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1、二)名词性从句考点：1, that何时可以省略1) that在宾语从句大多数情况可以省略(l)We regret (that) you did not find our noouct satisfactory.(2)We told the driver ( that) we were in a hurry.特别注意：在宾语从句中，不能省略that的情况：(1)同一动词支配两个宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句的that不 能省略。He said he came from Wuhan and that he had decided tosettle in Chengdu.2) ) it作形式宾语时，一般
2、不能省略thatWe think it our duty that we should help the poor.(3)有插入语时We decided, in view of his special circumstances, that we would qive him another chance.I dont doubt, in any case, that he will nv my side.(4)通常作为不接物动词使用的动词带宾语从句时。He replied that he would not come to have the interview as he had no ti
3、me.2）在主语，表语，同位语从句中一般不能省略。温馨提示：如果去掉whatever等引导的从句，剩下部分是完整的句子, whatever引导的是让步状语从句。此时whatever可以由no matter what 替 换。如果去掉whatever等引导的从句，剩下部分不是完整的句 子,whatever引导的是名词性从句。此时whatever不能用no matter what 替换。名词性从句九大高考热点分析名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从 句。因为它是从句，因此具有句子的结构特点（即有一套主 谓成份）；同时又具有名词性特点，所以可以在复合句中作 主语、宾语、表语或同位语。
4、名词性从句是中学英语学习的 重点，也是高考的主要考点之一。我们必须弄懂和掌握以下 热点问题。一、连接词what与that的用法区别引导主、宾、表语从句时，what要充当主语、宾语或表语等 句子成分，that不作任何成分，只在语法上起连接的作用。 例如we can t get seems better than we have.A. What; whatB. what; that C. That; thatD.That; what解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句 都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当成分，所以答案是 Ao又如：caused the accident is st
5、ill a complete mystery.A. What B. That C. How D. Where解析：该题答案是A, what在主语从句中作主语，即作谓语 动词caused的执行者。在下面的例句中，that不充当任何 成份，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.二、连接词whether和if的用法区别Whether与if均为是否的意思。但在下列情况下， whether不能被if取代：1 . Whether引导主语从句并在句首；2 .引导表语从句3
6、 . Whether从句作介词宾语；4 .从句后有or notWhether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当 形式主语。It is not important who will go.It is still unknown which team will win the match.通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时，要用 连词whether,不用if；习惯上也只能说whether or not, 而不说if ,or not。例如：the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in
7、Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 解析：试题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句, 所以答案是C。但是在宾语从句中表达“是否”既可用if也 可用 whethero三、名词性从句的语序与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用陈述语序。例如：No one can be sure in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will m
8、an like解析：由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能是A。又如：You can t imagine when they received these nice Christmas presents.A. how they were excitedB. how excited they wereC. how excited were theyD. they were how excited解析：答案是B。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置 于句首，而且how和被修饰的词excited不能分裂开。四、形式主语、形式宾语当主语从句较长，而谓语较短时，常常将从句后置，而用it 作为形式主语，置于句首。
9、动词后接复合宾语，也可用it作形式宾语。例如：is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. ThisC. ThatD. It解析：所需词至于句首，同时后面有that-从句（逻辑主语）, 可见这里应该用形式主语it,所以答案是Do think, find, consider, believe, feel等动词后常带复合宾语。例如： Many people think it possible that a trade war between EU and the States wi
10、ll happen.五、Who / whoever, what / whatever 等的用法区别一般说来，what/who等含特指意义，而whatever/whoever 等含泛指意义，意为“无论什么/无论谁。例如：It is generally considered unwise to give a child he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever解析：答案是B, whatever引导一个宾语从句，并且作wants 的宾语。这里的whatever不能改成what,因为题意想表达 的显然是“无论孩子要什
11、么就给他/她什么事不明智的”，具 有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里whatever也不能改用no matter what,因为后者只能引导状语从句。又如：has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever 解析：答案是D, whoever意为无论谁，表泛指。比较下例：I can t remember at the moment who has said the words. （这里的who表特定的某人）六、Where, when, why等连接副词引导的名词性从
12、句Where, when, why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用 的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。例如： 一 I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.一 Is that you had a few days off?A. why B. when C. that D. where解析：答案是A, why引导的从句作表语，同时why在从句 中作原因状语。这里之所以选why,而不是when或where 等，唯一的依据便是句子的逻辑含义，及语境。又如（MET94）； 一Do you remember he came?一Yes, I d
13、o, he came by car.A. How B. when C. that D. if解析：答案是A,从答语“he came by car”可知这里问的 是“he”来的方式，所以用how引导。七.“介词+who（m）引导的宾语从句”与“介词+ whom”引导的定语从句的区别介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格，决定于它在宾语从句中 作主语还是宾语。例如：It was a matter of would take the position.A. who B. whoever C. whom D. whomever 解析：答案是A。这是一个含宾语从句的复合句，作介词。f 宾语的，是后面的整个句子，
14、而不是宾语从句的引导词，由 于这里引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格who （作宾语 时自然要用whom）o比较下例：Our country has thousands of excellent scientists, most of whom have received higher education at home.这是一个“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；引导定语从 句的是“most of+关系代词”而不只是这个关系代词，同时 这个引导词又作介词of的宾语，所以要用宾格whom。（注意 与介词后面的宾语从句的引导词的用法进行比较和区别。）八、连接词that的省略引导宾语从句时，that
15、通常可以省略，但引导主语、表语和 同位语从句时，that不能省。例如:China s success in manned-spacecraft travel shows our country has become one of the greatest powers in space research.A. what B. which C.不填 D. it that 解析：该句中的从句作shows的宾语，是宾语从句，又因为 从句中不缺主、宾语，所以只能用that引导；又因引导宾 语从句时that可以省略，所以答案是C。九、同位语从句引导词where, when的用法特点说明先行词内容的同位语
16、从句的引导词where, when与被说 明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须 保持一致。是比较：Then arose the question we were to get so much money.This the house the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. where B. that C. about which D. in which 解析：答案分别是（1） A （2） A/Do先行词与where, when 概念一致时，是定语从句，（2）中的house与where同表地 点，且这个关系副词wher
17、e或when可以用“介词+which” 的形式代替，所以答案A和D都可以引导。（1）题中的 question与where不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，所以 where不能改用“介词+which”的形式 That you want t。be inependent is only natural.(2)The advantage of DVD is that it gives you much better picture quality.(3)We should make people face the fact that a lot uf people die from smoking ev
18、ery year.小试身手：改错练习：l),He expressed the hope he would come to China again.2),The truth is he has never been abroad.3)Jt is reported he studied abroad last year.4),1 think it necessary we should learn English well.5),He said he couldnt tell it to you right away and you wouldnt understand.6),We decided
19、, in view of his special circumstances, we would give him another chance.7), He shouted it was not his fault标准答案：1),在 hope 后力口 that2),在 is 后力口 that3),在 reported 后力口 that4), 在 necessary 后力口 that 5),在 and 后力口 that6),在we前加that7), shouted 后力口 that2, if 和 whether 的区另!j：1)在宾语从句中，if和whether一般都可以使用.(1)1 won
20、der whetherr/if he will come today.(2)1 am not sure wether/if he is fit for the job.(3)She asked me wether/ifhe would come or not特别注意：在宾语从句中，只能使用whether的情况：(1)介词之后Your success or failure depends on whether you work hard.(2)紧跟or not时She asked me whether or not he would come.(3)某些动词如discuss, consider之
21、后They are discussing whether he is fit for the job.They are considering whether they will go there.(4)接不定式Can you tell me whether to go or to stay ?2)主语从句，表语从句，同位语从句只能用whether.Whether I will comedepends on a number of things.The question is wether he will cvme to help.The question whether we will ta
22、ke further actionhas not beendiscussed3)状语从句只能用if(此时if翻译为“如果)。I wont come if it rains tomorrow.I will go now if you will excuse me小试身手：请用whether和if填空:1),1 asked him he would come.2), I asked him or not he would come.3),Your success or failure depends on you workhard.4)we will go there is not decided
23、.5), I have no idea he will come.6),you will excuse me, I will go now.7),The question is we can finish our work bytomorrow morning.8), I am not certain he will come.9) It is not dcided he will be sent there .标准答案：1), wether/if 2), wether 3), wether 4), Wether5), wether 6), If7), wether 8),Wehter9) w
24、ether3, that和what的区别“that”在名词性从句不作任何句子成分；what在名词性成句 中要作句子成分，并且what从句常常可以换成(the)适合的n+that引导定语从句l)It is feared that many lines have been lest in the earthquake.2)1 dont know what he is thinking about.3)What we we cant getseems better than what we have.二Things that we cant setseem better than things we
25、 have.4)1 am not what I used to be ten years ago.=I am not the person that I used to be ten years ago.请用that和what填空l),My idea is you should make good use of your time.2),he will come to the discussion is certain.3),he knows about it is out of date and inaccurate.4),After was about five minutes , the
26、 teacher gave thestudents the correct answer to the question.5), Knowing it was just a difference in custom, theforeigner smiled .6), The other day, my brother drove his car at I thoughtwas a dangerous speed.7), It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out of the atmos
27、phere today .8)Jt is only natural you want to be independent.标准答案：1), that 2), That 3), What4), what5), that 6), what 7), what8), that4, what(ever)和 which(ever)的区别：which(ever)说话者心中有一定的范围；用what(ever)说话者心 中没有范围请用 what(ever)和 which(ever)填空1), team wins on Saturday will go through to the next national c
28、hampionships.2)，He is ready to accept help he can get.3), I take back I said just now.4), They are all good books. I really dont know one I should choose.标准答案：1）， whicheverwhich2）, whatever3） what4）,5,其它连接代词或副词的考查，常常根据句意即可选出。1 ）, I went to attend the lecture yesterday.（自编题） Is that you had a day off
29、 ?A whyB becauseC thatD what2）, John, go and get your backpack. It is just you left it.（自编题）A in whichB thereC whatD where3）,Do you know he will come here ?（自编题）By bike.A whyB whenC howD what4）, He said that everyone should get equal pay. That isI disagree.（自编题）A whatB whereB thatD which标准答案：1） -4）
30、,A D C B6,名词性从句都要用陈述语序；感叹句充当从句，其语序不变。They want to know when the lecture is.Peter is wondering who we have invited.He asked me who was the best player or who the best player was.He asked what was the matter or what the matter was.He asked what the time was.1These shoes look very good. I wonder.（自编题）A
31、 how much did they costB how much they costC how much were they costD how much they were cost2） , You can5t imagine!（自编题）A what a hard life Mr. Ian is living B how a hard life is Mr. Lan livingC what Mr. Lan is living a hard life D how Mr. Lan is living a hard life标准答案：1) -2) B A7,若主句动词是过去式，宾语从句一般要用
32、相应过去形式；但客观真理时态最好不变，仍然用一般现在时。1, He told me that Mr. Lan was going tobuy a car soon.2,When I was in junior middle school, my geography teacher often told me the sun risesin the east.8, 区另!J： whoever? whatever? whichever ?wherever, whenever howeve引导的从句no matter who, no matter what, no matter which, no
33、matter where.引导的从句Whatever等既可以引导让步状语从句，又可以引导名词性从 句。No matter what等只能引导让步状语从句。1)1 wont change my mind , whatever you say.=1 wont change my mind , no matter what you say.2)Whatever has a beginning also has an end.=Anything that has a beginning also has an end.3)Whoever comes J wont go to the concert.4)=No matter who comes, I wont go to the concert.5)1 would like to talk to whoever respects me.=1 would like to talk to anyone who respects me.6)You can borrow my car whenever you want.二 You can borrow my car on matter when you want.Whenever you want to come is fine with me.