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1、Unit 1 People of AchievementB卷能力提升一、阅读理解1. Mother Teresa was a great woman, who did a lot to improve the social conditions of mankind. Due to her contribution to society, she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize at the age of 69.She was brought up in a Catholic family. When she was only seven, she lost
2、 her father. Even as a child, she was interested in the life of missionaries （传教 士）. At the age of 18, she decided that she would become a nun. She left her home and went to join the Sisters of Loreto. It was the first step that she made towards providing services for mankind.On October 7th, 1950, M
3、other Teresa received Vaticans permission to start the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, the mission of which would be to take care of the needy, the homeless, and people who were shunned by society. Then it had a number of branches all over the country. The journey of Mother Teresa，s Missionarie
4、s of Charity started with the creation of homes for the Dying”.In 1983, Mother Teresa suffered from a serious heart attack while she was in Rome. However, she recovered. But, in late 1989, she got an attack again. Her condition went worse and in 1991, she suffered from pneumonia. Taking her health p
5、roblems into consideration, Mother Teresa decided to resign （辞职）.A secret vote was conducted in which all the nuns voted for the stay of Mother Teresa except herself. So, she agreed to continue serving as the head of the Missionaries of Charity. Day by day her health was getting worse. On September
6、5th, 1997, exactly the ninth day after her 87th birthday, this great soul departed for heaven.2. Why did Mother Teresa devote her life to the religious life?A. Because her parents had a deep influence on her.B.Because she wanted to provide services for others.C.Because she thought the life of missio
7、naries was simple.D. Because she came to know the Sisters of Loreto.They were heading towards the stairway at the far end of the corridor when Jane suddenly stopped in her track. She turned around and headed back the way they came. Tom had no idea what she was doing, but he followed her.Jane had sud
8、denly remembered the lady in her 70s who lived next door to them, who they called Makcik. Jane began banging on Makcik，s door, but got no answer. As the smoke thickened around them, Tom could see many of their neighbors一some still in their pajamas （睡衣）一running for safety. The thought of fear crossed
9、 his mind.“She would have run for safety like everyone else!” Tom cried. However, Jane refused to give up. I know Makciks still inside. z/ She said she was familiar with Makcik5 s daily routine and was certain she would still be sleeping. She pounded against the door. Go downstairs. Go now! Go! Para
10、graph 1 :Paragraph 2 ：答案以及解析、1.答案:(1)-(3)BCA解析：(1).细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知,Mother Teresa献身于宗教生活是因为她 想为别人提供服务。故选B。(2) .词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句可知 the needy, the homeless 和 people who were shunned by society是并列关系，显然这些人都是需要被社会关注的，所以此处应该是“被社会忽视的 人”。故选C。(3) .细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四句可知,Mother Teresa决定辞职是因为她的健康每况 愈下，她意识到她不能完全为需要帮
11、助的人服务。故选A。2 .答案:-(4)CAAD解析:(1).细节理解题。根据第二段的第三、四句u Accompanied only by her dog Charlie, she survived cold weather and meetings with polar bears. In fact, Charlie saved her life when one of them attacked her. ” 可知，C 项正确。(2) .细节推断题。根据文章第三段第一句 Helen goes to challenging places not only for adventure, but
12、 also for education. 可知，她旅游不仅是为了冒险，还是为了教育。(3) .主旨大意题。Helen Thayer去北极、撒哈拉大沙漠等条件极其有挑战性的地方旅游，由 此可知她是个爱探险的女人。(4) .推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 “ They hope to travel in China into Sichuan to study pandas this year.可知，他们希望今年到中国的四川研究熊猫。这说明他们还没有游览过 四川。3 .答案：1-4.BDCA解析:1.推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句 I was troubled to learn that millio
13、ns of people, most of them children in developing countries, die each year because of water-related diseases.可知，作者提到自己去印度的经历是为了说明人们缺乏清洁水的问题。故选B项。2 .词义猜测题。根据My invention is green and cost-effective可知作者有了某项发明， 再由画线词后的内容可知作者希望自己的发明用到有水污染的地方，故implementing是“应 用”的意思。3 .细节理解题。 根据 You could hear a pin drop
14、as he opened the paper with the winner，s name可知,宣布获奖名单时，你甚至可以听到大头针落地的声音。由此可知,观众都非常安静地 坐着，故选C项。4 .推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者主要按时间顺序回顾了自己在探索教育3M青年科学家挑 战赛中夺冠的经历。故选A项。5 .答案：(1)-(4)ADBC解析：(1) .细节理解题。根据第一段可知瑞典学院今年还选出了第二名获奖者，以弥补在2018 年由于一桩丑闻而没有颁发诺贝尔文学奖这件事。故选A。(2) .推理判断题。根据第二段中的 The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2018
15、was awarded to the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic (百科全书式的)passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life.可知波兰作家奥尔加托卡尔丘克因为“她的叙事想象力富于百科全书式的激情， 代表了一种跨越边界的生命形式”而获得了 2018年的诺贝尔文学奖，也就是说她的写作风格 使她赢得了这个奖。(3) .细节理解题。根据第三段中的 His representative wo
16、rks include A Sorrow Beyond Dreams and Slow Homecoming.可知Slow Homecoming是Peter的代表作之一,如果对Peter的风格感 兴趣可以看这本书。(4) .细节理解题。根据最后一，段中的 Internet users kept an eye on him in the Nobel Prize in Literature because he had become a hot guess for years.可知互联网用户关注着村 上春树是因为多年来他都是这个奖的热门人选，这说明多年来大家认为他应该获得这个奖。二、答案：EGBF
17、A解析:根据下一句 Her family was shocked because nursing was not a respected profession可知,E项“随着南丁格尔慢慢长大，她决定要当一名护士”符合该处语境。根据上句 “ Later, she visited hospitals in France, Germany and Ireland and learned everything she could. 可知，南丁格尔回到家乡后已经非常熟悉医院管理方面的知识。B项内容与上一句 The hospital left men lying on the for, and rats
18、were running everywhere. 并列，描述医院的惨状。根据上一句中的The doctors wouldnt listen to Florence” 和下一句中的“ Florence made changes可知，空格处在此承上启下，因此F项“他们很快意识到南丁格尔知道她自己 在做什么”符合该处语境。根据上一段末句中的she could set up the Nightingale Training School in Londonv 以及该段中的ucleaner and more cheerful hospitals”可知，南丁格尔经过多年的努力使 得护士成了一个令人尊敬的职
19、业。三、答案:(1)-(5)ACDDC; (6)-(10)CABDC; (11)-(15)BADBD解析：(1).根据下文的important to you”可知,这里指“一个对你来说很重要的特定的 (specific)的地方”。(2) .根据 Peters last wish to see his dog 可知，这是一个很简单的(easy)问题。(3) .由于他的状况(condition),医护人员问他的家人他是否有最后的愿望。(4) .根据下文提到的“医院禁止宠物进入”可知，此处应为不幸的是(unfortunately),他的 愿望要得到准许几乎是不可能的”。(5) .根据下文提到的“du
20、e to possible issues with infection”可知，任何种类的宠物都 被医院严格禁止(forbidden) o(6) .因为可能会发生(occur)感染问题。(7) .然而(however), Peter的护士们特意让他最后的愿望得以实现。(8) .根据下文的“，told the staff about his last wish”可知，这里指Peter的家人 (family)。(9) .根据上文提到Peter的家人告诉了护士他的最后愿望可知，此处意为“他们就接到(received) 了出乎意料的批准”。(10) .根据上文可知，这里指“他们现在就可以把Shep带到医
21、院(hospital)来”。(11) . Peter和Shep的重聚看上去既美丽(beautiful)又令人心碎。(12) . Peter的最后愿望是看一眼Shep,所以自然很高兴(happy)。(13) .很明显Shep也有同样的感受(felt)。(14) .就在他俩团聚(united)的几小时后，Peter就去世了。(15) .妻子去世后，Peter得到(got) 了这只宠物狗。四、答案：110. discovery; committed; with ; whom ; obtaining; properties; finally; be tested; hers; an解析：设空处前有定冠
22、词the修饰,作介词for的宾语,应用名词。设空处作定语，与patient共同修饰名词scientist,应用形容词。故填committed,意为“坚 定的”。with the objective of 意为“目的是”。one ofwas Tu Youyou是非限制性定语从句，关系词代指前面的some scientists,指人,作介词of的宾语,应用whomo设空处作介词before的宾语,应用动名词形式。property意为“性质，特征”时是可数名词，此处是指很多特性，所以应用复数形式。设空处修饰整个句子,应用副词形式。设空处为that从句的谓语动词，insist作“坚决要求”时，其后的宾
23、语从句常用虚拟语气， 即从句谓语用“sho句d+动词原形，should可以省略；test与the drug之间为被动关系，应 用被动语态。设空处作表语，意为“她的”，应用名词性物主代词。此处hers相当于her honourohonour在此处是抽象名词具体化,故前面应用不定冠词,honour的发音以元音音素开头,故 填an。五、答案：Tu Youyou, who is a committed scientist, was born in 1930 in ZhejiangProvince. After graduating from college, she kept on doing res
24、earch, with the objective of discovering a new treatment for malaria. After being defeated many times, she finally found artemisinin, which was acknowledged as an effective cure for malaria. For her contributions to the medical world, she was awarded the Nobel Prize in 2015. 答案：Paragraph 1:Tom notic
25、ed the flame was reaching up. Frozen with fear, he stood rooted to the spot. He comprehended the gravity of the situation and held Janes hand tightly. Both of them were coughing and their eyes were stinging. Time seemed to stand still, though they were probably there for only two or three minutes. T
26、om begged Jane to run for safety as quickly as possible. Jane tried to shield her nose from the choking smoke and shook her head. She kept pounding against the door. Tom burst out crying. Paragraph 2:Luckily, some neighbors passing by stopped and offered help. A sense of strength immediately replace
27、d the mounting fear and anxiety in Janes mind. She told them Ms. Makcik must be still in the room. They forced the door open with all their might. Sure enough, Makcik was lying in bed, unconscious. She was carried downstairs and then rushed to the hospital, where she finally came to herself. People
28、in the neighborhood felt relieved and Jane and Tom were very happy.2 .Which of the following words can replace the underlined word shunned”?A. Cared.B. Concerned.C. Ignored.D. Affected.3 . Why did Mother Teresa decide to resign from her post?A. She realized she couldnt fully serve the people in need
29、.B. She was only worried about her condition.C. She wished to lead a more comfortable life.D. She knew a heart attack would take her life away at any time.2. Helen Thayer, one of the greatest explorers of the 20th century, loves challenges. She says, I like to see what s on the other side of the hil
30、l. /z She has gone almost everywhere to do that.In 1988, at the age of 50, she became the first woman to travel alone to the North Pole. She pulled her own sled piled with 160 pounds of supplies, and during her trip no one brought her fresh supplies. Accompanied only by her dog Charlie, she survived
31、 cold weather and meetings with polar bears. In fact, Charlie saved her life when one of them attacked her. Near the end of her trip, a forceful wind blew away the majority of her supplies. The last week of the trip, she survived on a handful of nuts and a little water each day.Helen goes to challen
32、ging places not only for adventure, but also for education. Before her Arctic journey, she started a website called Adventure Classroom. On the site, she shares her adventures in order to motivate （激发）students. She explains, ,Although kids often see the world in a negative way, without hope for thei
33、r future, we work to inspire them to set goals, plan for success and never give up. Helen grew up in New Zealand. Her parents were athletes and mountain climbers. Following her parents， example, she climbed her first mountain at 9. Later, she climbed the highest mountains in North and South America,
34、 the former USSR and New Zealand.In 1996, she took on another challenge一the Sahara Desert. She and her husband, Bill, walked 2, 400 miles across it! In 2001, she and Bill traveled on foot from west to east through the Gobi Desert in Mongolia. They hope to travel in China into Sichuan to study pandas
35、 this year.Helen plans to continue taking trips. She11 use her explorations, writing, photography and environmental work to create programs for her Adventure Classroom website. She wants to inspire her students never to stop facing challenges!1 . What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A.Helen Thayer is
36、the first person to reach the North Pole.B.Helen Thayer ate nothing during the last week of her trip.C. Charlie prevented Helen being attacked by polar bears.D.Helen Thayer traveled to the North Pole together with her husband.2 .Why does Helen travel to different places worldwide?A. For education. B
37、. For fun.C. For money.D. For fame.3 .Which is the best title for the text?A. The Woman Who Loves AdventureB. A Famous WomanC. A Woman Mountain ClimberD. The Owner of Adventure Classroom4 . Which of the following places has Helen not visited yet?A. The North Pole. B. The Sahara Desert.C. The Gobi De
38、sert.D. Sichuan.3.Every summer, my family and I visit our relatives in India and whenever wetravel, my parents always remind me to drink only bottled or boiled water. On one of my trips to India, I saw children drinking water from the roadside. I was troubled to learn that millions of people, most o
39、f them children in developing countries, die each year because of water-related diseases.Living in the US, I am lucky to be able to turn on the tap and get potable water （饮用水），while one sixth of the world，s population lacks access to clean water. This year, I entered the Discovery Education 3M Young
40、 Scientist Challenge. In late June, I learnt that I was selected as one of the top 10 national finalists of this famous middle school science competition. Over the summer, I worked with Dr Jim Jonza, my scientist mentor （导师）from 3M, and developed a system that uses solar energy to purify water. My i
41、nvention is green and cost-effective, and I am looking forward to ioplementing this in places that are affected by harmful water pollution.In October, my family and I flew to 3M headquarters in St Paul, Minnesota, where the final event was to be held. For the last challenge, each of us had to presen
42、tthe invention we had been working on over the summer. The first place winner would win $25, 000, a trip to Costa Rica, and the title of America，s Top Young Scientist. At the awards ceremony, all of us waited anxiously until one of the judges, Danny Forester, started announcing The winner, he Discov
43、ery Education 3M Young Scientist Challenge is. You could hear a pin （大头针）drop as he opened the paper with the winner，s name, “Deepika Kurup!As America，s Top Young Scientist. I was given an opportunities to show my invention on national television and deliver several presentations. One of the most im
44、portant things I have learnt is that communication and teamwork are key to success. 1.Why does the author mention her visits to India?A. To express her great love for India. B. To show the problem of unclean water.C.To explain the importance of relatives.D.To compare easternand western cultures.2. W
45、hich of the following can replace the underlined word implementing in Paragraph 2?A. Researching. B. Changing.C. Finishing.D. Using.3. How did the audience react as Forester opened the paper with the winner，s name? A.They appeared calm.B.They let out shoutsof joy.C. They sat quietly.D. They dropped
46、pins to the author.4. How is the text mainly organised?A. In order of time.B. In order of complexity （复杂性）.C.In order of place.D.In order ofimportance.4.The Nobel Prize in Literature, which has been awarded annually almost everyyear since 1901, netted（净赚）the winning author 747,000 pounds, a medal an
47、d a certificate, and the legal duty to deliver a lecture in Sweden at some future dates.The winner was selected, as usual, by the Swedish Academy, which also picked a second laureate （获奖者）this year to make up for the fact that no prize was presented in 2018 because of a scandal （丑闻）.The Nobel Prize
48、in Literature for 2018 was awarded to the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk for a narrative imagination that with encyclopedic（百科全书式的）passion represents the crossing of boundaries as a form of life”. She won last year，s Man Booker International Prize for her novel Flights. Her representative works include Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead and Primeval and Other Times.The Nobel Prize in Literature for 2019 was awarded to the Austrian author Peter Handke for an influential work that with linguistic ingenuity （语言的独仓性）has explored the periphery and t