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1、 名词和主名词和主 谓谓 一一 致致 英语语法专题之英语语法专题之Subject and Verb Agreement Nouns&专有名词专有名词:Marx,Beijing,Asia,普通名词普通名词 可数名词可数名词 个体名词个体名词 集体名词集体名词 不可数名词不可数名词 物质名词物质名词 抽象名词抽象名词 分类分类名名 词词IIII.有些可数名词与不可数名词相互转化，词义不同。有些可数名词与不可数名词相互转化，词义不同。air/airs experience/experienceslook/looks feeling/feelingswood/woods manner/mannersp
2、aper/papers sand/sandsgood/goods （空气神气）（空气神气）(脸色容貌脸色容貌)（经验经历）（经验经历）(树木森林树木森林)（感觉感情）（感觉感情）（态度礼貌）（态度礼貌）（纸报纸）（纸报纸）（沙子沙滩）（沙子沙滩）（好处货物）（好处货物）a school School is over.a chicken chickenat the table at table(学校学校)（小鸡）（小鸡）（鸡肉）（鸡肉）（上学）（上学）（在桌旁）（在桌旁）（吃饭）（吃饭）III.名词的复数名词的复数1.规则变化（略）规则变化（略）2.以以O结尾的外来词、缩写词及专有名词只加结尾的
3、外来词、缩写词及专有名词只加Sphotos kilos pianos Eskimos WTOs3.以下以以下以F结尾的词只加结尾的词只加S.roofs safes gulfs serfs beliefs proofs4.不规则名词的复数不规则名词的复数.man tooth mouse goose child woman foot ox5.5.单复数同形单复数同形.deer sheep fish Chinese(ese结尾者结尾者)汉语拼音拼出的计量单位的名词汉语拼音拼出的计量单位的名词:li,jin,mu,yuan,6.6.形为单数，实为复数的名词：形为单数，实为复数的名词：people,ca
4、ttle,police,stuff,audience,crew7.S7.S结尾仍为单数的名词结尾仍为单数的名词:maths physics news politics phonetics the United States The Arabian Nights8.8.S S结尾结尾,单复数同形单复数同形:means,works(工事工事/著作著作)a steel works two steel works Every means has been tried.All means have been tried.9.9.仅有复数形式的名词仅有复数形式的名词:clothes glasses tro
5、usersthanks gloves compasses jeans socks congratulations10.10.复合名词的复数复合名词的复数:只变主体词只变主体词:lookers-on passers-by sons-in-law girl-friends 无主体词在末尾加无主体词在末尾加S Sgrown-ups go-betweens forget-me-nots以以man womanman woman构成的复合词，两部分都变成复数构成的复合词，两部分都变成复数men doctors women teachersIV.IV.名词所有格名词所有格1 1.加加SS;S S结尾加结尾加
6、但定语较长时用但定语较长时用ofof结构：结构：the name of the story2.s后省略后省略 house/home/shop 的的:the barbers my uncles3.3.两人共用两人共用,只在后面加只在后面加ss,否则都加否则都加ss Tom and Jacks desk Toms and Jacks desks4.4.双重所有格双重所有格(表赞成或厌恶表赞成或厌恶)：a/an/two/some/few (特指的特指的)名词名词s n+of+This/that/these/those 名词性物主代词名词性物主代词(不能用不能用one)(不能用不能用the)a fri
7、end of Toms,this little girl of our teachers5.5.所有格不同所有格不同,含义有别含义有别;a book of my sisters=one of my sisters booksa book of my sistermy sisters booka photo of Mr.Wangsa photo of Mr.WangV.V.名词作定语：名词作定语：1.一般用单数一般用单数 a car factory a shoe shop2.有时用复数有时用复数 sports meet talks table a sales manager一本关于我妹妹的书一本
8、关于我妹妹的书只是那一本只是那一本王所拥有的照片之一王所拥有的照片之一王本人的照片王本人的照片3.3.表所属关系时用所有格表所属关系时用所有格:a chemists shop boys/girls school ladies college/bike/room4.4.名词与同根名词与同根adjadj作定语之别作定语之别:名词表具体名词表具体/原义原义;adjadj表比喻表比喻blood group()bloody battle ()stone wall()stony heart ()gold watch ()golden watch()rain drops ()rainy season ()血
9、型血型血战血战石墙石墙铁石心肠铁石心肠金表金表镀金表镀金表雨滴雨滴雨季雨季 主主 谓谓 一一 致致Subject and Verb Agreement 的数必须和的数必须和 的数的数,人人称称一致一致,即主谓一致即主谓一致.1.就前原则就前原则2.就近原则就近原则3.语法一致语法一致4.意义一致意义一致可分为可分为谓语动词谓语动词主语主语1.1.就前原则就前原则 名词名词/代词代词+介词介词as well as/rather than/like/but/except/besides/including(along/together)with 作主语时，谓语动词用作主语时，谓语动词用就前原则就前
10、原则1.No one but your parents _ right.2.The teacher as well as the students _ the film.(like)3.All the desks including mine _ painting.(require)4.Nothing except some books _ what I can give you.(be)islikesrequireis2.2.就近原则就近原则:名词名词/代词代词+连词连词+并列主语时并列主语时 :or /eitheror /neithernor not onlybut(also)/and(t
11、here be)1.Neither he nor his brothers_hard.(work)2._he or you in the next room just now?(be)workWas3.3.语法一致语法一致:1).(a)little /either /neither /each/another/the other/-body /-one /-thing作主语作主语,谓语动词用谓语动词用_数数;1.Neither of them _ the answer.(know)2.Everything_well.(go)3.Little of what he said _(be)accep
12、ted.knowsgoesis单单2)more than one /many a+N(单单)V ()Many a boy done his homework.(have)has3)every every each +N(单单)+each +N(单单)V ()no noEvery man and(every)woman at work.(be)is4)时间时间/距离距离/钱钱/度量衡度量衡/数字数字作主语作主语V ()Three years passed.(have)Ten times four forty.(be)hasis5)单个非谓语动词结构及从句作主语单个非谓语动词结构及从句作主语+V
13、()单单单单单单单单Seeing believing.(be)What he said right.(prove)isproves6)成双成套复数如成双成套复数如trousers/shoes作主语作主语V()但但 a kind of/a pair of /+N(复复)V()His trousers _ him well.(fit)A pair of shoes _ under the bed.(be)fitis单单复复7)一些常见结构的一致问题一些常见结构的一致问题:1.The number of the boys in our class _ 36.(be)2.A number of boy
14、s _ this secret.(know)3.A book or two _ enough.(be)4.One or two books _ enough.(be)isknowisare5.She is the only one of the girls who _ late.(be)is6.He is one of the students who _ the answer.(know)knowvery that4.4.意义一致意义一致1)and /bothand.V()但但 指同一人（概念）时指同一人（概念）时V()指两个人（概念）时指两个人（概念）时V()Tom and I _ goo
15、d at English.The writer and poet _ come.The writer and the poet _ come.A knife and fork _ for the use of a foreigner.(be)arehashaveis复复单单复复2)集体名词集体名词:family team class army crew group school club population指指整体整体，谓语动词用，谓语动词用单数单数；指；指内部成员内部成员用用复数复数Our family _ watching TV.(like)The population of the e
16、arth _ increasing fast.(be)One third of the population here _ workers.likeisare3).The+adj.表一类人或事物时表一类人或事物时,谓语用谓语用复数复数,表不可数的事物或概念表不可数的事物或概念,用用单数单数;1.The wounded _ well looked after here.(be)2.The best _ yet to come.(be)3._ the rich help the poor here？areisDo 4)a quantity/amount/variety/mass/of+N:quan
17、tities/amounts/varieties/masses 谓语和谓语和of前的名词保持一致前的名词保持一致.An amount of money _ needed.Amounts of money _ needed.Quantities of water _ in the pool.A mass of cars _ on the road.areareisis1.A student or two _(be)caught cheating.A.was B.were2.A desk and chair _(need)to be repaired.A.need B.needs3.A pair
18、of shoes _(be)under the bed.A.is B.are4.More than one boy _(be)late this morning.A.was B.wereABAAPractice makes perfectPractice makes perfect对比选择填空：对比选择填空：1 1a.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentsthat_gotfullmark.b.Heisoneofthestudentsthat_gotfullmake.A.isB.areC.hasD.have2.a.Threefourthsoftheteacherspresent_
19、againsttheplan.b.Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth_coveredwithwater.A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.a.Thefamoussingeranddancer_ourpartythisevening.b.Thefamoussingerandthefamousdancer_ourpartythisevening.A.aregoingtoattendB.wastoattendC.weretoattendD.isgoingtoattendCDBADA4.a.Anumberofstudents_fromthecountry.b
20、.Thenumberofstudents_900.A.isB.areC.hasD.have5.a.Manyaboy_thiskindofbicycle.b.Manyboys_thiskindofbicycle.A.likeB.likesBABA6.a.Icanworkouttwoofthefiveproblems,buttherest_toodifficultforme.b.Ihavefinishedonethirdoftheworkandtherest_leftforyou.A.isB.areC.hasD.have7.a.Thepopulationofthesmallcountry_600,
21、000.b.Twothirdsofthepopulationinthissmallcountry_farmers.A.hasB.haveC.isD.are8.a.Thebasketballteam_bathsnow.b.Thebasketballteam_5members.A.hasB.ishavingC.arehavingD.haveBACDCA9.a.Theyeach_anewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.b.Eachofthem_anewEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.hasB,haveC.isD.are10.a.Ascientistands
22、omeofhisassistants_tohelptodothework.b.Ascientist,aswellassomeofhisassistants,_tohelptodothework.A.sentB.sendC.weresentD.wassentBACD11.a.There_amagazine,afewlettersandsomenewspapersonthetable.b.There_afewletters,amagazineandsomenewspaperonthetable.A.isB.areC.haveD.has12.a.Eitherofthestreet_linedbytr
23、eesandflowers.b.Bothofthestreet_linedbytreesandflowers.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasABAB13.a.Therestofthestudentsintheschool_goingtostayatschool.b.Therestofhisincome_togivetohismother.A.isB.areC.wasD.were14.a.Thesheepthathehasraised_whiteones.b.Thesheepheisgoingtogivetohisson_ayoungone.A.isB.areC.haveD.hasBA
24、BA1.ProfessorJameswillgaveusalectureontheWesternculture,butwhenandwhere_yet.A.hasntbeendecided B.haventbeendecidedC.isntbeingdecidedD.arentbeingdecided2.Lately,alargenumberofreliefsupplies_senttothedisasterareaandamountsofmoney_spentonpost-reconstruction.A.havebeen;havebeenB.havebeen;hasbeenC.were;w
25、as D.were;were3.Betweenthetworowsoftrees_theteachingbuilding.A.standB.standsC.standingD.areAAB4.There_apartythisweekend.A.isgoingtohave B.aregoingtohaveC.isgoingtobeD.aregoingtobe5.Heisoneofthefewpersonswho_agoodknowledgeofItalian.A.hasB.have6.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_beengivenaprize.A.hasB.have7.
26、MrBlackoften_fishingonSundays.A.goB.goesC.dontgoD.isntgoCBAB8.ThePeoplesRepublicofChina_onOctober1,1949.A.found B.wasfoundC.isfoundedD.wasfounded9.Theteacherwithanumberofstudents_(be)intheclassroom.10.Deletetheshortmessageatonce!Manyaman_bysuchtrickssofar.A.arecheatedB.ischeatedC.hasbeencheatedD.hav
27、ebeencheated11.Tomsparentsbehavior,aswellastheirwords_akeyeffectonhimduringthepasttwentyyears.A.have B.havehadC.hashadD.hasDisCC12.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,95percentofwomenagedbetween15andearly40s_adoctoronceayear,comparedto70percentofmeninthesameagegroup.A.seeB.seesC.sawD.hadseen13.Myfamilyaswellas
28、I_gladtohearthenewsthatyouhavebeenadmittedtosuchafamousuniversity.A.areB.amC.is D.was14.“Newsofvictories_pouringin,”thecompanycommandersaid.A.keepB.keepsC.keptD.havekept15.Thiscourse_intermediate-levelstudents.A.isintendedB.isintendedforC.withintentionD.isintendforAABB16.Theboywithtwodogs_intheyardw
29、hentheearthquakerockedthecity.A.isplayingB.wasplaying C.areplaying D.wereplaying17.WiththedevelopmentofeconomyandthespreadofChineseculture,thenumberofforeignstudentsattendingChineseuniversities_risingsteadilysince1997.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen18.Thenumberofpeopleinvitedtotheweddingyesterday_twohu
30、ndred,butasmallnumberofthem_absentfordifferentkindsofreasons.A.is;areB.was;wasC.was;wereD.are;were19.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_elected.A.are B.havebeen C.hasbeenD.isbeingBCCC20.There_twopensandabookonthedesk.A.isB.areC.beingD.tobe21.Morethanonestudent,_tookpartintheactivity,_thatthecharityactiv
31、itymeansalot.A.who,thinks B.who,thoughtC.that,thinksD.whom,think22.Thefamoussingeranddancer_ourpartythisevening.A.aregoingtoattendB.wastoattendC.weretoattendD.isgoingtoattend23.Thefamoussingerandthefamousdancer_ourpartythisevening.A.aregoingtoattendB.wastoattendC.weretoattendD.isgoingtoattendBADA24.
32、Thenumberofmembersintheclub_morethan200atpresent.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.havebeen25.Manyaboy_thiskindofbicycle.A.likeB.likesC.havelikedD.dontlike26.Manyboys_thiskindofbicycle.A.likeB.likesC.haslikedD.doesntlike27.Wecantusethemachinenow,forit_.A.hasbeenrepairedB.isrepairingC.isrepairedD.isbeingrepairedAB
33、AD28.Theconstructionofthetwonewrailwaylines_bynow.A.hascompleted B.havecompletedC.havebeencompletedD.hasbeencompleted29.Linda，thephoneinyourofficecantbeconnectedallthetime.Why?Oh，sorry，MissMiles.Theservice_sincelastWednesday.A.hasbeenstoppedB.hasstoppedC.wasstoppedD.hadstopped30.Theplane_offat10:10.
34、Thatis,it_intenminutes.A.takes;isleavingB.willtake;isleavingC.willtake;leavesD.takes;leavesDAA31.Oneinelevenchildren_notattendingschool.Youshouldbegratefulifyouareoneoftheluckyonesatseniorhighschool.A.areB.wasC.is D.were32.Uptonow,alargenumberofnewhouses_forthosewholosttheirhomesinthatterribleearthq
35、uake.A.hasbeenbuiltB.havebeenbuiltC.isbeingbuiltD.arebeingbuilt33.Thenewly-shownmovieiswellworth_.Hence,yourfirstmainjobtodayis_tothecinema!Iassumethatthisexperienceyouvebeenlookingforwardto_rewarding.A.tosee,going,beingB.seeing,togo,isC.seeing,togo,beingD.tosee,togo,isCBB34.AtXiXi,takingaboattour,w
36、alkingalongpaths,and_localcustomsandtraditionsofvillagesinthispark_thetopofthelistpeoplesfavoriteactivities.A.experiencing,isB.toexperience,isC.experiencing,are D.experienced,are35.Manyachild_theoldmanwhooftentellsthemstorieseveryday.A.surroundB.issurroundedC.surroundsD.aresurrounding36.Eachboyandea
37、chgirl_therighttogetentertainmentandsupportinhisorherchildhood.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveCCC37.Tom,aswellashisparents,_inChinaoverthepastfiveyears.A.havebeenliving B.hasbeenlivingC.arelivingD.isliving38.I,_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.A.whoisB.whatis C.whatamD.whoam39.Nowadays,cycling,alongwithswimmingandrunning,_asoneofthebestformsofexercise.A.regardsB.isregardedC.areregarded D.regarding40.NotonlyIbutalsoAlbertandMary_physics.A.amfondof B.arefondofC.isfondofD.wasfondofBDBBThank you!Work hard and youll make progress every day!