专八英语考试阅读辅导题.docx

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1、专八英语考试阅读辅导题专八英语考试阅读辅导题英语等级考试当中，最重要的题型是阅读题目，很多丢分往往都 是这一部分，那么怎么做才能高分呢？下面是我为大家整理的关于专 八英语考试阅读辅导题，期望对你有帮忙！专八英语考试阅读辅导题2The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods

2、 of success, making a decision, and only then taking action to implement the decision. Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency

3、, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate action into the process of thinking.Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rati

4、onality; others view it as an excuse for capriciousness.Isenbergs recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exis

5、ts. Second, managers rely on intuition to perform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and p

6、ractice into an integrated picture, often in an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis. Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching dec

7、isions are occasionally leery of solutions suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instanta

8、neous cognitive process in which a manager recognizes familiar patterns.One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and ex

9、plain later. Analysis is inextricably tied to action in thinking/acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert.Given the great uncertainty of many of the

10、 management issues that they face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking/acting cycles is that action is often part of defining

11、 the problem, not just of implementing the solution.1. According to the text, senior managers use intuition in all of the following ways EXCEPT to_A Speed up of the creation of a solution to a problem.B Identify a problem._C Bring together disparate facts._D Stipulate clear goals.2. The text suggest

12、s which of the following about the writers on management mentioned in line 1, paragraph 2?A They have criticized managers for not following the classical rational model of decision analysis.B They have not based their analyses on a sufficiently large sample of actual managers._C They have relied in

13、drawing their conclusions on what managers say rather than on what managers do._D They have misunderstood how managers use intuition in making business decisions.3. It can be inferred from the text that which of the following would most probably be one major difference in behavior between Manager X,

14、 who uses intuition to reach decisions, and Manager Y, who uses only formal decision analysis?A Manager X analyzes first and then acts; Manager Y does not.B Manager X checks possible solutions to a problem by systematic analysis; Manager Y does not._C Manager X takes action in order to arrive at the

15、 solution to a problem; Manager Y does not.D Manager Y draws on years of hands-on experience in creating a solution to a problem; Manager X does not.4. The text provides support for which of the following statements?A Managers who rely on intuition are more successful than those who rely on formal d

16、ecision analysis.B Managers cannot justify their intuitive decisions.C Managers intuition works contrary to their rational and analytical skills.D Intuition enables managers to employ their practical experience more efficiently.5. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first p

17、aragraph of the text?_A An assertion is made and a specific supporting example is given.B A conventional model is dismissed and an alternative introduced._C The results of recent research are introduced and summarized._D Two opposing points of view are presented and evaluated.答案与考点解析1 .答案D考点解析这是一道归纳

18、推导题。本题题干中的senior managers示意本题的答案信息在第三段，由于第三段首句包含题干中 的senior managerso通过认真阅读和理解本段中所谈到的五点，我 们可推导出本题的正确选项是选项D.本题选项A、B、C所涉及的内 容分别在本段的第五点、第一点和第三点提到。考生在解题时肯定要 学会仔细归纳和总结原文所表达的每一层含义。2 .答案D考点解析这是一道句间关系题。题干已将本题的答案信息圈 定在其次段。本段中的其次句是本题答案信息的最主要来源,通过阅读和理解此句,我们可推导出本题的正确选项是D.考生在解题时肯定 要适当理解上下句之间的关系。3 . 答案C考点解析本题是一道审

19、题定位题。题干中的wh。uses intuition to reach decisions示意本题的答案信息在第四段，由于 第四段首句含有和题干中who uses intuition to reach decisions 大致相同的 the intuitive style of executive management0通过 认真阅读和理解第四段的每一句话,我们可发觉第四段的第一句话都 在强调act （行动），可见本题的正确选项应当是强调行动的选项C.本 题的答案信息来源是第四段的其次句话。考生在解题时肯定要首先精 确地审题定位,然后要擅长归纳和理解原文中的中心主旨信息。4 . 答案D考点解析

20、本题是一道审题定位题。题干中并没有明确指出本 题答案信息在原文的精确位置。在这种状况下,考生往往迷失解题思 路。在考生迷失解题思路时肯定要牢记全文中心主旨，并且抓住各段 的核心句。本文的中心主旨句在第一段的尾句。假如考生能够抓住第 一段的尾句,并结合第三段的第四、五句,就可以推导出本题的 正确 选项应当是D.考生在解题时,尤其是在迷失解题思路时,肯定要首先 抓全文的中心主旨句，同时还要抓一些明确表示启承转合关系的句子 结构。5 .答案B考点解析本题是一道段落结构题。第一句话中的do not和 其次句句首的rather是破解本题的关键。抓住这两个关键就可以推 导出本题的正确选项应当是B.考生在解

21、题时肯定要留意表示否定的 词语以及表示启承转合的词语,更要留意句子之间的相互关系。参考译文大部分胜利的高层管理人员并不拘泥于传统的推理 模式,即：首先确定目标,然后估定问题，摆出各种可能性,估量胜利率, 再做打算,最终才付诸行动去实施。相反,在这些人的日常决策过程中, 他们靠一种定义模糊的直觉应付大量相关问题,这些问题使他们必需 在一堆模糊不清，自相冲突,奇怪无比或者令人惊异的事物中做选择， 而且在考虑过程中就要有相应的行动。管理学作品的写早就留意到了实践当中一些管理者对直觉依靠 很强。不过总的来说，这些写未曾表达出什么叫做直觉。有些人将其 视作理性的对立面,还有人认为它是反复无常的（做法、性

22、格）的一个 借口。Isenberg最近对高层管理人员认知过程的讨论揭示了管理者的 直觉并不是上述的任何一种状况。高层管理者是在五个不同的方面使 用直觉。首先，他们直觉地感到有问题存在。其次，依靠直觉,管理者 们能很快表现出有教养的行为方式。这种直觉并不是任意,非理性的， 而是在多年实践磨练,和亲身体验培育出的技能的基础上形成。第三， 直觉把一些零散的数据和实际状况组合为一个完整画面，这常常表现 为一声Aha式的体验。第四，有些管理者也应用直觉来检验更理性化 分析的结果。大部分高层管理人员熟知传统的决策分析模式和工具， 那些使用这些正式的系统化方法做出打算的人常常会对一种状况保 持警惕，那就是有

23、时此方法得出的结论和他们对正确行为的感觉不符。 最终,管理者可通过直觉绕开浅显的分析而快速产生一个可能的解决 方法。这么使用时,直觉几乎是一个瞬间的思维过程,这一模式为管理 者所熟识。这些管理者用直觉方式的一个特点是思索和行动不能分开。由于 （在这种方式中）管理者在分析和解释问题之前就已经明白应当怎么 去做,他们常常是先行动,后解释。在思索D行动的循环中，分析是必 不行少的。在这其中管理者们不是靠分析他们面对的形势来思索其公司、组织的状况，而是行动和分析在高度全都地进行。由于管理者们常常面对很多不确定的状况，他们鼓舞实行各种行 动来对问题作一番深化了解。他们藉此对问题做出更深的体会。这种 思索行为循环的一个特点即：行动是确定问题的一部分,而不只是解 决问题的步骤。文档内容到此结束，欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有 需要的人。