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1、阅读理解2023教育部新课标四省联考D篇We all know that unpleasant feeling when were talking about something interesting and halfway through our sentence were interrupted. But was that really an interruption? The answer depends on whom you ask, according to new research led by Katherine Hilton from Stanford University
2、.Using a set of controlled audio clips （录音片段），Hilton surveyed 5,000 American English speakers to better understand what affects peoples perceptions of interruptions. She had participants listen to audio clips and then answer questions about whether the speakers seemed to be friendly and engaged, lis
3、tening to one another, or trying to interrupt.Hilton found that American English speakers have different conversational styles. She identified two distinct groups: high and low intensity speakers. High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and conside
4、r talking at the same time a sign of engagement. Low intensity speakers find it rude to talk at the same time and prefer people speak one after another in conversation.The differences in conversational styles became evident when participants listened to audio clips in which two people spoke at the s
5、ame time but were agreeing with each other and stayed on topic, Hilton said. The high intensity group reported that conversations where people spoke at the same time when expressing agreement were not interruptive but engaged and friendlier than the conversations with moments of silence in between s
6、peaking turns. In contrast, the low intensity group perceived any amount of simultaneous（同时）chat as a rude interruption, regardless of what the speakers were saying.“People care about being interrupted, and those small interruptions can have a massive effect on the overall communication/5 Hilton sai
7、d. Breaking apart what an interruption means is essential if we want to understand how humans interact with each other/91. What does Hiltons research focus on?A. What interruptions mean to people.B. Whether interruption is good or not.C. How to avoid getting interrupted.D. Why speakers interrupt eac
8、h other.2. What do participants of the study need to do?A. Record an audio clip.B. Answer some questions.C. Listen to one another.D. Have a chat with a friend.3. What do low intensity speakers think of simultaneous chat?A. Its important.B. It*s interesting. C. Its inefficient.D. Its impolite.4. What
9、 can we learn from Hiltons research?A. Human interaction is complex.B. Communication is the basis of life.C. Interruptions promote thinking.D. Language barriers will always exist.2023浙江1月B篇Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if youre looking to live a more susta
10、inable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwa口en.I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. Fve
11、learned a few things along the way though, which I hope youll find encouraging if youre doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, s
12、haring how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.Yet as the months of reduc
13、ing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didnt need. Since I had my own toiletries（洗漱用品）,I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out
14、a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household wont entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others
15、 comment on what you*re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably wont do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.So here is my advice: Lead by action.5. What do the underlined words jump on that bandwa
16、gon mean in the first paragraph?A. Share an apartment with you.C. Transform your way of living.B. Join you in what youre doing.D. Help you to make the decision.6. What was the attitude of the authors father toward buying groceries with jars?B. He was favorable to it.D. He didnt care about it.B. She
17、respects others privacy.D. She is a determined person.A. He disapproved of it.C. He was tolerant of it.7. What can we infer about the author?A. She is quite good at cooking.C. She enjoys being a housewife.8. What is the text mainly about?A. How to get on well with other family members.B. How to have
18、 ones own personal space at home.C. How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.D. How to control the budget when buying groceries. 2019课标I卷D篇During the rosy years of elementary school（小 学）,I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of
19、 the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein
20、, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables9 plays-well- with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships Jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then the
21、res the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinsteins studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary scho
22、ol, are “most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.”In one study, Dr. Prinslein exaniined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. “We found that the least well-liked teens had bec
23、ome more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us.Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on
24、a play date-sharing, kindness, openness carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.In analyzing his and other research, Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible fbr those o
25、utcomes, too. Being liked creates opportunities for learning and fbr new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage/ he said.9. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?A. Unkind.B. Lonely.C. Generous.D. Cool.10. What is the second paragraph mainly
26、 about ?A. The classification of the popular.B.The characteristics of adolescents.C. The importance of interpersonal skills.D.The causes of dishonorable behavior.11. What did Dr. Prinstein9s study find about the most liked kids?A. They appeared to be aggressive.B.They tended to be more adaptable.C.
27、They enjoyed the highest status.D.They performed well academically.12. What is the best title for the text?A. Be Nice一You Wont Finish LastB. The Higher the Status, the BetterC. Be the Best一You Can Make ItD. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness2018课标n卷D篇Weve all been there: in a lift, in line at th
28、e bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.Whats the problem? Its possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. Its more likely that none of us start a conversation bec
29、ause its awkward and challenging, or we think its annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say its an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but
30、 we cant forget that deep relationships wouldnt even exist if it werent fbr casual conversation. Small talk is the grease（润滑齐U） for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. Almost every great love story and each big bus
31、iness deal begins with small talk J he explains. The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.”In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to
32、seek out an interaction（互动）with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. Ifs not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husb
33、andsays Dunn. But interactions with peripheral（边缘的）members of our social network matter for our well-being also.”Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts wit
34、h small talk. Small talk is the basis of good manners J he says.13. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A. Addiction to smartphones.B. Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C. Absence of connnunicalion between strangers.D. Impatience with slow service.14. What is important for su
35、ccessful small talk according to Carducci?A. Showing good manners.B. Relating to other people.C. Focusing on a topic.D. Making business deals.15. What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A. It improves family relationships.B. It raises peoples confidence.C. It matters as much as a fo
36、rmal talk.D. It makes people feel good.16. What is the best title for the text?B. Ways of Making Small TalkD. Uncomfortable SilenceA. Conversation CountsC. Benefits of Small Talk 七选五 2022全国乙卷Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）longdistance
37、friendships.Set a regular dateLong-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact （联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. 1.More isnt always merrierMake sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequ
38、ently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both. 2, There are alternatives to constant writtencommunication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.Practise empathy （共情）3. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time dema
39、nds placed onthe friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.4Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort
40、 goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. Dont rely on technology alone5 but long-distance friendships - even close ones - may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out
41、 chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.A. Remember important datesB. Compensate by writing lettersC. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeperD. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to itE. Friends need to ta
42、lk about their preferred methods of communicationF. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social mediaG. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind2021全国乙卷According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, its not difficult to make yourself interesting at a
43、dinner party.6 if youre out of your comfort zone or if youre wandering into somebodys house for the first time. So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a que
44、stion other than What do you do for a living?”, youU be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is youre talking to. 7, it can bring in I have this old, broken-down vehicle or I rode the bus with these crazypeople who were laughing at silly jokes in the back. It just opens
45、 up conversation.8? If you cant take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox（讲台）.If youre the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from thesituation. 9.And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you
46、re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞 扬）10 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell meall about it”So being interesting at a dinner party isnt tha
47、t hard.A. How do you know the hostB. The first step is to go exploringC. If you ask the question How did you get here?”D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangersE. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to sayF. What about that person who had too much to drink
48、or wont stop talkingG. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 2020课标II卷Emoji（表情符号）and Workplace CommunicationIn Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and play. 11. Its been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are usingemojis at work.Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping intention clear. 12, encouraging better and more frequent communication.In any