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1、考向07不想属于谁又要连接谁的“连词”连词是用来连接词，短语，从句或句子的词.连词不作成分.连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。并列连 词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语 法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等。所以，就要 求同学们掌握并列连词和从属连词的用法，要牢记定连词的用法和规则，并能灵活运用。知识点一：连词分类考点1:并列连词并列连词可用来连接词与词，词组与词组，分句与分句。常用的并列连词有:and （和），as well as （既”又），both . and （不但，而且）,not o
2、nly . but also （不但, 而且），notbut （不是,，而是是neithernor （既不,也不）,eitheror （不是,就是），or （或者），but （但 是），yet （然而），for （因为），so （所以），while （而），when （这时）等。如：Both my brother and my sister are teachers.His room is bright but mine is gloomy （暗沉沉的）.He can not only repair radios but also fix them.It is a glorious （光荣的）
3、yet difficult task.这是一项光荣而艰巨的任务。There are plenty of rain in the southeast, while there is little in the northeast.东南部雨量充足，然而西北部则比较少下雨。考点2：从属连词从属连词是指在复合句中引导从句的连结词。常见的从属连词有：引导时间状语从句的：after, before, when, as, while, since, until, till, as soon as引导原因状语从句的：because, since, as引导让步状语从句的：although, though, n
4、o matter （无论）,even if （though）引导条件状语从句的：if, unless, once, so （as） long as引导结果状语从句的:so . thatsuch . that.引导目的状语从句的:so thatin order that.引导比较状语从句的： as . as not so （as） . as . than .引导方式状语从句的：as if例题 8 Roses need special care they can live through winter.A. becauseB. so that C. even if D. as【答案】：B本题考状语
5、从句。全句意为：玫瑰花需要特殊关心，以便过冬（为了安全度过冬天）。其余选项不合逻辑。例题 9 you call me to say youre not coming, Ill see you at the theatre.A. ThoughB. Whether C. Until D. Unless【答案D 本题考状从句，全句意为：我将在剧院门口等你，除非你打电话说你不来了。D项表条件， 符合句意。A项表让步，意为尽管；B项表让步，意为“不管（还是）；C项表时间，意为“直道 （才）”，均不和逻辑。【例题 10 Several weeks had gone by I realized the pa
6、inting was missing.A. as B. beforeC. sinceD. when【答案】：B本题考查连词的用法。时间had passed（gone）by before S + did在不知不觉中过（已过去了 ）。【例题 11J In some places women are expected to earn money men work at home and raise their children.A. but B. whileC. because D. though【答案】B 容易误选A项误认为句子前后是转折关系。while表示对比，意思是“而工【彳列题 12 Pet
7、er was so excited he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.A. where B. that C. whyD. when【答案】D容易误选B项，误以为这里是so. that结构。句意：当彼得收到他朋友邀请他去重庆参观的 时候，他非常兴奋。when在此引导了一个时间状语从句。溯源高考真题【例题 1 】（2022 全国高考甲卷）One day,he talked with me or hoped to mend our relations.andorand句意为：一天，他和我聊天，想要修复我们的关系。
8、由句意可知，talk with me和hope to mend是 并列关系，没有选择关系，所以改为and。【例题 2 （2022 全国高考乙卷）The First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation 67 cultural exchanges.67、and 句意：仪式上发布的“
9、首个国际茶日万里茶道合作倡议”呼吁茶业人士团结起来，促进国际合作和 文化交流。名词international cooperation和cultural exchanges为并列成分，作动词promote的宾语。故填and。【例题 3】（2022 全国高考乙卷）Whether you ride a bicycle、you dont use petrol.WhenWhetherWhen 句意：当你骑自行车的时候你是不用汽油的。由句意可知，该句阐述的是一个事实，需 用if或when引导；位于句首，注意首字母大写。故将Whether改为If或改为When。【例题 3 】（2022 全国高考 I 卷）T
10、he GPNP is designed to reflect the guiding principle of protecting the authenticity and integrity （完整性）of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets （资产）for future generations*.61. and 止匕处 protecting the. ecosyst
11、ems preserving.diversity protecting. zones 和 leaving.generations 是四个并列成分，均为the guiding principle of中介词of的宾语，故用并列连词ando【例题 4】（2022 全国新高考 H 卷）He hung on for a few minutes 61 screamed for his father, but his father didn*t hear him.61.and句意为:他坚持了几分钟，尖叫着呼喊着他的父亲，但他的父亲没有听到他，此处缺练习，连接hung 和screamed两个动作，表达并列关
12、系，填and【例题 5】（2021 全国高考甲卷）My bike was old and shaky 47 did the job.47. but句意为：我的自行车又老又晃动，但是还能骑。前后两个谓语was old和did是转折关系。所以填 buto【例题 6】（2021 全国高考乙卷）I also water the flowers in the yard and tidy up my own bedroom whatever necessary.wheneverwhatever改为whenever 句意：我也给院子里的花浇水，必要时整理自己的卧室。分析句子可知，此处引 导让步状语从句，结合
13、句意可知，此处表示无论什么时候，故whatever改为whenever.【例题 7 （2020 全国高考 I 卷）First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.andbut-and句意为：首先，我把西红柿切碎，然后把他们放在一边。cut和put两个动作是并列顺承关系，所以用and【例题 8 （2020 全国高考 H 卷）Actually, I started to learn kung fii when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.but
14、/yetforbut/yet句意为：“我7岁的时候开始学功夫”与“我很久没有练习了”之间是转折关系，应用表转折 关系的连词连接两个分句，所以把for改为but或yet【例题 9 （2021 浙江卷）Although Mary loved flowers, 62 she nor her husband was known as a gardener.62.neither句意为：虽然玛丽喜欢花，但是她和她的丈夫都不是以园丁的身份被人们而知。根据句意和空后的nor可知，此处填neither.nor.,表示和都不课后作业语法填空1. It is the perfect time of a year t
15、o reach out to those in need, many of us don*t know where to begin.2. Whenever something beats us, we can first put it down in our notebook consult our dictionary then.3. The human population continues to grow, does the pollution we made to the environment.4. The customers love animals. They are cur
16、ious about these pets and want to raise one at home, circumstance dont allow it.5. Over time, the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.6. We associate piggy Banks with children, in many countries, the little containers,are also popular withadults
17、.7. Not until I returned I realize that a quiet town life was the best for me.短文改错7.1 hope that our team can win the game with joint efforts or teamwork.2. Since my mom liked flowers, so we chose Chinese roses.3. He is experienced but skilled at making name stamps.4. It was Saturday yesterday. We ha
18、d no lessons, I still got up at six.5. Without many cars, I realized that the city looked so clean but beautiful.6. If we give up those things that hold us back, we cant move forward.7. Since my mom liked flowers, so we chose Chinese roses.8. Do not refuse to learn a skill since you are young, as in
19、 the long run you will find it helpful.9.So, when you are faced with challenges, choosing to believe good things are on the way.10. Upon waking up, I was shocked to discover that I could no longer move my right arm and fingers.My arm just simply did not follow my brain*s instructions, even if it no
20、longer belonged to my body.语法填空答案1 .but/yet 句意为：这是一年中帮助那些需要帮助的人的最佳时机，但我们当中许多人不知道从哪里开始。 由语境可知，前后分句之间为转折关系，故填but/yeto2 .and 句意为：无论何时我们遇到困难，我们可以先把它记在笔记本上,然后查字典。consult和put it down 并列，故填连词and。3 .so 句意为：人口不断地增长，我们对环境的污染也在增加。此处指前者所说的情况也适用于后者，应 用“so+be/情态动词/助动词+主语”部分倒装，故填soo4 .but/yet句意为：这些顾客喜欢动物。他们对这些宠物很好
21、奇，想在家里养一只，但环境不允许。结合上 下文语境可知，此处为转折关系，应用but/yet。5 .as/when句意为：随着时间的推移，当人口增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样烹饪起来更快捷。根据 句意可知,设空处引导时间状语,意为“当时”，故填as/wheno6 .yet/but/while句意为：我们把储钱罐和孩子联系起来，但是在许多国家，这个小容器也很受成年人的欢迎。 根据句意可知，前后句子是转折关系，也可以理解成前后情况进行对比。故填yet/but/whileo7 .did句意为：直到我回来我才意识到，安静的小镇生活才是最适合我的。分析句子结构可知,not until位于 句首，主句进
22、行部分倒装，根据句意可知事情发生在过去，故用助动词did。引导主语、宾语或表语从句的连词主要有：that, whether, if三个。其中that和whether间或还可以引起同位 从句和状语从句。知识点二：连词的具体用法考查一：并列连词用法：and, bothand, not only butalso和 neithernor, as well as 等l)and：和，并且A：基本用法：“and”表示“和”、“并且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语和片语，句子和句子。I enjoy basketball, football and table tennis.The weather be
23、comes colder and colder.B:特别用法：祁使句后连接and,有条件句作用，此时and=if you,you 1卜Go straight on, and you 11 see the library =If you go straight on, you will see the library.2)bothand既也,(两者)都A、bothand构成的词组作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Both Jim and Kate are from England.B、bothand否定句表示部分否定。You can t speak both German and English.Bot
24、h my father and my mother aren t doctors.3)neithernor：既不也彳、,neithernor连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持“人称”和“数”的一致， 即采取就近原则。Neither I nor he has seen the play before.4)not only-but also：不但而且not only-but also连接两个主语后的谓语动词也遵循就近原则。Not only the mother but also the children are ill.注意：两者强调对象不同，not only . but a
25、lso强调的是but also之后部分，而as well as则强调其前面的部 分。not onlybut also采取“就近原则”，而as well as只是一个插入语，采取“就远原则”。如：Mr.Smith, as well as his wife and children, has come to Nanjing for a visit.not only . but also结构中的not only可用于句首，连接两个分句时，第一个从句主谓要倒装。Not only is he clever ,but also he is hard working.：but, however, yet,
26、still, while 等。Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.Tom got up early, yet he failed to catch the train.He was very tired, still he kept on walking.Your composition is fairly good, however, there is still some room for improvement.Jane is hard working ,while her sister is quite lazy.：or,
27、 either* or , ,whether , or等。l)or：或、否则A:基本用法or表示“或”的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。Is your friend English or American?American.He doesn t like dumplings or noodles.B:特别用法祁使句后连接or ,表“如果,否则”，有转折的意思，此时or =if you don? t , you 11 Hurry up, or you 11 be late.=If you don t hurry up, you 11 be late.2)eitheror:或者或者；不是就是；
28、要么要么A. eitheror连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词靠近哪个主语就与哪个主语保持“人称”和“数”的一致，即就近原则。Either you or I am right.Does either she or they like English?8 .由eitheror引导的否定句是完全否定。She isn t either a student or a teacher.3)whetheror,不管一 还是She is always cheerful, whether at home or at school.注意：both . and, either . or, neither . norb
29、othand双方都，连接句子的两个主语时，其后谓语动词通常用使用复数形式。eitheroi与neither nor注意采取“就近原则，：for(因为)，so(所以)。He is not at school today, for he has a bad cold.It was late, so I went home.考查二从属连词用法1 .引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, as soon as, hardly . when no sooner . than 等。After they had p
30、lanted their crops, they took a rest.We have learned six lessons since he began to teach us.As soon as he gets to Beijing, he 11 call me.当while, when, as引导时间状语从句时的区别:while引导的状语从句中动词必须是持续性。谓语动词多为进行时，或状态动词的一般时。while的这些 用法可用 when 代替，等于“at the time that, during the time that。例如：Please keep quiet while (
31、when) others are studying；when除可指一段时间外，还可用来指一点时间，等于“atthetime”，也就是说when引出的时间状语从句 中的谓语动词可以是终止性的，也可以延续性的。因此主句和从句的谓语可以是一般时，进行时，或完成 时。例如：When I went into the lab, the teacher was doing an experiment, (when 不能换成 while)He often makes mistakes when he is speaking English, (w hen 可换成 while)as常可与when, while通
32、用，但强调“一边、一边”。例如：As (when, while) I was walking down the street, I noticed a police car in fro nt of number 37.when引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致，主、谓是“主语+系动词”结构时，这时主语和系动词可以 省略。例如：When (he was) young, he worked fbr a rich man.Shell be here to give you help when (if it is) necessary.when有时代替if,引导条件句，意为“如果”、“假如”，例如
33、：ril come when (if) Im free.(2) before作连词一般表示时间，意为“在之前”，但有些句子中这样译就显得别扭。试看以下句子的翻译：He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我；Before I could get in a word he had measured me.我还没来得及插话，他已经给我量好了尺寸。(3) till, until作为介词式从属连词引导时间状语短语或状语从句。用于否定句时，结构为notuntil (till),主句谓语动词延续与非延续皆可，意为“直到才”。用于肯定句时Z只与
34、延续性动词连用，表示“到,，为止”。例如：They played volleyball until (till) it got dark./ They didnt talk (延续性 v.) until (till) the interpreter came.He didn9t go to bed (非延续性 v.) until (till) the his father came back.；until可以放在句首，till则不行，例如：Until the last minute of the match we kept on playing.Not until he finished hi
35、s work did he go home.(倒装)；till, until 只用于时间，以下句子是错误的：We walked till the edge of the forest.(要用 as far as 或 to)。某些表示时间的名词(词组)也可用作从属连词。它们是：the moment, the minute, the instant, the day, the time, the first(second, third .)time, the spring (summer, autumn, winter),every(each, next,any) time(day),by the
36、 time,都 可引导时间状语从句。如：His mother died the spring he returned.Call me up the minute he arrives.(4) no sooner . than hardly . when as soon as 三者都表示“一就,“刚刚就的意思。as soon as置于主句前后都可以，而且有备各种时态。如：As soon as she gets here Ill tell her about it.Mary left as soon as the finished the work.hardly . when no soonert
37、han不能表示将来的事，其主句的谓语动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。 若寻 hardly 或 no sooner 放在句首，句子要倒装。 如：No sooner had he arrived than he went away again.2、引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because, as, since等。because “因为”语气最强，回答why提问时只能用because,其引导的从句可放在句首或句末；as “由于”、 since “既然”语气不如because强，引导的从句常置于句首，如原因已为人们所知，或不如句子的其他部分 重要，就用as,或since, since比as更正式
38、些；for是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或补充说 明，其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。He didn t go to school because he was ill.As it was raining, we went there by bus.Since everybody is here, let s begin.It must have rained last night, fbr the ground is wet.注意：because与so不能同时使用。而as作从属连词可引导多种状语从句as引导时间状语从句，意为“当”时”。例如:As (he was) a youn
39、g man, he was a storekeeper and later a postmaster./ He sang as he worked.as引导方式状语从句，意为“象,，一样”。例如：We must do as the Party teaches us.as引导原因状语从句。意为“由于良例如:As you are tired, you had better rest.as引导让步状语从句。意为“虽然”、“尽管”Child as he is, he can do it well. ( = Although he is a child, he can do it well.)另外，as
40、做为关系代词还可以引导定语从句，如：I have the same book as you3 .引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：although/though(虽然，尽管),even though/if (即使)although用于各种文体，而though则多用于非正式的口语或书面语中。注意由although, though引导的从句后，主句不能用but,但可用副词yet, stillo例如：Although/ though it rained all the morning, they still went on working.(或 yet they went o n working)tho
41、ugh常与even连用,even though表示强调，意为“即使，但不能说even although,例如：Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling.though可用作副词，意为“然而 常用逗号与句子分开。although则不能这样使用，它只作连词。例如： It was a quiet party; I had a good time, though4 .引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if（如果）,unless（除非,如果不），once （一旦）等。If you don?t go soon, you? 11 be late.=
42、Unless you go soon, you, 11 be late.once作副词译“曾经”，作为连词译“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。相当于if的加强形式。例如：I dont believe he was once a thief, （once 这里是副词）Once Aristotle had made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truthto his students, （once 连词）unless引导条件状语从句等于if. not. o例
43、如:Hell accept the job unless the salary is too low. （ = Hell accept the job if the salary is not too low.）5 .引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that（结果是）和so/suchthat（如此以至于）等。It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He got there so early that he got a good seat.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move
44、 it.6 .引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that和in order that（以便，为了）等。The teacher spoke loudly so that /in order that we could hear him clearly.7 .引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：asas（与样）,notas/soas（不及，赶不上），和than（比）等。I know you better than she does.He works as carefully as she.I can t run as/so fast as you.8、引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as if在用as if
45、引导的方式状语从句及表语从句中，根据情况要使用虚拟语气。例如：He talks as if he knew all about it .但有时也可用直陈语气。例如:It looks as if it is going to rain.9.引导名词性从句的从属连词有：that和if/whether（是否）等。We know that the earth goes around the sun.（宾语从句）I wonder if he has received my e-mail.（宾语从句）Whether he 11 go there has t been decided.（主语从句）引导主语从
46、句、表语从句或同位语从句时，用whether,不用if。例如：Whether they will go to the Great Wall is not known.The question is whether we can finish the task on time.The question whether we will take part in the physics con test has not been decided.whether可接不定式，而if则不可。例如：I havent decided whether to leave or not.whether可作介词的宾语
47、或置于句首表示强调，而if则不可。例如：Everything depends on whether we have enough money./Whether he will come, I am not sure.whether和if均可引导宾语从句，whether引导的宾语从句一般都是肯定句，if引导的宾语从句可以是肯 定的，也可以是否定的（此时不能用whether）,例如：Could you tell us whether/ if it rains in winter in Australia?I wonder if it doesnt rain.引导宾语从句的whether和if常可与or not连用。连用时要注意or not的位置，它一般与whether、if分 开使用，有时它可与whether合起来使用，但不能与if合起来使用。例如：I dont know whether/ if the