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1、主题八历史、社会与文化语篇研读 One cannot discuss Chinese music without mentioningguqin，oneofthefourChinesetraditionalartsalongwithGo,calligraphy（书书法法）andpainting.Itfirstappearedover3,000yearsagoandstandsforChinassolomusicalinstrumenttradition.Thelengthofthebodyofguqinmeasures3chi6.5cun,tosymbolize the 365 days of
2、 the year.There are over 3,360survivingqinpieces,over130 qin scores,and300qinsongs.Guqinpiecesareusually3to8minuteslong,withthelongestbeingGuanglingVerse,whichis22minuteslong.Atfirst，guqinhadonlyfivestrings（弦弦），meaningthefiveelements（元元素素）ofmetal，wood，water，fireandearth.Later，inZhouDynasty，KingWenof
3、Zhouaddedasixth string for his son.King Wu of Zhou added a seventhstringtoencouragehisarmytofightwiththeShang，whichwasthesameastheonestoday.Theambiencewasimportantinplayingguqin.Usually,itwaspracticedinaplacewithoutmanypeopleormuchnoise.And it was never for public performance.Ancient artistsenjoyedp
4、erformingbyastreaminthemountains.Thesoundofguqin,mixingwiththeechoes（回回音音）fromthemountains,floateduntilthemusicianfelthewasatonewithnature.Therearefewerthan1,000well-trainedguqinplayersandperhapsnomorethan50livingmasters.However,moreandmorepeoplebegintolearnguqinandappreciateitasaculturalactivityand
5、spiritualenjoyment.Guqinoftenservesasoneofthenationalcultures,anditshowsthebeautifultraditionsofourcountry.（A）1.跨跨学学科科整整合合 When did guqin possibly appearaccordingtothepassage？A.InZhouDynasty.B.InTangDynasty.C.InMingDynasty.AOne cannot discuss Chinese music without mentioningguqin,oneofthefourChinese
6、traditionalartsalongwithGo,calligraphy（书书法法）andpainting.Itfirstappearedover3，000yearsagoandstandsforChinassolomusicalinstrumenttradition.（C）2.Whatcanweknowaboutguqin？A.Itisabout365cmlong.B.Therearemorethan3360guqinsongs.C.Guqinpiecesaremostlylessthan10minuteslong.CThelengthofthebodyofguqinmeasures3c
7、hi6.5cun,tosymbolize the 365 days of the year.There are over 3,360survivingqinpieces,over130 qin scores，and300qinsongs.Guqinpiecesareusually3to8minuteslong,withthelongestbeingGuanglingVerse,whichis22minuteslong.（C）3.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout？A.Thevalueofguqinpieces.B.Themeaningsofguqi
8、nsbody.C.Thechangesofguqinsstrings.C（B）4.Wherewasthebestplacetoplayguqininancienttimes？A.Abusystreet.B.Apeacefulyard.C.Awelcomeparty.BTheambiencewasimportantinplayingguqin.Usually,itwaspracticedinaplacewithoutmanypeopleormuchnoise.And it was never for public performance.Ancient artistsenjoyedperform
9、ingbyastreaminthemountains.Thesoundofguqin,mixingwiththeechoes（回回音音）fromthemountains,floateduntilthemusicianfelthewasatonewithnature.（A）5.中中考考新新变变化化Whatdoesthewriterwanttoremindus？A.Thenationalcultureshouldbeprotected.B.Theoldinstrumentisveryhardtomaster.C.Therearefewerfamoustraditionalartperformers
10、.ATherearefewerthan1,000well-trainedguqinplayersandperhapsnomorethan50livingmasters.However,moreandmorepeoplebegintolearnguqinandappreciateitasaculturalactivityandspiritualenjoyment.Guqinoftenservesasoneofthenationalcultures,anditshowsthebeautifultraditionsofourcountry.价值引领价值引领该该语语篇篇围围绕绕古古琴琴展展开开，旨旨在
11、在引引导导学学生生认认识识和和理理解解中中国国传传统统文文化化艺艺术术领领域域的的相相关关知知识识，让让学学生生能能够够尊尊重重中中华华民民族族的的优优秀秀文文明明成成果果，积积极极传传播播和和弘弘扬扬中中华华优优秀秀传传统统文文化化，培培养养学学生生的文化自信（的文化自信（cultivatestudentscultureconfidence）。）。文化拓展文化拓展Guqin is an ancient Chinese musical instrument withsevenstrings.Theguqinplayeruseshisrighthandtopluckthestrings whil
12、e the notes are formed with the left hand.Inancient times,qin,Go,calligraphy,and painting wereregardedasthefourarts，whichwereusedtosummarizethetraditional culture of the Han people.As a major musicalinstrument,qinhasalwaysbeennecessaryformanyliteratisinceancienttimes.ThestoryofYuBoyaandZhongZiqibeco
13、mingclosefriendsthrough“highmountainsandflowingwater”hasbeenpasseddown to this day.Qin stage is regarded as a symbol offriendship.A large number of poems and prose contain thefigureofqin.古古琴琴是是中中国国古古代代的的七七弦弦乐乐器器。古古琴琴演演奏奏者者用用右右手手弹弹拨拨琴琴弦弦，而而用用左左手手按按弦弦形形成成音音符符。古古时时，琴琴、棋棋、书书、画画并并称称四四艺艺，用用以以概概括括汉汉族族的的传传统
14、统文文化化。琴琴作作为为主主要要的的乐乐器器，自自古古以以来来一一直直是是许许多多文文人人必必备备的的。俞俞伯伯牙牙、钟钟子子期期以以“高高山山流流水水”而而成成知知音音的的故故事事流流传传至至今今。琴琴台台被被视视为为友友谊谊的的象象征征。大大量量诗诗词词文赋中有琴的身影。文赋中有琴的身影。Tai Chi master Rosalind Olivers journey with Tai Chibeganwhenaseriousbackinjuryleftherinbedforsixmonths.Noticing a poster advertising Tai Chi classes by
15、chance,shedecided to try the“mysterious”Eastern sport.Oliver wasimmediatelyattractedbythegentleandbeautifulmovementsofTaiChi.Tohersurprise,thepaininherbackdisappearedafteryearsofpractice.“TaiChiisamind-bodyexercise.Itnotonlyhelpsmetoimprove physical health,but also provides me with manymentaladvanta
16、ges,keepingmeawayfromstressandupset.”sheadded.To further understand Tai Chi and the Chinese culturebehindit,shesetoutonajourneytoChina,wheresheformedstrong relationships with many Chinese friends in ShanghaiwhosupportedherandsharedtheirloveforChinesemartialarts.In 2005,Oliver set up the Double Drago
17、n AllianceCulturalCenter,whichexpectsforeignpeopletohaveabetterunderstandingofChineseculture.Thecentersupportskungfumastersinteachingmartialarts.Anditorganizeseventsforpeople to experience Chinese culture,including traditionalChinesemedicine,painting,andtheBeijingOpera.Reflectingonherwork,Oliversaid
18、,“Myworkislikeacultural bridge connecting people.And I believe we canimprovepeacefulrelationsacrosstheworldbydevelopingourunderstandingamongcultures.”Rosalind Olivers journey with Tai Chi began when sheattended Tai Chi classes by chance.The 1.gentle andbeautifulmovementsdrewherattention，andshepracti
19、cedTaiChiforyears.gentleTai Chi master Rosalind Olivers journey with Tai Chibeganwhenaseriousbackinjuryleftherinbedforsixmonths.NoticingaposteradvertisingTaiChiclassesbychance，shedecided to try the“mysterious”Eastern sport.Oliver wasimmediatelyattractedbythegentleandbeautifulmovementsofTaiChi.Tohers
20、urprise,thepaininherbackdisappearedafteryearsofpractice.Shewassurprisedtofindherbackpainthathadstartedearlierwasgone.OliverthinksTaiChi2.providesherwithmanyphysicalandmentaladvantages.provides“TaiChiisamind-bodyexercise.Itnotonlyhelpsmetoimprove physical health，but also provides me with manymentalad
21、vantages,keepingmeawayfromstressandupset.”sheadded.Hoping to understand Tai Chi and the culture behind it，Oliver later came to China,where she build 3.strongrelationshipswithmanyChinesefriends.strongTo further understand Tai Chi and the Chinese culturebehindit,shesetoutonajourneytoChina,wheresheform
22、edstrong relationships with many Chinese friends in ShanghaiwhosupportedherandsharedtheirloveforChinesemartialarts.TheDoubleDragonAllianceCulturalCentersetupbyOliver4.supports masters and organizes events to give peoplechancestoexperienceChineseculture.supportsIn 2005,Oliver set up the Double Dragon
23、 AllianceCulturalCenter,whichexpectsforeignpeopletohaveabetterunderstandingofChineseculture.Thecentersupportskungfumastersinteachingmartialarts.Anditorganizeseventsforpeople to experience Chinese culture,including traditionalChinesemedicine,painting,andtheBeijingOpera.Sheregardsherworkasa5.bridgeofc
24、ulturesthatconnectspeople.Shebelievesrelationsacrosstheworldcanbeimproved.bridgeReflectingonherwork，Oliversaid，“Myworkislikeacultural bridge connecting people.And I believe we canimprovepeacefulrelationsacrosstheworldbydevelopingourunderstandingamongcultures.”价值引领价值引领该该语语篇篇通通过过讲讲述述外外籍籍太太极极大大师师传传播播中中
25、国国文文化化的的故故事事，引引导导学学生生形形成成跨跨文文化化沟沟通通与与交交流流（interculturalinterculturalcommunication）的的 意意 识识，开开 阔阔 国国 际际 视视 野野（broadeninternationalhorizens），培养家国情怀，坚定文化自信。），培养家国情怀，坚定文化自信。语篇分析语篇分析该该语语篇篇主主题题属属于于“人人与与社社会会”范范畴畴中中“历历史史、社社会会与与文文化化”主题群中的主题群中的“跨文化沟通与交流跨文化沟通与交流”这一子主题。这一子主题。以读促写以读促写语语篇篇中中在在表表达达Oliver决决定定学学习习太太
26、极极时时用用到到了了这这样样的的句句式式“NoticingaposteradvertisingTaiChiclassesbychance，shedecidedtotrythemysteriousEasternsport.”。亮亮点点：用用现现在在分分词词作作状状语语，表表达达“偶偶然然发发现现一一张张宣宣传传太太极课程的海报极课程的海报”。仿仿写写：注注意意到到一一些些西西方方国国家家和和我我们们国国家家在在用用餐餐行行为为上上的的差差异异，我我们们决决定定了了解解更更多多其其他他的的文文化化，以以便便更更好好地地理理解解他人。他人。Noticingthedifferencesindining
27、behaviorsbetweensomeWesterncountriesandourcountry，wedecidetolearnmoreaboutotherculturesinordertobetterunderstandothers.NoticingthedifferencesindiningbehaviorsbetweensomeWesterncountriesandourcountry，wedecidetolearnmoreaboutotherculturesinordertobetterunderstandothers.The Ancient City of Pingyao,a we
28、ll-preserved urbanlandscapefromtheMingandQingdynasties，ishometomorethan300culturalrelicsandnearly4,000traditionalbuildings.OnDecember3,1997,theAncientCityofPingyaowasincludedontheWorldHeritageListasawhole,basedonthreeoutoftenselectioncriteria（评选标准）（评选标准）.Criterion（ii）:Itreflectsthedevelopmentofarchi
29、tecturalstylesinoverfivecenturies.Criterion（iii）:Thebusinessshopsinthecityshowtheeconomicsuccessfromthe19thcenturytotheearly20thcentury.Criterion（iv）:ItisanoutstandingexampleoftheHanChinesecityoftheMingandQingDynastiesthathasgreatlykeptallitsfeatures.From:UNESCOWorldHeritageCentreChartIPlacesthatcat
30、chpeopleseyesShuanglinTempleWithmorethan2,000paintedsculptures（雕雕像像）madefromtheYuanDynastytotheMingDynasty,ShuanglinTemplehas been known as an“oriental art gallery of paintedsculptures”.ZhenguoTempleItdatesbacktotheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdoms.InthetemplestandstheHallofTenThousandBuddhas（万万佛佛殿殿）,whic
31、h is one of the earliest and most valuable woodenbuildingsfoundinChina.The PerformingArtsCenterAnother Glance at Pingyaoisanindoorsituationaldramawhichhasnotraditionalstage.Theaudience（观观众众）walkwhilewatching.Itiswellworthwatching,becauseitshowsthespirit of Shanxi traders and brings the audience a ne
32、w andemotionalexperience.WaystokeeptheAncientCityofPingyaoaliveAlotofeffortshavebeenmadeovertheyearstoprotectthe ancient city.First,laws such as the Law of the Peoples Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relicshavebeendevelopedforprotectionandmanagement.Atthesametime,restoration（修修复复）wor
33、khasbeenorganizedbygroupslikethe Management Committee of World Cultural Heritage-AncientCityofPingyao.Whatsmore,thelocalgovernmentand some social groups are trying hard to raise visitorsattentiontotheimportanceofprotectingculturalrelics.1.跨跨学学科科整整合合HowlonghastheAncientCityofPingyaobeenontheWorldHeri
34、tageList？For27years.For27years.The Ancient City of Pingyao,a well-preserved urbanlandscapefromtheMingandQingdynasties,ishometomorethan300culturalrelicsandnearly4,000traditionalbuildings.OnDecember3,1997,theAncientCityofPingyaowasincludedontheWorldHeritageListasawhole,basedonthreeoutoftenselectioncri
35、teria（评选标准）（评选标准）.2.WhywastheAncientCityofPingyaolistedontheWorldHeritageList？（OneisOK.）Becauseitreflectsthedevelopmentofarchitecturalstylesinoverfivecenturies./Because the business shops in the city show the economicsuccess from the 19thcenturytotheearly20thcentury./Becauseitisanoutstandingexampleo
36、ftheHanChinesecityoftheMingandQingDynastiesthathasgreatlykeptallitsfeatures.Becauseitreflectsthedevelopmentofarchitecturalstylesinoverfivecenturies./Because the business shops in the city show the economicsuccess from the 19thcenturytotheearly20thcentury./BecauseitisanoutstandingexampleoftheHanChine
37、secityoftheMingandQingDynastiesthathasgreatlykeptallitsfeatures.Criterion（ii）:Itreflectsthedevelopmentofarchitecturalstylesinoverfivecenturies.Criterion（iii）:Thebusinessshopsinthecityshowtheeconomicsuccessfromthe19thcenturytotheearly20thcentury.Criterion（iv）:ItisanoutstandingexampleoftheHanChineseci
38、tyoftheMingandQingDynastiesthathasgreatlykeptallitsfeatures.From:UNESCOWorldHeritageCentreChartI3.真真实实任任务务情情境境 Mingming is a fan of ancient woodenbuildings.WheremusthevisitwhenhecomestotheAncientCityofPingyao？ZhenguoTemple./TheHallofTenThousandBuddhas.ZhenguoTemple./TheHallofTenThousandBuddhas.Zheng
39、uoTempleItdatesbacktotheFiveDynastiesandTenKingdoms.InthetemplestandstheHallofTenThousandBuddhas（万万佛佛殿殿）,which is one of the earliest and most valuable woodenbuildingsfoundinChina.4.WhyisAnother Glance at Pingyaowellworthwatching？BecauseitshowsthespiritofShanxitradersandbringstheaudienceanewandemoti
40、onalexperience.BecauseitshowsthespiritofShanxitradersandbringstheaudienceanewandemotionalexperience.The PerformingArtsCenterAnother Glance at Pingyaoisanindoorsituationaldramawhichhasnotraditionalstage.Theaudience（观观众众）walkwhilewatching.Itiswellworthwatching,becauseitshowsthespirit of Shanxi traders
41、 and brings the audience a new andemotionalexperience.5.PleasefillinthemissingpartofChartII.Howcanyouprotectthehistoricalplaceinyourownway？Developlaws.Icanavoiddoingharmtothehistoricalplace./Icanfollowtheruleswhenvisitingtheplace./.Developlaws.Icanavoiddoingharmtothehistoricalplace./Icanfollowtherul
42、eswhenvisitingtheplace./.A lot of efforts have been made over the years to protect theancientcity.First,lawssuchastheLaw of the Peoples Republic of China on the Protection of Cultural Relicshavebeendevelopedforprotectionandmanagement.Atthesametime,restoration（修修复复）workhasbeenorganizedbygroupslikethe
43、ManagementCommitteeofWorldCulturalHeritage-AncientCityofPingyao.Whatsmore,thelocalgovernmentandsomesocialgroupsaretryinghardtoraisevisitorsattentiontotheimportanceofprotectingculturalrelics.6.Doyouliketovisithistoricalbuildings？Why？Yes，Ido.BecauseIcanlearnalotaboutthecultureandhistory./BecauseIwantt
44、oexperiencetherichcultureofmycountry./BecauseIminterestedinsomanyplacesofinterestthere./.Yes，Ido.BecauseIcanlearnalotaboutthecultureandhistory./BecauseIwanttoexperiencetherichcultureofmycountry./BecauseIminterestedinsomanyplacesofinterestthere./.价值引领价值引领该该语语篇篇通通过过介介绍绍平平遥遥古古城城景景点点及及文文物物保保护护，引引导导学学生生积
45、积极极汲汲取取我我国国文文化化精精华华（takeintheessenceofChineseculture），涵涵养养家家国国情情怀怀，坚坚定定文文化化自自信信。同同时时形形成成历历史史传传承承的的意意识识，形形成敬畏历史、敬畏文化的价值观。成敬畏历史、敬畏文化的价值观。语篇分析语篇分析该该语语篇篇主主题题属属于于“人人与与社社会会”范范畴畴中中“历历史史、社社会会与与文文化化”主主题题群群中中的的“世世界界主主要要国国家家的的文文化化习习俗俗与与文文化化景景观观、节节假假日日与庆祝活动与庆祝活动”子主题。子主题。以读促写以读促写语语篇篇中中在在介介绍绍双双林林寺寺时时用用到到了了这这样样的的句
46、句式式“Withmorethan2,000paintedsculptures（雕雕像像）madefromtheYuanDynasty to the Ming Dynasty,Shuanglin Temple has beenknownasanorientalartgalleryofpaintedsculptures.”。亮亮点点：过过去去分分词词made作作后后置置定定语语，说说明明彩彩绘绘雕雕像像是是在在元元代至明代制作的。代至明代制作的。仿仿写写：有有着着5,000年年来来发发展展起起来来的的传传统统文文化化，我我们们的的国国家家正在向世界展示着它的美。正在向世界展示着它的美。Withthetraditionalculturedevelopedfrom5，000yearsago，ourcountryisshowingitsbeautytotheworld.Withthetraditionalculturedevelopedfrom5,000yearsago，ourcountryisshowingitsbeautytotheworld.