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1、From 2020VOCABULARY LISTB1 PreliminaryB1 Preliminary for SchoolsPreliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List UCLES 2018Introduction to the Preliminary Vocabulary ListThe Preliminary Vocabulary List gives teachers a guide to the vocabulary needed when preparing students for the Preliminary
2、 and Preliminary for Schools examinations.Background to the listThe Preliminary Vocabulary List was originally developed by Cambridge Assessment in consultation with external consultants to guide item writers who produce materials for the Preliminary examination. It includes vocabulary from the Coun
3、cil of Europes Threshold (1990) specification and other vocabulary which corpus evidence shows is high frequency.The list covers vocabulary appropriate to the B1 level on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and includes receptive vocabulary (words that the candidate is expected to unde
4、rstand but which are not the focus of a question) and productive vocabulary (words that the candidate needs to know to answer a question).The list does not provide an exhaustive list of all words which appear on the Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools question papers and candidates should not co
5、nfine their study of vocabulary to the list alone.How the list is updatedThe vocabulary of English changes over time, with words being added and other words falling into disuse. In order to maintain its currency, the Preliminary Vocabulary List is updated on a regular basis, with the decision to add
6、 or remove words being informed by reference to the Cambridge Learner Corpus and English Profile Wordlists.The Cambridge Learner Corpus is a collection of over 44 million words of English, based upon evidence of language use by learners from all over the world and from which the English Vocabulary P
7、rofile has developed. The English Vocabulary Profile shows the most common words and phrases that learners of English need to know in British or American English. The meaning of each word or phrase in the wordlists has been assigned a level between A1 and B2 on the CEFR.A preview version of the Engl
8、ish Vocabulary Profile can be accessed by visiting the website: http:/www.englishprofile.orgOrganisation of the list Word setsSome categories of words that a learner at this level might be expected to know, e.g. days of the week, are not included in the alphabetical list but are listed in Appendix 1
9、. Although grammar words (pronouns, modal verbs, etc.) are included, the Language Specification section of the Preliminary Handbook and Preliminary for Schools Handbook (available from from www.cambridgeenglish.org) should be consulted for a more complete listing. ExemplificationExample phrases and
10、sentences showing how words might be used are given only where words with different meanings need to be constrained. For example, heel is followed by I cant walk in high heels this shows that heel is limited to the idea of shoes: candidates are not expected to know other meanings, such as the part o
11、f the body. UCLES 2018Page 3 of 51Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary List Multi-word verbsMulti-word verbs are not included in the list if they have a literal meaning and are composed of verbs and particles already in the list. Examples of literal multi-word verbs are come into, sit
12、down, as in Why not come into the kitchen and sit down? If the meaning of the verb is not transparent, e.g. find out, get along, give in, then the verb is listed and an example of usage given. Topic listsIn Appendix 2, words have been grouped together under common Preliminary and/or Preliminary for
13、Schools themes, such as Food and Drink, House and Home and Sport. Not all the words in the Topic Lists headings appear on the wordlist.Unsuitable topicsCambridge Assessment English examinations must not contain anything that might offend or upset candidates, potentially affect their performance or d
14、istract them during the examination. A number of sensitive topics are considered unsuitable for use in Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools, for example war and politics, and vocabulary relating to these is not included in the Preliminary Vocabulary List.Personal vocabularyThe content of the Prel
15、iminary Vocabulary List is general in nature and is unlikely to cover completely the productive vocabulary that may be required by all candidates. Candidates should know the specific lexis they will need to describe themselves and their lives, for example hobbies, likes and dislikes.AbbreviationsAbb
16、reviations used in the Preliminary Vocabulary List are:abbrevabbreviation or acronymmvmodal verbadjadjectivennounadvadverbphr vphrasal verbavauxiliary verbplpluralAm EngAmerican EnglishprepprepositionBr EngBritish Englishprep phrprepositional phraseconjconjunctionpronpronoundetdeterminersingsingular
17、exclamexclamationvverbSummary of points to be noted The list does not include every word that may appear on a Preliminary or Preliminary for Schools paper. The list covers receptive and productive vocabulary. The list is updated regularly. Aa/an (det) ability (n) able (adj) be able to about (adv & p
18、rep) about 500 students (adv) The film is about a small boy. (prep)above (adj, adv & prep)abroad (adv) absent (adj) absolutely (adv) The movie was absolutely awful. accent (n) She has a beautiful French accent. accept (v)acceptable (adj)access (n) disabled access internet access accident (n) accommo
19、dation (n) accompany (v) according to (prep phr) account (n)accountant (n) accurate (adj) ache (n) achieve (v) achievement (n)across (adv & prep)act (n & v) in the second act (of the play) (n) to act in a play (v) Stop acting like a child. (v)action (n) active (adj) activity (n) actor (n) actress (n
20、) actually (adv) She seems a bit strict at first, but shes actually very nice. Are you actually going to take the job? ad (advertisement) (n)add (v)addition (n) in addition address (n) admire (v) admission (n) charges/cost/price admit (v)adult (adj & n)advance (n) book in advance advanced (adj) adva
21、ntage (n) adventure (n)advert (n) advertise (v) advertisement (n) advice (n)advise (v) aeroplane (n) affect (v) afford (v) afraid (adj)after (adv, conj & prep) afternoon (n) afterwards (adv)again (adv) against (prep) age (n)aged (adj)agency (n) a travel agency ages (n pl) It took ages for the bus to
22、 arrive. ago (adv)agree (v) ahead (adv) aim (n & v) air (n)air conditioning (n)air force (n) airline (n) airport (n) alarm (n) alarm clock (n) album (n) alike (adv) alive (adj)all (adj, adv, det & pron)all right/alright (adj, adv & exclam)allow (v)almost (adv)alone (adv & adj) along (adv & prep) alo
23、ud (adv) alphabet (n) already (adv)also (adv) although (conj) altogether (adv) always (adv)a.m. (adv) amazed (adj) amazing (adj) ambition (n) ambulance (n) UCLES 2018Page 39 of 51Preliminary and Preliminary for Schools Vocabulary Listamong (amongst) (prep)amount (n) amusing (adj) an (det) ancient (a
24、dj) and (conj) angry (adj) animal (n) ankle (n) anniversary (n) announce (v)announcement (n)annoy (v)annual (adj)another (det & pron) answer (n & v) answerphone (n)ant (n)antique (adj & n) anxious (adj) any (det & pron) anybody (pron) anymore (adv) anyone (pron) anything (pron) anyway (adv) anywhere
25、 (adv) apart (adv)apart from (adv) apartment (n) apartment building (n) apologise (v)apology (n)app (n) Download the app to your phone. appear (v)appearance (n) apple (n) application (n) job application application form apply (v)appointment (n) approach (v) approve (v) approximately (adv) architect
26、(n) architecture (n) area (n)argue (v) argument (n) arm (n) armchair (n) army (n)around (adv & prep) arrange (v) arrangement (n)arrest (v) arrival (n) arrive (v) art (n) article (n) artist (n)as (conj & prep) ashamed (adj) ask (v)asleep (adj)as long as (phr) aspirin (n) assist (v) assistant (n) astr
27、onaut (n)as well (as) (prep & adv)at (prep)at / (n) My email address is davidcambridgeesol.orgat all (prep phr) at first (prep phr) athlete (n) athletics (n)at last (prep phr) at least (prep phr) atmosphere (n)at once (prep phr)at present (prep phr)attach (v) attack (n & v) attempt (v) attend (v) at
28、tention (n)at the same time (prep phr)attitude (n) attract (v) attraction (n) attractive (adj) audience (n) aunt (n) author (n)autumn (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng: fall) available (adj)average (adj & n)avoid (v) awake (adj) away (adv) awesome (adj) awful (adj) Bbaby (n) babysit (v) babysitter (n)back (adv,
29、adj & n) background (n) backpack (n) backpacker (n) backpacking (n) backwards (adv) bad (adj)badly (adv) badminton (n) bag (n) baggage (n) bake (v) baker (n) balcony (n) bald (adj)ball (n) ballet (n) balloon (n) banana (n) band (n) bandage (n) bank (n)bank account (n)banking (n)bar (n)barbecue (n &
30、v) barber (n) baseball (n) base on (phr v) basic (adj)basin (n) basket (n) basketball (n) bat (n)bath (n & v) bathing suit (n) bathroom (n) bathtub (n) battery (n) battle (n)bay (n)be (av & v) beach (n) bean (n) bear (n) beard (n) beat (v)beautiful (adj) beauty (n) because (conj)because of (prep phr
31、)become (v) bed (n) bedroom (n) bee (n)beef (n)before (prep, adv & conj)begin (v) beginner (n) beginning (n) behave (v) behaviour (n)behind (prep & adv)believe (v) bell (n) belong (v)below (adv & prep)belt (n) beneath (prep) benefit (n & v) be over (phr v) The game is over youre too late! beside (ad
32、v & prep)besides (prep) best (adj & adv) bestseller (n) better (adj & adv)between (prep & adv) beyond (prep & adv) bicycle (n)big (adj) bike (n) bill (n) electricity bill bin (n)biography (n) biology (n) bird (n)birth (n) birthday (n) biscuit (n) bit (n)bite (v)bitter (adj) black (adj & n) blackboar
33、d (n) blame (v) blank (adj) a blank piece of paper blanket (n)bleed (v) blind (adj) block (n) Shall we walk round the block? block of flats blog (n)blogger (n) blond(e) (adj) blood (n) blouse (n) blow (v)blue (adj & n) board (n & v) board game (n)boarding pass (n)boat (n) body (n) boil (v) boiled (a
34、dj) bold (adj)bomb (n & v) bone (n) book (n & v) bookcase (n) booking (n) I have a booking for the 19th. booking office (n)bookshelf (n)bookshop (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng: bookstore) bookstore (n) (Am Eng) (Br Eng: bookshop) boot (n) a pair of boots the boot of the car (Am Eng: trunk) border (n)bored (ad
35、j) boring (adj) born (adj) borrow (v) boss (n)both (pron & det)bother (v) Sorry to bother you, can you tell me the time? My jobs hard but that doesnt bother me. Sorry Im late, Ill do it now. Dont bother!bottle (n) bottom (adj & n) bowl (n)box (n)boy (n) boyfriend (n) bracelet (n) brain (n) brake (n
36、& v) branch (n)brand new (adj) brave (adj) bread (n)break (n & v)break down (phr v) The car has broken down. breakfast (n)break in (phr v) Someone broke in and stole the computer.break up (phr v) When does school break up? The pop group has broken up.breath (n) breathe (v) breeze (n) bride (n) bridg
37、e (n) brief (adj) bright (adj) brilliant (adj) bring (v)bring up (phr v) She was brought up in London. broad (adj)broccoli (n) brochure (n) broken (adj) brother (n) brown (adj & n) brush (n & v) bucket (n)bug (n) He found a bug in his bed. build (v)building (n)bulb (n) light bulb bull (n)bunch (n) a
38、 bunch of flowers a great bunch of friends burger (n)burn (v) burning (adj) bury (v)bus (n)business (n) businessman (n) businesswoman (n) bus station (n)bus stop (n)busy (adj)but (conj & prep)butcher (n) butter (n) butterfly (n) button (n) buy (v) buyer (n) by (prep)by accident (prep phr)by hand (pr
39、ep phr) by mistake (prep phr) by name (prep phr) bye (exclam) Ccab (n) cabbage (n) cabin (n) cabinet (n) cable (n) caf/cafe (n) cafeteria (n) cage (n) cake (n) calculator (n) calendar (n) calf (n)call (n & v)call for (phr v) Ill call for you at 7. call in (phr v) She called in to see a friend. calm
40、(adj)camel (n) camera (n) camp (n & v) camping (n) campsite (n) can (n & mv) canal (n) cancel (v) candidate (n) candle (n) candy (n) canteen (n) cap (n)capital (adj & n) capital city capital letter the capital of Italy captain (n)car (n)card (n) birthday card credit card card game cardboard (adj & n
41、) care (n & v) take care of someone (n) to care (about/for) someone / something (v)career (n) careful (adj) carefully (ad) careless (adj)car park (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng: parking lot) carpet (n)carrot (n)carry (v)carry on (phr v) He carried on walking despite the rain. carry out (phr v) She carried out
42、 the plan according to the instructions.cartoon (n)case (n) Would you like me to carry your case? Ill make an exception in this case. cash (n)cashpoint (n) castle (n) casual (adj) casual clothes cat (n)catch (v) cathedral (n) cattle (n) cave (n)CD (n)CD player (n) ceiling (n) celebrate (v) celebrati
43、on (n) celebrity (n) cell phone (n) cent (n)centimetre (cm) (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng:centimeter) central (adj) central heating (n) centre/center (n) century (n)cereal (n) ceremony (n) certain (adj) certainly (not) (adv) certificate (n)chain (n)chair (n) challenge (n & v) challenging (adj) champion (n) c
44、hampionship (n) chance (n) change (n & v) changing room (n) channel (n) chapter (n) character (n) charge (n & v) charity (n) She words for a charity. charming (adj)chat (n & v) to chat onlinechatroom (n)chat show (n) (Br Eng) (Am Eng: talk show) cheap (adj)cheat (v)check (n & v)check in (phr v) They
45、 checked in to a hotel. check-in (n) Your keys are at the check-in desk. check out (phr v) He checked out of the hotel at the end of his stay.checkout (n) cheek (n) cheerful (adj) cheers! (exclam) cheese (n)chef (n) chemist (n) chemistry (n) cheque (n) chess (n)chest of drawers (n)chicken (n) child
46、(n) childhood (n) chilli (n)chin (n)chip (n) I love fish and chips. chocolate (n)choice (n) choose (v) cinema (n) circle (n) circus (n) city (n) clap (v) class (n) language class first class, second class classical (adj) classical music classmate (n) classroom (n)clean (adj & v) cleaner (n) clear (adj & v) clearly (adv) clever (adj) click (n & v) cliff (n)climate (n) climb (v) climbing (n) clinic (n) clock (n)close (adj, adv & v)closed (adj) clothes (n pl) cloud (n) cloudy (adj) clown (n) club (n) to join a club coach (n)coast (n) coat (n) coconut (n) cod (n) coffee (n) coin (n) cola (n)cold