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1、复合句：主语从句1.以 what等连接代词引导的主语从句What you need is morepractic你.需要的是更多的练习。Whoever wants it may have i 谁t.要都可以给他。同类的连接代词还有：What, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever2.以 that, whether从属连词引导的主语从句It was strange that he had made a mist真ak奇.怪,他居然错了。 That we need more equipment isquiteobvious.我们
2、需要更 多的设备，这是很明显的。Whether he willjoin us wont make too much difference. 他是否加入我们，没有太大的差别。3.主语从句的引导词that什么时候可以省略典更变n评解决这个问题。1 .定语从句在句子中作定语，用来修饰一个名词、名词词组或者代 词2 .先行词和引导词被修饰的名词、名词词组或者代词叫做先行词；在先行词和定语从句 之间起连接作用的词叫做引导词。引导词语可分为关“系代词”和关“系 副词3 .关系代词和关系副词关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, o关 s系副词有：when, where,
3、whyoo注意：关系副词里面没有how。如果要修饰方式，用tha就者in which 引导，或者不用引导词。I don,t like the way (itihwhi,ic li) he eyed me我.不喜欢他看我的那个样子。4 .关系代词：who关系动词who在从句中主要作为主语，在非正式语体里who还可以作从句中的宾语。He is the man who wants to see y他u就.是想要见你的那个人。（who在句中作为主语）Succeed will come to him who is honest and dil成ig功n将t.归于诚 实而勤奋的人。5 .关系代词：whom
4、He is the man whom I saw in the park yesterday.他就是我昨天在公园里见到的那个人。（whom在从句中作宾语）作宾语用的引导词可以省略，因此上面的句子可以改写如下：He is the man I saw in the park yesterday.6 .关系代词：whose用来指人或者物（只能用作定语，若指物，它还可 以同of which互换）oThey rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，他们跑过去帮忙。is请g递ree给n.我那本绿皮的Please pass me
5、 the book whose (of which) cover书。7 .关系代词：which （1）which指物，在从句中作为主语或者宾语，作宾语时在非正式语体中 可以省略。They needed a plant which didnt need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水稻那末需要水的作物。（主语）The farm (which)we visitedyesterdayis locatedin the suburb of Beijing.我们昨天参观的农场位于北京郊区。（作宾语，可省略。）8 .关系代词：which(2)当在which和that面前进行选
6、择的情况下，一下情况要选which：1) ).在非限制性定语从句中通常用which作引导词，而不能用that做非 限制性定语从句的引导词。2) .修饰整个主句。I never met Julia again after that, which was a pity.从那以后我再也没有见到朱莉叶，真是遗憾。3) .修饰谓语部份。He can swim in the river, which lea他。会t1在河里游泳，那正是我不会的。4) .介词 + whichThey are all questions to which there are no an那sw些胴.题者B是 无头公案。9 .关系
7、代词：that( 1) that多用来指物，有时也可以用来指人；在从句中作主语或者宾语。指物的时候多用that,也可用whichoIfs a question (twhaitch) needs careful consideration.这是一个需要子细考虑的问题。(指物，作为主语。)Who is the man that is reading a magazine under the tree?树下那个在看杂志的那个人是谁？(指人，作为主语。)The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Toms sister.我们昨天看到的那个女孩是汤姆的妹妹。(指人，作宾语，可
8、省略。)10 .关系代词：that(2)在以下的情况中，只能用that作引导词，而不能用which作引导词。1) .先行词为 all, evoything, anyfliing nothing 等不 li 定 tt代le词时。All that she lacked was train她in所g.缺少的是训练。everything等为先行词时，引导词可以省略。Have you everything you need你?要的东西都有 了吗？Is there anything I can do for 有。什?么事要我做吗？All you have to do is to press the b除t
9、所to要n.做的就是按一下电 钮。2) .先行词被形容词最高级修饰时This is the best film that I have eve这r是辘n看.过的电影中最好 的一部。3) .先行词被序数词和the屈修饰时4) .先行词中既有人又有物时They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.他们谈论他们参观过的那些学校和老师们。5) .主句是含有who或者which的特殊疑问句，为了避免重复时当主语从句不太长时，引导词，5可”以省略It clear (that) he has done hi很s 叨
10、e显st他.已经竭力而为了。Its a wonder (that) he didnt真畸ai怪1.,他没有失败。4 .以when等连接副词引导的主语从句还不知道。When they will come hasnt been made publ他ic们.什么时候来还没 有发布。Where she has gone is not known y她t去.了 哪儿,Why he did it will remain a puzzle for为ev什er么他做那件事将永 远是个谜 团。5 .虚拟语气：主语从句形容词为 necessary, important, impossible, strange,
11、natural, essential时，在“It + be形+容词或者过去分词+主语从句”中，主语从句要虚拟。It is necessary that the problem (should) be discussed at once.立刻讨论这个问题很有必要。It is strange that he (should) have so many 为奇适i怪ds 了.,他有那 么多的朋友。6 .主语从句与强调句的区别注意事项：1) .在主语从句中，把上亚人而去甘卓之后，就已经彻底不像一个句子 了。2) .在强调句中，把It was . tha去t掉之后，还基本上像个句子。3) .主语从句有以下
12、的引导词：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever4) .强调句的引导词惟独：that, whoo主语从句:It was strange that he had made a mist如ak果.把,It was tha去t 掉以后，乘！I 下 strange he had made a mista就e不.算是句子了。It is immaterial where or when he g他e去s.何处或者何时去是无关 紧要的。 oolt is said that和,It is reported thaj&t样的结构，后
13、面接的是主语从句:It is said that hes got ma听rdSie他d 已经结婚 了。强调句：It was she that had been wron 错 g.的是她。（强调主语）如果把，It was . that去掉以后，剩下she had been wrong还.勉强算的上是一个句子。It was this novel that they talked about la他st们n昨ig晚t谈.论的是 这部小说。（强调宾语）It was i London that Ifirstsaw her.我是在伦敦第一次见到她的。（强调地 点状语）宾语从句1 .在句子中起宾语作用的从句
14、叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和 主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，作短 语动词的宾语，介词的宾语。2 .宾语从句：短语动词Please go and find out when the train will 请ar去ri弄ve清.楚火车 什么时候到。His teacher pointed out that Tom hadnt studied hard enough.老师指出汤姆学习不够努力。That depends on how you do i那t.得看你怎么做的。3 .宾语从句：及物动词Everybody knows that money doesnt grow on
15、tre谁s都.知道钱 不是长 在树上。Have you decided where you will go for a hoi你ida有y?没有决定 到什么 地方去度假？4 .宾语从句：介词的宾语I am curious as to what they are going to do next.我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit fatter than the oth one.这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍胖一点。I am interested in what she is d我
16、i对g她.做的事感兴趣。5 .宾语从句：否定的转移有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。I dont suppose youfreused to thisdiet = I suppose you arent used to this diet.我想你不习惯这种饮食。I didnftexpect she would pass the entrance examinations I expected she wouldnt pass the entrance examina我皿In为.她不 能通过入学考试。6 .虚拟语气：宾语从句一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动
17、词后面的宾语从句要用 should+原形动词结构,should往往可以省略。这种动词有：advice, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, sugges等t。I suggested that he study hard我er建议他用功一些。（这一题要特殊注意：为什么study用原形。）I insisted that he （should我）蟀 o调.他应当去。7 .宾语从句的省略引导宾语从句的that之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。如果that后 面的宾语从句较长时，that不能省
18、略。I hope (that) youll be fine我s 确M型.你尽快康复。表语从句1 .在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句。表语从句的引导词和 主语从句的引导词相同。What the police want to know is when you entered the room.警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间。The trouble is that we are short of 困 u难d是s.我们缺乏资金。Thats why I want you to work the那e就.是我要你在那儿工作的原因。His first question was whether Mr. S
19、mith had arrived yet.他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有。as if, as though, bee也u可se用来引导表语从句。She seems as if she had done a great 她th看ing起.来好像做 了 一件大 事。It is because you eattoo m那c是.因为你吃得太多了。2 .虚拟语气：表语从句主语是idea,notion,proposaLsuggestionjequest等名 词时,作表语 从句的动 词为原形动词或者should+原形动词。My suggestion is that we (should) go and help我h的im建议是我们 应该去匡 助他。Our only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible.