its acceptance.Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot, Bonnefbn group warns. Most buyers would want their car to be programmed to protect them in preference to other people. How
14、ever, regulations might one day instruct that cars must act for the greater good. That would mean saving the most people. But the scientists think rules like this could drive away buyers. If so, all the potential benefits of driverless cars would be lost.Compromises might be possible, Kurt Gray says
15、. He is a psychologist at the University of North Carolina. He thinks that even if all driverless cars are programmed to protect their passengers in emergencies, traffic accidents will decrease. Those vehicles might be dangerous to pedestrians on rare occasions. But they wont speed, wont drive drunk
16、 and wont text while driving, which would be a win for society.” 28. The underlined word “challenge” in paragraph 2 refers to.A. peoples negative attitudes towards selfdriving carsB. how selfdriving cars reduce traffic accidentsC. the technical problems that selfdriving cars haveD. how sei仔driving c
17、ars handle emergencies29. According to the text, online surveys show that.A self-driving cars artificial intelligence needs improvement B. the busy traffic may be a problem for selfdriving carsC. people are in a moral dilemma about driverless carsD. selfdriving cars should be designed to protect dri
18、vers30. What can we learn from the fifth paragraph?A. Regulations are in favour of drivers.B. Most people dislike selfdriving cars now.C. Selfdriving car makers are in a difficult situation.D. The potential benefits of driverless cars are ignored.31. What is Kurt Grays attitude toward self-driving c
19、ars?A. Favorable.B. Doubtful.C. Critical.D. Disapproving.【答案】28.D29. C 30. C 31. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了在遇到紧急情况时，对于无人驾驶汽车是先保护行人还是先保 护乘客的问题，道德的难题可能会限制无人驾驶汽车的吸引力。【28题详解】词句猜测题。由第一段 “But how should driverless cars handle emergencies? People disagree on the answer.（但是 无人驾驶汽车应该如何处理紧急情况呢？人们对此有不同意见）”及划线词后的
20、“imagine a car that suddenly meets some pedestrians in the road.（想象一辆汽车突然在路上遇到一些行人）”可知，challenge指代的是上文 中的“无人驾驶汽车如何处理紧急事件”。故选D。【29题详解】细节理解题 o 由第三段 u Survey participants mostly agreed that driverless cars should be designed to protect the most people. That included swerving into walls （or otherwise sa
21、crificing their passengers） to save a larger number of pedestrians. But there is a hitch （困境）.Those same surveyed people want to ride in cars that protect passengers at all costs 一 even if the pedestrians would now end up dying.（调查参与者大多同意无人驾驶汽车的设计应该 保护大多数人。这包括为了拯救更多的行人而撞向墙壁（或者牺牲乘客）。但有一个问题。同样是这些被调 查者
22、，他们希望乘坐不惜一切代价保护乘客的汽车一一即使行人会因此丧命）”可知，网上调查表明人们关 心在遇到紧急情况时，对于无人驾驶汽车是先保护行人还是先保护乘客的问题上陷入了道德困境。故选C。【30题详解】细节理解题。由第五段 u Makers of driverless cars are in a tough spot, Bonnefons group warns.（Bonnefon 的团队 警告称，无人驾驶汽车制造商处境艰难）”可知，无人驾驶汽车的制造者处于艰难的处境。故选C。31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 uThose vehicles might be dangerous to p
23、edestrians on rare occasions. But they “wont speed, wont drive drunk and wont text while driving, which would be a win fbr society.（这些车辆在极少 数情况下可能会对行人造成危险。但他们不会超速，不会酒后驾车，也不会边开车边发短信，这对社会来 说是一种胜利）”可推断，作者对无人驾驶的汽车的态度是支持和赞成的。故选A。DPeople who play drums regularly for years differ from unmusical people in t
24、heir brain structure and function.The results of a study by researchers from Bochum suggest that they have fewer, but thicker fibers in the main connecting tract between the brain hemispheres（半球）. In addition, their motor brain areas are organized more efficiently. This is the conclusion drawn by a
25、research team headed by Dr. Lara. It was published in the journal Brain and Behavior, online on 4 December 2019.The researchers were interested in drummers because their movement control far surpasses that of untrained people. Most people can only perform fine motor tasks with one hand and have prob
26、lems playing different rhythms with both hands at the same time/* explains Lara, Drummers can do things that are impossible for untrained people.nThe team intended to gain new insights into the organization of complex motor processes in the brain by identifying the changes in the brain caused by thi
27、s training. The researchers tested 20 professional drummers who have played their instrument for an average of 17 years and currently practice for more than ten hours per week. They examined them using various MRI imaging techniques that provide insights into the structure and function of the brain.
28、 They then compared the data with measurements of 24 unmusical control subjects. Both groups had to play drums to test their abilities and were then examined in the MRI scanner.Drummers presented clear differences in the front part of the corpus caHosum（月并月氐体Responsible fbr motor planning. The data
29、indicated that the drummers had fewer but thicker fibers in this important connecting tract. This allows musicians to exchange information between the hemispheres more quickly than the controls.Although drummers might be good at motor coordination, they are less active in motor tasks than that of co
30、ntrol subjects. This phenomenon indicates that a more efficient brain organization in the areas leads to less activation in professionals.32. Which has the closest meaning with the underlined word in Paragraph 2?A. Correspond with. B. Go beyondC. Differ from.D. Fall behind.33. How did the team ident
31、ify the changes in drummers* brain?A. By analyzing previous study.B. By organizing complex motor tasks.C. By testing their abilities and scanning the brains.D. By comparing amateur drummers and unmusical people.34. Which statement is true about the drummers?A. They are more active in motor tasks.B.
32、They can play rhythms more quickly.C. They have better imagination and insights.D. They have more efficient brain organization. 35. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Playing drums changes the brain.B. Playing drums can be trained.C. Playing music makes you active.D. Playing music brings b
33、enefits.【答案】32.B33. C 34. D 35. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明：经常打鼓的人在大脑结构和功能上与不爱音乐的人不同，在大脑两 半球之间的主要连接区域，打鼓的人的纤维较少，但较厚。同时他们的运动大脑区域组织得更有效率。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句Drummers can do things that are impossible for untrained people.（鼓手可 以做未经训练的人做不到的事。）可知，相比那些未经训练的人而言，这些鼓手可以做他们不能完成的事， 所以这些鼓手已经超越了他们。因而本段划线词的含义为“超越”，选项
34、B.“G。beyond”，意为“超越”，符合 题意，故选B。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The researchers tested 20 professional drummers who have played their instrument for an average of 17 years and currently practice for more than ten hours per week. They examined them using various MRI imaging techniques that provide insights into th
35、e structure and function of the brain. They then compared the data with measurements of 24 unmusical control subjects.Both groups had to play drums to test their abilities and were then examined in the MRI scanner., （研究人员测试了 20名专业鼓手，他们平均弹奏这种乐 器17年，目前每周练习超过10小时。他们用各种核磁共振成像技术检查了他们，这些技术提供了对大脑 结构和功能的深入了
36、解。然后，他们将这些数据与24名非音乐控制实验对象的测量结果进行比较。两组都 要敲鼓来测试他们的能力，然后在核磁共振扫描仪上进行检查。）可知，研究人员通过敲鼓测试20名专业 鼓手和24名非音乐控制实验对象的能力，然后利用核磁共振扫描仪上进行检查，来识别训练引起的大脑变 化。选项C与文意相符，故选C。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据侄U数第二段“Drummers presented clear differences in the front part of the corpus callosum（月并月氐 体）responsible for motor planning. The data in
37、dicated that the drummers had fewer but thicker fibers in this important connecting tract. This allows musicians to exchange information between the hemispheres more quicklythan the controls（鼓手在负责运动计划的肺脏体前部表现出明显的差异。数据显示鼓手在这个重要的连接 部位，有较少但较厚的纤维。这使得音乐家比控制体可以更快地在两个脑半球之间交换信息。）可以推知， 在大脑中，鼓手们处理信息的能力会更快，更有效
38、。选项D.“They have more efficient brain organization.（他 们的大脑组织更有效率。）与文章意思相符，故选D。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中“People who play drums regularly for years differ from unmusical people in their brain structure and function. The results of a study by researchers from Bochum suggest that they have fewer, but thicker f
39、ibers in the main connecting tract between the brain hemispheres（半球）.In addition, their motor brain areas are organized more efficiently.（经常打鼓的人在大脑结构和功能上与不爱音乐的人不同。来自Bochum的研究人员的一项研究结果表明，在大脑两半球之间的主要连接区域，它们的纤维较少，但较厚。此外，他们的 运动大脑区域组织得更有效率。）同时结合第三段中研究人员通过比较专业鼓手和非音乐人士的数据，发现 专业鼓手的大脑处理信息能力更有效。可知，本文主要讲述打鼓会使人
40、的大脑区域的组织变得更有效。所 以短文的最佳标题为“打鼓能改变大脑”。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题分，满分分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选 项。Whether you use a GPS device （设备） in your car or Google Maps on your smartphone, few of us travel anymore without digital help. 36 For one thing, GPS isnt as accurate as you might think. Whats more,
41、science is beginning to discover that people who rely only on navigational technologies may have a poor sense of place during travel.37 They soon become outdated as cities change, requiring users to continually purchase updated versions. They9re also easily damaged from exposure to water, poor weath
42、er conditions and other physical forces.However, paper maps still offer a few advantages that technologies cant For example, studying a map allows you to get a full view of where youre going, including the roads, forests, towns, historic sites, rivers and mountains youll come across along the way. M
43、any older maps are wonderful, offering a lovely feast for the eyes. 38Research by Toru Ishikawa and colleagues at the University of Tokyo found that GPS users spent 30% more time looking at their device than those who used a paper map. 39 Instead they tended to stare at their screens and follow dire
44、ctions, never gaining a full view of where they were going.Therefore, go ahead and use your GPS, but also carry a paper map as a handy backup. 40 Also it could even be a life-saver!A. It will improve your travel experiences.B. But dont hurry to fold up your paper maps.C. They also had a poorer recol
45、lection of surrounding scenery.D. Compared with digital maps, paper maps do have disadvantages.E. Whats more, paper maps tend to fbcus on smaller geographic areas.F. They can also take you back in time to have a glimpse （瞥）of history.G. In other words, they didnt see or experience much during their
46、travels.【答案】36. B37. D 38. F 39. G 40. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了使用GPS设备导航和使用传统的纸质地图的各自的优势和不利 之处。【36题详解】根据上文可知，很多人的车上，手机上都有GPS导航设备，而下文接着提到了 GPS导航的不好之处，由此 可推断出选项B “但是不要急着把你的纸质地图叠起来。”与上下文的衔接最好。故选B。【37题详解】本段主要讲述的是纸质地图的缺点，因此，本段的主题应是选项D “与数字地图相比，纸质地图确实有缺 点。”。故选D。【38题详解】本段主要介绍了纸质地图的优点，而选项F “它们还可以带你回到过去，一瞥历史
47、J也是纸质地图的优点。故选Fo【39题详解】根据上文GPS用户要比那些使用纸质地图花费更多的时间看他们的设备。及下文“相反，他们倾向于盯着 屏幕，按照指示去做，从来没有完全看清他们要去哪里。”可知，选项G “换句话说，他们在旅途中没有 看到或经历太多”与上下文的衔接最好。故选G。【40题详解】上文提到下次旅行两种地图都带上，结合下文的Also it could even be a life-saver!可知，选项A “它将改善你 的旅行体验”与下文衔接。故选A。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选
48、项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。In a recent meeting, the word culture came up 27 times in 90 minutes. Business leaders all believe a strong organizational culture is 4 to success, yet culture tends to feel like some magic force that few know how to control. In our study, we find that answering the following three questions can help transform culture from amystery to a (n)42:How does culture drive performance? After analyzing 50 major companies, we conclude:43 wework determines how well we work. The companies most famous for their cultures maximize the positive mot