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1、考向04不怎么考查算数的“数词”数词在高考中的考点并不多，主要涉及到基数词、序数词，基序数词的准换和特殊用法，以及有数词 参与的语法结构中结合冠词等考查。我们在这一小节会全面讲解，同时，一些常用的数词表达也会为大家 在最后附表总结。知识点1：基数词表示数量的词叫基数词。1 12的基数词是独立单词;1319的基数词都是以-teen结尾的，要注意thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的拼法稍有不同;20 90的十位数,以后缀-ty结尾,要注意twenty, thirty, fifty, eighty 的特殊点。如下表：1 12131920 90百、千、百万、十亿1 一 one11
2、一eleven20 一 twenty100a hundred2 一 two12 twelve30 thirty1,000a thousand3 一 three13thirteen40 forty1,000,000a million4 一 four14fourteen50-fifty1,000,000,000一5 一fifteen60 一 sixtya billion（美）6 一 six16一 sixteen70 一 seventya thousand million（英）7一 seven17一 seventeen80 一 eighy8 一 eight18eighteen90 一 niney9n
3、ine19nineteen10ten1 .【考查点工基数词的读法1）三位数的读法:第一个数字+ hundred +and+后面的一位或两位数字。如:107one hundred and seven;765seven hundred and sixty-five o2）1, 000以上的数的读法:先从后向前数，每三位数加一个逗号，第一个逗号前的数字用thousand（千），第二 个逗号前的数字用million（百万），用”几十thousand表示几万，以几百thousand”表示几十万“，用” 几十 million表示几千万,用几百 million”表示“几亿“。如:13, 789, 653th
4、irteen million seven hundred附表3：不定数量词“多”的表示法列表被修饰名词的数英语表达汉译修饰可数名词dozens of几十、许多scores of许多many, a good(great) many, many a (饰单数可数许多、大量名词)hundreds of数以百计thousands of thousands upon thousands of成千上万millions of数百万billions of亿万much , a great (good)deal of,修饰不可数名词许多、大量a large amount of,large amounts ofa
5、lot of /lots of,plenty of, a large quantity修饰可数名词或不可数of,许多、大量名词large quantities ofand eighty-nine thousand six hundred and fifty-three 02 .【考查点工数词的复数形式1）表示几十岁时。如“二十多岁”说twenties,表示的是20岁到29岁。依次类推，thirties表示“三十几岁”， forties表示四十几岁。但“十几岁”不可说tens,而要说teens,指13岁至19岁，in one，s+基数词复数” 也是一个比较重要的知识点。形式如：He died i
6、n his thirties.She is in her teens.2）表示几十年代时,如：“二十世纪八十年代”写成1980s或19801,均读作nineteen eighties,指的是1980 至1989年这十年间，需注意的是，年代用文字表示时则不可用s形式。如：Great changes took place in the 1970s.History has entered the eighties.3）表示不确定数目时,这时要在million, thousand, hundred等词后力口上-s并与of连用,表示大约多至“数以计”,但millions of等前不能再加基数词,却可加s
7、ome, several等表示不确定数目的修饰语，而million, thousand, hundred等词前面有数字时，就不能再加-s,也不能加of如：Millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun.Some hundreds of new buildings have been put up here this year.There are two thousand students in my school.4）当基数词用作可数名词或用于某些固定词组中时，也要用复数。如：How many sevens a
8、re there in forty-nine?49 里面有多少个 7?They arrived by twos and threes.他们三三两两的来了。Wait a minute.ril be finished in two twos.请等一下，我马上就来3 .【考查点工数词和名词单数一起作定语，中间用连字符连接。a seven-year-old girl 一个七岁的女孩a two-thousand-word article 一篇 2 千字的文章4 .【考查点工当基数词和序数词同时修饰一个名词时，序数词一般放在基数词前；但如果序数词充当描绘 性修饰时，则放在基数词后。He is one of
9、 the first five students.他是前五名的学生之一。He won three first prizes.他获得三次第一名。知识点2：序数词表示数目顺序的词叫序数词。序数词的构成规则，如下表:范围特点实例特殊情况1-19基数词词尾加thfourth, sixth, seventh第一、第二和第三的序数词 分别是 first, second 和 third; eight在变为eighth时少了一 个字母t； nine在变为ninth 时去掉了一个字母“e”;以 “ve”结尾的基数词变序数词 时，须将“ve”改为然后 再加 “th”。five-fifth , twelve 一 t
10、welfth20,30, - 90各十位数字变y为i后加thtwentytwentieth, thirty 一 thirtieth sixty-nine 一 sixty-ninth21-29313991-99只须变个位的基数词为序数词twenty-tw 一 twenty-second forty-fourfbrty-fourth sixty-ninesixty-ninth我们可以按照一个简单的口诀进行基数词和序数词转换的记忆；1, 2, 3特别记（one-first, two-second, three-third这三个词变化没有规律，需要单独记）8力口h 9去e（eight-eighth,
11、nine-ninth, eight 直接加 h, nine 需要去 e 再加 th）ve要用f替（主要是 five 和 twelve, ve 变成 f,再加 th, five-fifth, twelve-twelfth）见y变ie,再加th（主要是针对整十数，例如twenty-twentieth）要变几十几，只变各位就可以（变成第几十几，不用管十位，只变个位上的数就可以，例如twenty-one-twenty-first） 不在口诀内的部分，只需要在基数词后面加th就可以【考查点】序数词前是需要加定冠词the的，但也有不用定冠词的情况1）表示顺序的语气很弱，具有“又一”、“再一”的意思时，其前
12、要用不定冠词，不用定冠词。如: LHe cast the net a second time.2.A third bullet passed.2）序数词前己有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格或every时，不用定冠词。如：LHe made his first set in an old box.2.Berlin in 1929 held a public celebration on Einstein9s fiftieth birthday.3）在表示分数的序数词前不用定冠词。如：From then on Bashi toured three-fourths of Beijing.Two-thi
13、rds of the area is covered by trees.4）数词与名词构成复合名词时，不用定冠词。如：There is a first-class hotel over there.He went to a second-hand bookshop.5）序数词用作副词时，不用定冠词。如：Why did the captain first hesitate in letting the boy risk climbing the tree?First come, first served.6）在一些由序数词构成的固定词组里不用定冠词。如：1 .at first 2.first o
14、f all3.from first to last知识点3：数词的功能L【考查点】序号表示法（2）事物名词的序号表达法有什所不同：对于一些小序号可有序数词也可用基数词表达.形式分别为：the +序数词+名词；名词+基数词。如：第一次世界大战可以表示为the First World War或World War One。对于一些大序号我们通常只用一种表达法，即名词+数词。如：501号房间表示为Room 501, 538路公共汽车表示为Bus 538。可用a/the + number +基数词+名词。如：a No.5 bus一辆五路公共汽车，the No.8 bus那辆8路公共汽车。2 .【考查点】
15、倍数的表达方式一般情况下我们用以下四种倍数表达方式：(1)倍数用在as +形容词/副词(原级)+ as结构之前。如：They have three times as many cows as we do.(2)倍数放在形容词或副词的比较级之前或by +倍数用在比较级之后。如：This rope is four times longer than that one.They produced more products in 2001 than those in 2000 by twice.(3)倍数用在表示度量名词前，其基本结构为：倍数+ the + size / length / weigh
16、t . + of +表示比较对象的 名词，也可用于倍数+ what引导的从句中。如：This room is three times the size of that one.The college is twice what it was 5 years age.You cant imagine that rats eat 40 to 50 times their weight.(4)主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+形容词(副词)比较级+ than。例如：The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.今年
17、比去年粮食产量增加8%o3 .【考查点】大约数的表示方法(1)用ten、dozen score hundred、thousand、million等数词的复数后加of短语来表示几十、几百、上千、 成千上万等大约数概念。如：The little boy buys dozens of pencils every term.Thousands of people died in the earthquake.Every year tens of thousands of people go to work in Guangdong Province.(2)用、less than under below
18、 almost nearly up to 等来表示小于或接近某数目。如：He is good at English, so he can finish the paper in less than two hours.(3)用morethan、over above beyond or more等来表示超过或多于某个数目。如：Peking University has a history of more than 100 years.(4)用 or、or so about around some more or less 等表示在某一数目左右。如：About 50 people were pre
19、sent at that time.(5)用to、from . to. between.and表示介于两数词。如：His salary rises from 20 dollars a week to 35 dollars a week.(6)注意事项：dozen score hundred thousand、million作数词表示确切数量时,不用复数。如：three score, five dozen, seven million 等。4 .【考查点】分数的表达方式(1)分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1时，分母用复数。如：one-third三分之一，three-sevenths 七分之
20、三。(2)分子与分母之间加in,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one in ten十分之一，five in eight 八分之五。(3)分子与分母之间加out of,分子在前，分母在后，分子分母都用基数词。如：one out of ten十分之一， five out of eight 八分之五。5 .【考查点】百分数的表示法(1)表示百分数直接将数词放在单词percent前面即可，如：twenty percent百分之二十。(2)分数和百分数后面不能直接接名词或代词，而用以下形式：分数/百分数+of +冠词/限定词+名 词/代词，其谓语动词与of后的名词在人称和数上保持一致,如：
21、Two-thirds of the money was spent on food.About seventy percent of the earth surface is covered by water.6 .【考查点】小数的表示法小数的表示法，小数点前的总值发同其他数词一样，小数点用poi叫小数点后面的数读成个位数，如：9.65 表示为 nine point six five。218.39 表示为 two hundred and eighteen point three nine。知识点4： score(二十)，dozen (打；十二个)的用法1)当dozen与基数词或many,sev
22、eral等连用时，不加“-s”，所修饰的名词前常省去of。但是，在a dozen of these people, two dozen of them等短语中应加of。这是因为习惯上在these, those, us等词前该用dozen of的缘故。two dozen books 两打书 two (many,several)dozen pencils 两打 (J L 打) 铅笔some dozen people是“若干打的人(几十个人，许多人)2) score 意为“二十”。two score of people 中应加 of,但 three score and ten people, “70
23、 人”中不加 of。scores of people意为“许多人工上述这两个词的复数形式与of连用时，表示不确切的数量，意为“许多”，大量的如:fbr dozens of years 好几十年以来scores of years ago 许多年前 scores of times 许多次课堂例题【彳列题 1 1 people in the world are sending information by E-mail every day. A. Several millionB. Many millionsC. Several millionsD. Many million【答案】：A 本题考查的
24、是million表示确切数量的用法。million前需用数表确切数量，而不用many这 类词，但可说many m川ions of （上百万的），故本题中用Several million。【彳列题 2 】The number of people invited fifty, but a number of them absent fbr differentreasons.A. were ; was B. was ; was C. was ; were D. were ; were【答案】：C 本题考查的是the number of +名词与a number of +名词作主语时谓语的单复数问题。
25、the numberof是“的数目，作主语时谓语动词用单数，而anumberof后接可数名词的复数形式，作主语时 谓语动词用复数形式，故此题最佳选项为C。【彳列题 3 】Shortly after the accident, two police were sent to the sport to keep order .A. dozens of B. dozensC. dozenD. dozen of【答案】：C此题考查的是数词dozen表示确切数量时的用法,dozen表示确切数量时用其单数形式，当dozens 的复数后接。f时则表示不确切数量，本题答案为C。【彳列题 4】It took u
26、s quite a long time to get here. It was journey.B. a three hourC.a three-hour D. three hours【答案】：C该题考查数词加名词构成的合成词的用法。three-hour中间需加连字符左前置定语，journey可 数需加不定冠词a。题意：用了很长时间才到那里。那是三个小时的旅程。彳列题 5 The house rent is expensive , Ive got about half the space I had at home and Im paying here .A. as three times m
27、uchB. as much three timesC. much as three timesD. three times as much【答案】：D考查倍数的表达方式，在表达倍数时，倍数都应位于原级或比较级之前，因此D正确。附表1：英语中年月日、点钟、序数词、分数词、算式列表示例英语表示法2001. 6. 30June 30,2001 30June,2001 30thJune, 20017： 25seven twenty-five twenty-five past even12:54twelve fifty four six to one9:15nine fifteen a quarter
28、past nine2:30two thirty half past two21:50twenty-one fifty 9:50p.m.第21twenty-first第123one hundred and twenty-third12a half2工5two and two-fifths20%20 per cent 20 percent第七路公共汽车Bus Number Seven第201房间Room 201人民路153号153 Renmin Road4+8=12Four plus eight is twelve11-7=4Eleven minus seven is four.6x5=30Six
29、 times five is thirty.20+5=4twenty divided by five is four.ABA is more than B.ABA is less than B.A=BA is approximately （近似地，大约）equals to B.ABA is not equal to B.附表2：约数表示法列表含义英语表达例句大于某数more thanHe has lived here fbr more than twenty years.overshe is over fifty.or moreTherefre thirty people or more in
30、 the meeting-room.小于某数less thanI have less than (not more than )fifty dollars.underChildren under seven are not allowed to enter.belowHe would not sell it fbr below a hundred fifty dollars.or lessThe coat might cost him sixty dollars or less.大约（某数）nearlyShe is nearly fifty now.almostIts almost three oclock.up toUp to ten men can sleep in this tent.orHe spent four or five days writing the article.or soThe distance is twenty miles or so.aboutI visited that village about three years ago.someTheir team has some four or five players.