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1、在此处键入重难点03 阅读理解细节理解题在历年高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查同往年一样，依然占了较大的比例（60%左右），全国及各省、市均有对此题型的考查，无一例外。细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。分析今年高考题可知，细节理解类题呈不断上升的趋势，且由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义词及长难句来考查考生对语言的理解能力，难度比之前有所增加。预计
2、2024年高考细节理解题仍旧占比7-8题。近3年新高考细节理解数据分析 试卷类型年份篇序体裁话题题量新高考I卷2023A应用文自行车租赁和有导游的城市游3B记叙文生态设计助力生态系统的自我修复2C说明文数字机简主义3D说明文 集体商议的智慧1新高考II卷2023A应用文黄石国家公园的四项游园活动3B记叙文学校菜园项目2 C说明文阅读艺术1D说明文人类与大自然互动3新高考I卷2022A说明文文学概论课程评分原则2B议论文不要浪费食物3C说明文让养老院的老人养鸡1D说明文语音演变2新高考II卷2022A应用文儿童博物馆团体游3B夹叙夹议孙子误把儿童读物当平板电脑1C说明文使用Textalyzer来
3、监控司机1D说明文锻炼对心脏的好处2新高考I卷2021A应用文罗马旅游社介绍3B记叙文翻乐谱的男子Robert Titterman3C说明文保护野生动物和湿地2D议论文大众化曲解情商本义1新高考II卷2021A应用文约克郡夏日活动3B记叙文照顾两只幼虎2C说明文推动艺术教育的发展2D议论文牧牛机器人的研制31. 掌握技巧,灵活运用(1)细心审题,直接就题找答案提取“带着问题找答案”的方法,先从问题中抓住关键性尚(题眼),然后以此为线索运用略读及查读的技巧快速:得在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句, 仔细品味,对照比较,确定答案。(2)变通理解,间接转述找答案细节理解题通常采用词语和句型转换的
4、形式来取代原文中的表述,命题者在出这类题时惯用“偷梁换柱、张冠李戴”的手法来迷惑考生,即对原句细微处做改动,摘取原文词语或结构进行改造,因果倒置,把A的观点说成B的观点等。(3)多点归纳,综合事实找答案细节理解题有时考查的并不是单一的信息,而是多处信息的整合。解答此类“综合”信息细节题时,一定要全面捕捉相关信息,进行综合分析、归纳,切忌根据“一面之词”草率地得出结论。2. 明确干扰,破除陷阱(1)扩大或缩小范围文章为了表达准确严密,经常通过加上相应的词语限制如涉及数量时常用many,almost all,nearly, more than, over, only afew,normally等限
5、制。有些干扰项改变或去掉限定词语,甚至是扩大或缩小语言范围。(2)偷换概念命题者设计试题时往往把原文的概念偷换成另一个不同的概念。望文生义是造成错误的主要原因。(3)正误并存在干扰项中,某个句子或词语是正确的,其他分句或词语是错误的或表达不全面,正误并存,命题者常会借此以假乱真。典例分析典例一（2023新高考I卷B 篇）When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for examp
6、le, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observin
7、g nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria (细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-
8、machine.The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and wai
9、ted. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been dig
10、ested, and all that was left was pure water.Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.“Ecological de
11、sign” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”1What can we learn about John from the f
12、irst two paragraphs?AHe was fond of traveling.BHe enjoyed being alone.CHe had an inquiring mind.DHe longed to be a doctor.2Why did John put the sludge into the tanks?ATo feed the animals.BTo build an ecosystem.CTo protect the plants.DTo test the eco-machine.典例二（2023新高考II卷B 篇）Turning soil, pulling we
13、eds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awar
14、eness, and healthy lifestyles. 5What do we know about Abby Jaramillo?AShe used to be a health worker.BShe grew up in a low-income family.CShe owns a fast food restaurant.DShe is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.（建议用时：8分钟/篇）1.（2023江苏统考模拟预测）A vast majority of people usually argue that cycling can make a
15、significant contribution to our world. In reality, there is a gap between desired and actual numbers. In Germany, for instance, only 20% of the everyday short-distance trips are covered by bicycle. When enquiring about the causes, researchers found one point repeatedly tops the list: the perceived o
16、r potential risk on the bike routes used. Increasing the share of cycling trips thus depends crucially on well-developed bike paths. However, designing efficient bike path networks is a complex task that involves balancing a variety of limitations while meeting overall demand. In addition, many dist
17、ricts are confronted with a shortage of funds available for improving the infrastructure. Researchers propose a new approach to generating efficient bike path networks. This considers demand distribution and the route option of cyclists based on preferences for secure outings. Typically, minimizing
18、the travel distance is far from the solely goal. Aspects such as attractiveness of a route are also taken into account. Under real conditions, a bike path network is created by constantly adding bike paths to more streets. This time, researchers start with an ideal, complex network, in which all str
19、eets in a city are equipped with a bike path. In a virtual process, they gradually remove less used bike path sections from this network. The route selection of cyclists is continuously updated. Thus, a series of bike path networks is created and is always adapted to the current usage. Each stage of
20、 it corresponds to a variant that could be carried out with less financial support. “We illustrate the applicability of this demand-driven planning for crowded urban areas of Dresden and Hamburg,” explains researcher Christoph Steinacker. “We are approaching a real-life issue here using the theoreti
21、c toolbox of network dynamics and compare efficient bike path networks under different conditions.”1Why do people rarely cycle?AThey think of cycling as inefficient.BThey usually take long-distance trips.CTheyre concerned about the security.DTheyre unable to find special bike roads.2What is a challe
22、nge for good bike path networks?ATight budgets.BComplex routes.CMaximized travel distance.DDecreasing cycling demand.3What can be learned about the planning put forward by researchers?AIt will be updated once in a while.BIt is contrary to the real-life design.CIt ensures every street has a bike path
23、.DIt serves as a model for other districts.4Which of the following is the best title for the text?AGood Planning Gets the Bike RollingBA good Network Benefits More PeopleCCycling Paths Change Crowded Urban AreasDA New Concept Contributes to a Better World2.（2023浙江温州统考一模）Five-year-old Mustafa is smil
24、ing for the first time in ages. She did not receive a new toy or her favorite candy; rather, she got a wig (假发).Mustafa had to go through painful procedures after being diagnosed (诊断) with cancer at an early age. Her father expressed her sadness when she lost her hair after months of chemotherapy (化
25、疗). “She saw children her age jumping in playgrounds and spending hours styling their hair, while she couldnt. Losing her hair made her hopeless, negatively impacting her response to treatment,” the girls father said.Coming from a less fortunate family, Mustafa now sits in a humble hairdressers in C
26、airo, sliding her fingers through her new long hair as she looks in the mirror with fresh enthusiasm. Behind that smile and renewed confidence is Salam, from Egypt, who has been personally funding and designing free wigs for children with cancer to give them power to defeat their illness.Salam took
27、up his mission when he saw a viral video on social media of a young cancer patient who was excited at receiving a new wig. It was the moment when he decided to provide free wigs to children with cancer to lift up their spirits. “Many families can barely afford expensive cancer treatment costs, let a
28、lone costly cosmetic (美容) services that can play a huge role in restoring childrens confidence and giving them strength to continue their treatment,” said Salam.As part of the self-funded initiative, Salam purchases the necessary requirements to make a wig, while his father helps design hairstyles t
29、o serve different children. So far, Salam has helped over 15 children walk out of his shop empowered with big smiles.Despite the several challenges, Salam said making wigs gives him as much happiness as it does for his young customers. “Children need the emotional and moral support to go through thi
30、s tough illness.” He added, “Losing their hair drives them to withdraw into themselves out of fear and embarrassment. I cannot help in their treatment, but I can help them get through it.”5Why are a toy and candy mentioned in paragraph 1?ATo suggest the girls age.BTo imply a serious illness.CTo show
31、 the shortage of toys.DTo highlight the value of the wig.6What can be learned from the fathers words?AHair style matters much.BSports benefit Mustafa.CHair loss depressed Mustafa.DMustafas treatment failed.7What led to Salams decision on the mission?AHis sympathy.BFamily support.CGovemment fund.DMus
32、tafas enthusiasm.8What kind of person is Salam according to the passage?ACautious and creative.BInspiring and talented.CCaring and determined.DAmbitious and patient.3.（2023浙江金华校联考一模）The romantic Rhine, which flows more than 700 miles from Switzerland to the North Sea, is one of the most popular crui
33、sing(巡游) rivers in Europe, with many options available. Take a look at things to do in Rhine River!AmsterdamMany Rhine River Cruises begin or end in Amsterdam. This city is popular among multiple age groups and types of travelers for its relaxing atmosphere. Grab a bicycle and enjoy an afternoon of
34、cafes, art, and historical sites. The Anne Frank House is a popular attraction in Amsterdam. Be sure to check if your river cruise can help with advance tickets as the lines are consistently long, though.Neuschwanstein CastleThis fairytale castle is in the heart of Bavaria, Germany. Situated in the
35、Black Forest, and conjuring up(唤起) visions of princes and princesses, it is an extremely popular tourist attraction. It was in fact one of the inspirations for Walt Disneys Sleeping Beauty Castle. If your Rhine River cruise includes a stop in Munich, theres a good chance that visits to Neuschwanstei
36、n will be available.StrasbourgIf youre looking for a classic European country town, this is the stop for you Strasbourg has a typical French feel, with cobblestoned streets, small shops, and of course a cathedral. Be sure to visit picturesque Petite France, the historic quarter of town, and Rohan Pa
37、lace to walk in the footsteps of Marie Antoinette, the last queen of France before the French Revolution. Strasbourg is also a delightful place for visit for Christmas markets.BaselSharing three international borders: Switzerland, Germany, and France, Basel presents a fascinating combination of cult
38、ures, cuisines, and languages. You can enjoy several wonderful historic sights in Basel, within a short distance from each other, and dont miss a walk through the Botanical Gardens9What do Amsterdam and Strasbourg have in common?AThey have historical sites.BThey have a relaxing French style.CThey ar
39、e home to big shopping malls.DThey are famous for the picturesque scenery.10What might be the reason for Neuschwanstein Castles popularity?AIts mysterious story.BIts favourable locationCIts fairytale romance.DIts inspiration for films.11Which stop would you recommend most to those who want to experi
40、ence diverse cultures?AAmsterdamBNeuschwanstein Castle.CStrasbourgDBasel.4.（2023浙江温州统考一模）In 1970s, a psychologist named J. P. Guilford conducted a famous study of creativity known as the nine-dot puzzle (九点谜题). He challenged research subjects to connect all nine dots using just four straight lines w
41、ithout lifting their pencils from the page. All the participants limited the possible solutions to those within the imaginary square. Only 20 percent managed to break out of the confinement (束缚) and continue their lines in the white space surrounding the dots.The fact that 80 percent of the particip
42、ants were effectively blinded by the boundaries of the square led Guilford to jump to the sweeping conclusion that creativity requires you to go outside the box. The idea went viral. Overnight, it seemed that creativity experts everywhere were teaching managers how to think outside the box. The conc
43、ept enjoyed such strong popularity that no one bothered to check the facts. No one, that is, before two different research teams-Clarke Burnham with Kenneth Davis, and Joseph Alba with Robert Weisberg-ran another experiment.Both teams followed the same way of dividing participants into two groups. T
44、he first group was given the same instructions as the participants in Guilfords experiment. The second group was told that the solution required the lines to be drawn outside the imaginary box. Guess what? Only 25 percent solved the puzzle. In statistical terms, this 5 percent improvement is insigni
45、ficant as this could be called sampling error.Lets look a little more closely at the surprising result. Solving this problem requires people to literally think outside the box. Yet participants performance was not improved even when they were given specific instructions to do so. That is, direct and
46、 clear instructions to think outside the box did not help. That this advice is useless should effectively have killed off the much widely spread and therefore, much more dangerous metaphor (比喻) that out-of-the-box thinking boosts creativity. After all, with one simple yet brilliant experiment, resea
47、rchers had proven that the conceptual link between thinking outside the box and creativity was a misunderstanding.12What did the nine-dot puzzle study focus on?AVisual perception.BThinking patterns.CPractical experience.DTheoretical knowledge.13Why did the two research teams run the follow-up experiment?ATo test the catchy concept.BTo contradict the initial idea.CTo collect supporting evidenceDTo identify the underlying logic.14Which of the following best describes the follow-up experiment?AGroundless.B