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1、高考英语核心形容词副词一、表示感到压力stressed /*strest/ adj,感到压力的stressful /1stresf (a) 1/ adj.令人有压力的stress /stres/ n.精神压力，心理负担v.强调under stress在压力之下stress on sth.对某物的按压e. g. Little stress on your wound would do help to s 1 ow bleeding.对伤口施力口少许 压力有助于减缓出血。it must be stressed that.,必须着重指出e. g. It must be stressed that t
2、his test accounts for 60 per cent of your final score.必须强调的是，这次考试占了你最后成绩的60虬stress (sb. ) out (使)焦虑不安，疲惫不堪e. g. Mountainous work during the past few weeks had stressed me out.过去几周巨 大的工作量使我疲惫不堪。stress的近义词.1. pressure /prejs (r)/ n.压力under pressure面临压力，在压力之下；受到压力high pressure高压；高度紧张blood pressure n.血压
3、atmospheric pressure 气压大气压力大气2. strain /streln/ n压力; 重负3. emphasize /* emfssalz/ v.强调；重视；着重stress的反义词1. ease /i:z/ n.舒适；安逸；自在；无忧无虑2. relief /ri1li :f/ n.(不快过后的)宽慰;轻松；解脱3. relaxation /1ri : Isek1sei J(8)n/ n.放松；休息；消遣stress 与 pressure 的区别stress侧重指外来的压力，也指由于某种原因而引起的心理、生理或情绪上的紧张。pressure指工作或生活中，某事物所产生的压
4、力或影响力，e. g. She suffered from a lot of stress since her mothers illness.自从母亲生病 以来，她承受了很大的压力。e. g. The pressure of work made me ill.工作压力使我生病了。写作高分表达lay/place stress on sth.强调 / 重视某事e. g It is necessary to lay stress on the concentration as well as efficiency. 将重点放在专注度和效率上是必要的。二、表示紧张、焦虑的、不安1. nervous
5、/1n3： vSs/ adj.紧张的-nerve /n3： v/ n.神经f nervousness /1n3： vasn9s/n.紧张nervous system 神经系统feel nervous感到紧张；发慌nervous shock精神打击be nervous about/of sth.对感到焦虑；担忧；惶恐2. tense /tens/ adj.紧张的tense situation/ atmosphere/ moment 紧张的情境/气氛/时刻be/get tensed up变得神经紧张3. anxious /aeijkjas/ adj.焦虑f anxiety /ffiqzaisti/
6、 n.焦虑【相同变法】various /*vearias/ adj,各种各样的variety /vairaisti/n.种类anxious about sth.对某事感到焦虑anxious for sb.担心某人anxious to do sth.渴望做某事4. upset /| Ap1 set/ adj.不安的5. unsettled /An1 setld/ adj.不安的f settled /1 set（9）Id/ adj.安定的一 settle / set（9）1/ v.定居，安定settle down （在某地）定居下来；过安定的生活三、表示正确、准确1. true /tru:/ ad
7、j.真实的；正确的adv.真实地；准确地 come true实现，成真；成为现实be true to oneself忠于自己的理想；坚持自己的原则true love真爱；挚爱，真情f truth /tru: 0/ n.事实，真相；真实性tell the truth 说实话in truth真实地；实在universal truths 普遍真理2. right /ralt/ adj.正确的，真实的3. correct /ka rekt/adj.正确的 v.纠正correct pronunciation 正音； 正确发音f correction /karekjn/n.纠正f correctly /k
8、arektli/ adv,正确地；合适地;4. exact /ig zsekt/adj.准确的- exactly /ig 1 z2ektli/ = yesexactly speaking 确切的说5. accurate /婕kjarat/adj.精确的accurate measurement 精确测量accurate positioning 精确定位-accuracy /婕kjarasi/n.精确6. precise /prl 1 sals/ adj.精确的,准确的；precise information 精确资料f precisely /prl 1 salsli/ adv.精确地，准确地；四
9、、表示普通1. normal /no: m(a) 1/adj.正常的;普通的 normally/no： mali/ adv.通常，平常；正常地【反义】 abnormal /aeb1no： m(a) 1/adj.变态的2. common /kDinan/adj.普通的；共同的have sth. in common 有共同点3. ordinary /1: d(a)n(a)ri/adj.普通的ordinary people 普通人，一般人out of the ordinary不寻常的，出乎意料in the ordinary way 一般地;通常地e.g. In the ordinary way, y
10、ou are supposed to read at least two articles every day if you really want to improve your reading ability.应用文一建议信一般来说，如果你真的想提高你的阅读技巧的话，你一天至少要读两篇文章。【反义】extraordinary /ik1stro： d(。)n(3)ri/adj.非凡的【反义】unusual/ArJ ju： 3uM/adj.不寻常的，罕见的；与众不同的，独特的；五、表示骄傲1. proud /praud/adj.骄傲的be proud of sth.以为傲If you neve
11、r give up when you are in trouble, you should be proud of yourself. 如 果你在遇到困难时从不放弃，你应该为自己感到骄傲。2. pride /prald/n,骄傲Pride and Prejudice 傲慢与偏见take pride in sth.以为傲swallow your pride 收起自尊We take pride in our traditional Chinese culture.我们为我们的中国传统文化感到骄傲。与“骄傲”相关的近义词1. high-headed /haihedid/adj.骄傲的；自命不凡的2.
12、 overconfident /180v81konf Idsnt/adj.过于自信的; 自负的与“骄傲”相关的反义词1. modest /mDdlst/ adj,谦虚的，谦逊的；端庄的；2. modesty /mDdssti/ n.谦虚，谦逊；端庄；3. humble /hAmb（8）1/ adj.谦虚的，谦卑的；六、表示大概、几乎、差不多1. nearly /nl8（r）/ adv,差不多,几乎I wrote my poems in this manner for nearly ten years before my first book was published. 在我的第一本书出版之前
13、，我用这种方式写诗写了将近十年。2021 天津卷阅读理解】 2. almost /10： lm80st/ adv.几乎，差不多His face is almost the international symbol for genius.他的脸几乎是国际上天才的象征。2021 全国甲卷阅读理解】3. about /91baot/ prep.关于；adv.大约；周围Currently, about 35,000 works are being displayed in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see
14、 everything.目前，大约有35000件作品陈列在卢浮宫的300多个展室里，要看完所有的展品恐怕要花一 辈子的时间。2021 天津卷知识运用】4. around /81raund/ adv.大约；周围That was small fry compared with the citys Circus Maximus, which accommo -dated around 250,000 people.与该城市可容纳约25万人的马克西姆大竞技场相比，这只是小巫见大巫。【2021 全国乙 卷阅读理解】5. roughly /rAfli/ adv,粗糙地，大概地，大约地They reflec
15、t a concentrated beam of light onto the towns central square, creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.它们将一束集中的光线反射到城镇的中心广场上，形成面积大约为600平方米的阳光区域。2019 新课标卷III 知识运用】6. approximately /sprDkslmQtli/ adv.大概； 大约Race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories
16、per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking.竞走者以每小时6英里的速度前进时，每小时会燃烧大约800卡路里，这大约是他们走路时 燃烧热量的两倍。【2021 全国乙卷】七、表示放松1. relaxed /ri1Isekst/ adj.感到放松的get relaxed and entertained 获得放松和文娱relaxing /ri 1 lkslg/ adj.令人放松的，愉快的relax /r11 laeks/ v.放松，休息relax oneself放松自我，放松自己relax at h
17、ome在家放松，在家休息relaxation /iri： Isek1 selj（8）n/ n.休息,消遣，娱乐活动2. relieved /ri 1 li： vd/ adj.缓解的,松了一口气的；relieve /rlli： v/ v.缓解（疼痛或不快的感觉）；减轻（问题的严重性）；relieve stress减压，缓解压力relieve from从中解除，减轻relief /rlli： f/n.宽慰，轻松（因恐惧、忧虑或痛苦的消除而感到的）；减轻，缓解（疼 痛或不快的）disaster relief赈灾；灾难援助3. easy / 1i: zi/ adj.容易的,轻松的ease /i： z/
18、 n.容易；舒适，自在v.减轻，缓和，放松ease oneself自我安慰，泄愤，出气；抛弃心头的烦闷at ease安逸，自由自在；舒适with ease熟练地；不费力地扩展迁移1. release /ri1li: s/ v.&n.释放，解脱a sense of release 解脱感release anger 发泄愤怒2. recover /ri lkAv9（r）/ v.缓解，恢复（从疾病或心理问题中）recover from. .从中痊愈，从.中恢复写作高分表达breath a sigh of relief 松了 口气We all breathed a sigh of relief whe
19、n he left.他走了以后，我们大家都如释重负地松了口气。八、表示幸运1. lucky/1 lAki/ adj.幸运的luck /lAk/n.运气2. fortunate /fo： tjanat/adj.幸运的fortune /fo： tju： n/n.命运；运气；财富misfortune /imls 1 fo： tju： n/n,不幸unfortunate /Anfo: tjanat/adj.不幸的fortunately/1 fo: tjanatli/ adv.幸运地（是）unfortunately /An1 fo： tjonatli/adv,不幸运地 （是）相关短语1. make a
20、fortune 发财；大赚一笔e. g. Many people want to make a fortune by doing nothing, which is the reason why the gambling industry thrives.许多人都想要不劳而获赚大钱，这就是博彩行业蓬勃发展的原 因。2. fame and fortune 名利3. tell sb. s fortune 给某人算命e. g. She said she could tell my fortune.她说她能给我算命。4. be fortunate to do sth.有幸能做某事e. g. r m v
21、ery fortunate to buy the last album.我很幸运能买到最后一张专辑。5. be fortunate in having sth.幸运能拥有某物e. g. r m very fortunate in having you as my friend.很幸运能有你这个朋友。6. have the misfortune to do sth.不幸做某事九、表示耐心patient /pelJ（8）nt/ adj.耐心的，忍耐的 n.病人be patient with （to） sb.对某人有耐心patient care病人护理e. g. Hes very patient w
22、ith teenagers.他对青少年很耐心。patience /pelJ（9）ns/ n.耐心，忍耐力have patience with sb.对某人有耐心e. g. They should have patience with the process of being educated, but not be anxious to make a buck.他们应该耐心地体会接受教育的过程，而不要急于去挣钱。patiently /pelJntli/ adv.耐心地，有毅力的e. g. Whenever students have problems, it helps them very p
23、atiently and never gets bored.每当学生遇到问题时，它都会非常耐心地帮助他们，而且从不感到厌烦。impatient /impelJ（8）nt/ adj,不耐心的1. bear /be8（r）/ v.忍受，承受，容忍2. stand /st岔nd/ v.忍受，容忍；经得起，经受；3. put up with.忍受、容忍或接受某事物或某人的存在、行为或不愉快的情况4. tolerate / tolarelt/ v.宽容，容许，允许*tolerant /tolsrant/ adj.宽容的,容忍的；*tolerance /tolarsns/ n.忍受，容忍；e. g. Eq
24、ually, friends have to learn to put up with annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinion.同样，朋友之间应该学会忍受对方恼人的小毛病，并允许意见出现分歧。5. endure /IndjUQ（r）/ v 忍受，忍耐；持久;*endurant /in1 djUQrQnt/ adj.能耐劳的，能忍耐的endurance /In1 dj09r8ns/ n.持久力，忍耐力;e. g. Guests will have to endure the hoteT s -5 temperature.客人们
25、将要忍受酒店 里零下5度的温度。写作高分表达has little patience with sth. / lose patience with sth.对没耐心e. g. It seems that some youngsters have little patience with anything.有些年轻 人似乎对一切事情都缺乏耐心。十、表示伤心1. sad /ssed/adj.伤心的sadness / s岔dnas/n.悲伤，悲痛；使人悲伤的事（或难过）的事2. upset /iApiset/adj.伤心的3. sorrow / sDrau/n.悲伤；悲痛；悲哀a kind of so
26、rrow 有一种悲伤4. sick /slk/adj.生病的；伤心的；恶心的5. grief /gri: f/n.悲痛6. mourn /mo: n/v.哀悼表示伤心”的短语1. upset to do sth难过做某事2. be upset with sb生某人的气3. sorrow at/for/over sth 对某事的悲伤4. express sb.s sorrow 表达悲伤Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.舞蹈表达着爱与恨，喜与悲，
27、生与死，以及其中的任何一切。2018全国卷35. be sick of 厌烦6. make sb. sick使某人厌恶；使某人反感If you eat any more cake youH make yourself sick. 你要是再吃蛋糕，就该吐了。7. come to grief 遭难，失败Many a ship has come to grief along this shore.很多船只都在这一带遇难。8. mourn sb.s death/loss/passing 为某人的死而哀伤9. mourn for sb./sth.因失去而哀悼，忧伤The mother mourn for
28、 a dead child.母亲为已死的孩子悲伤。十一、表示惊讶1. surprised/sTpralzd/adj.感到惊讶的，意外的，诧异的（中性词）e. g. When Tom gave him the money, the panhandler was surprised and seemed grateful.当汤姆给他钱时， 这名 乞丐很惊奇而且好像很感激.surprise /sspralz/ n.惊奇，惊讶；v.使（某人）吃惊surprising /s81pralzlq/ adj.令人惊讶的surprisingly /sspralzlqli/ adv.处于惊讶，惊讶地in surp
29、rise = surprisingly（much） to ones surprise 令.（十分） 惊讶的是2. amazed /1111312（1/仃,感到惊奇的1惊讶的（褒义词）amazing /smelzli/ adj.令人惊人的，了不起的；amazement /91melzmsnt/ n.惊诧, 惊奇to one，s amazement令某人惊讶的是amazingly /smelzlijli/ adv.令人惊讶地；惊奇地in amazement = amazingly3. shocked /Jokt/ adj.感到吃惊的，震惊的；愤慨的,十分厌恶的（贬义词）shock /Jokt/ n
30、,震惊,打击，电击v.使震惊electric shock 触电culture shock 文化冲击shocking - jDklq/ adj.令人震惊的;可怕的，令人厌恶 的；糟糕的in shock休克；处于极度震惊状态4. astonished /astDnlJt/ adj.感到震惊的,非常惊讶的（中性词）astonish /s1stDnl J/ v.使吃惊,使惊讶astonishing /a1stDnlJig/ adj.令人惊讶的，惊人的astonishment /a1 stDnlJmQnt/ n.惊讶, 惊愕to one s astonishment使某人惊讶的是5. *stunned
31、/stAnd/ adj.（因惊讶、震惊而）目瞪口呆的；（受重击后）无法正常行动的， 昏倒的（阅读理解认知词汇）e. g. There was a stunned silence when I told them the news.我把消息讲 了后, 他们 惊愕得哑然一片。6. *startled /sta： tld/ adj,受惊吓了的（阅读理解认知词汇）e. g. I yelled in my dream, which startled my roommate out of his sleep.我梦中的 喊叫声惊醒了同屋伙伴.7. astounded /s1staOndld/ adj.受惊骇
32、的；被震惊的（阅读理解认知词汇）【辨析】amaze, surprise, astonish, shock都有“使惊讶，吃惊”的意思1. amaze指因发生不可能或极少出现的情况而惊讶，偏褒义，如Your ability to speak six languages amazes me!你竟会说六门语言！我太惊讶了！2. surprise多指因未预料或意外的事而引起惊奇之感，如We were surprised at finding the house empty.我们惊讶地发现房子是空的。3. astonish指出乎预料，意外发生，但又无法解释而感到大为震惊，如He was astonishe
33、d at what he found: a man was lying in the box.他所看到的使他大为震惊：箱子里躺着一个人。4. shock语气最强烈，指对感情造成强烈触动，令人无法相信，如We were all shocked at the news of her death.听到她的死讯，我们都感到震惊。表示惊讶”的短语be surprised at/with/to/by 对感到惊奇；使感到意外；对很吃惊be amazed at/to/by惊奇地：表示某人感到非常惊讶或惊奇。be shocked at/by对感到震惊：对某事或某人的行为、言论等感到非常震惊和惊讶。be asto
34、nish at对感到惊讶：对某事或某人感到非常惊讶或吃惊。1. sb s face lights up with surprise某人脸上露出惊讶的表情2. sth. comes as a surprise某事突然发生（意想不到的事）3. It amazes sb. that让某人感到惊讶4. It astonishes sb. that让某人感到很吃惊十二、表示困难1. difficult /dlfikslt/ adj.困难的 difficulty /1 dlf ikslti/ n.难题，困难have difficulty (in) sth/doing sth.做某事有困难have diff
35、iculty with sth.在某方面有困难It is difficult to do.做.是困难的e.g. Officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to breed in captivity.林姆尼港的官员们对新 生命的到来都感到十分开心，特别是因为黑犀牛以难以圈养而闻名。2. problematic /iprDblsmsetIk/ adj.有问题的二困难的problem /prob 18m/
36、n.问题，困难，疾病3. hard /ha： d/adj.困难的;坚硬的hardship /ha： djlp/ n.困难，艰苦，贫困4. tough /tAf/ adj.坚强的(人)；困难的e.g. This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and surprising recovery. 这是一段漫长的旅程，艰难困苦前所未有，但也是令人惊讶的疗愈过程。【2018 江苏卷知识运 用】5. rough /rAf/ adj粗糙的；困难的e. g. The team practice, however, was a rough start.然而
37、，游泳队的训练是一个艰难 的开始。6. challenging /1indsii/ adj,有挑战性的challenge /11ind3/ n.挑战,难题;v.挑战，向下战书;考验challenged /1tjslind3d/ a.有障碍的,伤残的challenger /1tjcel Ind39 (r)/ n.挑战者e. g. With her five-day challenge courses, she helps them get over the fear.通过 她的五天挑战课程，她帮助他们克服恐惧。2021 天津卷写作】表示困难的短语1. with difficulty困难地；吃力地
38、2. in difficulty 处境困难3. overcome difficulties 克服困难4. have difficulty (in) sth/doing sth.做某事有困难5. extreme hardship 极度困难6. meet the challenge迎接挑战；满足要求7. rise to the challenge接受挑战,奋起应付挑战十三、表示害怕1. afraid /s1freld/ adj.害怕的be afraid of sth.害怕be afraid that.恐怕害怕 2. frightened / fralt(9)nd/adj.感到害怕的fright n
39、.恐惧frighten v.恐吓frightening adj.令人害怕的3. terrified /*terlfald/ adj.感到害怕的terror n.恐惧terrorist n.恐怖分子terrible adj.糟糕的4. scared /skesd/ adj,感到害怕的scare v.恐吓scaring adj.令人害怕的5. horror /1 hDra (r) / n.恐惧horrible adj.糟糕的horrified adj.感到害怕的6. fear /fia(r)/n.恐惧 v.害怕fearful adj.令人害怕的7. panic -paenlk/adj.恐慌的8.
40、alarmed /81 la： md/ adj.感到害怕的；感到惊恐的alarm n.闹钟;警戒the alarm goes off 闹钟响了表示害怕”的短语1. be terrified of被惊吓非常害怕的极度恐惧的Dont be terrified of the difficulties.别怕困难2. be scared of害怕；对感到恐惧Remember never be scared of loss.千万不要害怕输。3. in horror 惊恐地They backed off in horror.他们吓得躲开了。4. be alarmed at使震惊对保持警觉Don，t be alarmed at this discovery or question why he may have lied to you about it. 不要为此大惊小怪，质问他为什么撒谎。5. in panic惊慌的Office workers fled in panic as the fire took hold.火势起来时，办公室人员惊慌逃出。