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1、高考复习干货之阅读主旨题阅读专题：主旨题解题思路：主旨题分为两种解法： 但是在解法上，主旨题分为两种解法： 1）首尾段解法（首段如果太短，就首段+第二段）+寻找中心句法 适用面最广2）自拟题目法+逆推法 （尤适用于记叙文）两种解法分别对应不同类型的阅读文章文体。自拟题目法对应纯记叙文，首尾段法对应说明文，议论文（或者说首尾段法对应除了记叙文外的其他文体。）其他注意事项备注：注意文中给的汉字注释。1）首尾段解法（首段如果太短，就首段+第二段）+寻找中心句法 重视首尾段，尤其重视首尾段的中心句。中心句很有可能会 涉及文章中多次提到或核心的关键词一般做法是：Step 1 看首段有没有转折词或者因果顺
2、承关系的词（but，yet，however，although，thus, therefore等），若有即该句很有可能是主旨句 Step 2 若没有转折词，看尾句是否有总结性的语句，若有，则尾句是. Step 3 若不存在两种情况，那往往第一句是。 2）自拟题目法+逆推法 （尤适用于记叙文）记叙文的主旨，先把不够具体比较空泛的选项排除。自拟题目法+逆推法意思是记叙文读完之后，自己先起一个题目，然后看选项哪个选项和自己的题目最接近。如果不行，就把四个选项当成命题作文，想象自己会怎么写文章，会不会写成文中那样。主旨大意题主要考查考生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，以概括1）中心大意、2）段落大意、
3、3）选择标题及4）判断作者写作意图等形式出现。1）中心大意e.g What can be concluded from the passage?2) 段落大意e.g What is Paragraph _ mainly about?3）选择标题e.g What could be the best title for the passage？4）判断作者写作意图e.g What is the authors intention of writing this passage?1）中心大意2013年天津高考 D篇When asked about happiness, we usually thin
4、k of something extraordinary, an absolute delight, which seems to get rarer the older we get.For kids, happiness has a magical quality. Their delight at winning a race or getting a new bike is unreserved(毫无掩饰的).In the teenage years the concept of happiness changes. Suddenly its conditional on such t
5、hings as excitement, love and popularity. I can still recall the excitement of being invited to dance with the most attractive boy at the school party.In adulthood the things that bring deep joy -love, marriage, birth-also bring responsibility and the risk of loss. For adults, happiness is complicat
6、ed(复杂的).My definition of happiness is “the capacity for enjoyment”. The more we can enjoy what we have, the happier we are. Its easy to overlook the pleasure we get form the company of friends, the freedom to live where we please, and even good health. I experienced my little moments of pleasure yes
7、terday. First I was overjoyed when I shut the last lunch-box and had the house to myself. Then I spent an uninterrupted morning writing, which I love. When the kids and my husband came home, I enjoyed their noise after the quiet of the day.Psychologists tell us that to be happy we need a mix of enjo
8、yable leisure time and satisfying work. I dont think that my grandmother, who raised 14 children, had much of either. She did have a network of close friends and family, and maybe this is what satisfied her.We, however, with so many choices and such pressure to succeed in every area, have turned hap
9、piness into one more thing weve got to have. Were self-conscious about our “right” to it that its making us miserable. So we chase it and equal it with wealth and success, without noticing that the people who have those things arent necessarily happier.Happiness isnt about what happens to us-its abo
10、ut how we see what happens to us. Its the skillful way of finding a positive for every negative. Its not wishing for what we dont have, but enjoying what we do possess.What can be concluded from the passage?A. Happiness lies between the positive and negative. B. Each man is the master of his own fat
11、e. C. Success leads to happiness. D. Happy is he who is content.答案：D 这个主旨比较简单，整篇文章都在说幸福，首尾段联系起来，可以选D。2) 段落大意2018-2019年高三英语周报Recently researchers studied spiders and had new discovers. The team, led by Dr. Nabawy，was trying to unlock the secrets behind the jumping spiders extraordinarily high jumps t
12、o catch the prey(猎物). A better understanding of the secrets behind their jumps would help experts develop more efficient jumping robots.While obtaining the test spiders from a pet shop was easy enough, training them to jump on demand so that the precise movements could be recorded was challenging.3
13、Since spiders eat only once a week, attracting them with food would result in just a single jump every seven days. The researchers, therefore, decided to try to train the spiders to jump by physically moving them back and forth between two moveable platforms, which could be adjusted to different lev
14、els and distance. They hoped that once the spiders became familiar with the challenge, they would try to attempt it by themselves. Eventually, one spider, Kim, decided to cooperate.Whats Paragraph 3 mainly about?A. The jumping characteristic of spiders B.The precise movements of spiders.C.The effort
15、s to attract spiders to jump for food D.The training process of spiders jumping on demand.答案：D therefore表示递进，由此找到第三段中心句，根据中心句选出正确答案。3）选择标题2013年天津高考 C篇Poet William Stafford once said that we are defined more by the detours (绕行路) in life than by the narrow road toward goals. I like this image. But it
16、was quite by accident that I discovered the deep meaning of his words.For years we made the long drive from our home in Seattle to my parents home in Boise in nine hours. We traveled the long way most people do: the fastest, shortest, easiest road, especially when I was alone with four noisy, restle
17、ss kids who hate confinement(限制) and have strong opinions about everything.Road trips felt risky, so I would drive fast, stopping only when I had to. We would stick to the freeways and arrive tired.But then Banner, our lamb was born. He was rejected by his mama days before our planned trip to Boise.
18、 I had two choices: leave Banner with husband, or take him with me. My husband made the decision for me.That is how I found myself on the road with four kids, a baby lamb and nothing but my everlasting optimism to see me through. We took the country roads out of necessity. We had to stop every hour,
19、 let Banner shake out his legs and feed him. The kids chased him and one another. Theyd get back in the car breathless and energized, smelling fresh from the cold air.We explored side roads, catching grasshoppers in waist-high grass. Even if we simply looked out of the car windows at baby pigs follo
20、wing their mother, or fish leaping out of the water, it was better than the ride down the freeway. Here was life. And new horizons (见识).We eventually arrived at my parents doorstep astonishingly fresh and full of stories. I grew brave with the trip back home and creative with my disciplining techniq
21、ue. On an empty section of road, everyone started quarreling. I stopped the car, ordered all kids out and told them to meet me up ahead. I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.Some road trips are by necessity fast and straight. But that trip with Banner opened our eyes to
22、 a world available to anyone adventurous enough to wander around and made me realize that a detour may uncover the best part of a journey-and the best part of yourself.What could be the best title for the passage?A. Charm of the DetourB. The Road to BraveryC. Creativity out of NecessityD. Road Trip
23、and Country Life答案：A 联系首尾段能得出正确答案2017年天津高考 C篇This month，Germanys transport minister，Alexander Dobrindt，proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆)They would define the drivers role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost.The proposal att
24、empts to deal with what some call the “death valley” of autonomous vehicles：the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.Dobrindt wants three things：that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury；that it never distinguishe
25、s between humans based on age or race；and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheelto check email，saythe cars maker is responsible if there is a crash.“The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving，” says Dobrindt.It will put fully driverless cars on an
26、 equal legal footing to human drivers，he says.Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers，consumers and lawyers.“The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all，”says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds，UK.An assumption behind UK insurance for dr
27、iverless cars，introduced earlier this year，insists that a human “be watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment.But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars.“When you say driverless cars，people expect driverless cars，”Merat says.“You knowno driver.”Because of
28、the confusion，Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without human operation.Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles you own，says Ryan Calo at Stanford University，California.That is happening in the UK and Singapore，where
29、 government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.That would go down poorly in the US，however.“The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here，”says Calo.What could be the best title for the passage?AAutonomous
30、Driving：Whose Liability? BFully Automatic Cars：A New BreakthroughCAutonomous Vehicles：Driver Removed! DDriverless Cars：Root of Road Accidents答案：A 联系首尾段能得出答案，但是首尾段较难懂，可以多关注文中标明的汉字，就能明白全文再说什么。2016年四川高考 D篇A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights slee
31、p.But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素)，which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study，by researchers from Seoul，South Korea，involved m
32、ice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk，which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin，were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime，according to the study published in The Journal
33、of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now，taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studi
34、es have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content，which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in be
35、fore bedtime，the greater burden you will put on your body at night.What can be a suitable title for the text?ANight Milk and Sleep BFat，Sugar and Health CAn Experiment on Mice DMilk Drinking and Health答案：A 联系首尾段能得出答案4）判断作者写作意图2013年天津高考 B篇Last nights meteor (流星) shower left many people in the communi
36、ty dissatisfied and demanding answers. According to Gabe Rothschild, Emerald Valleys mayor, people gathered in the suburbs of the city, carrying heavy telescopes, expecting to watch the brightly burning meteors passing through the sky. What they found instead was a sky so brightened by the citys lig
37、hts that it darkened the light of the meteors passing overhead. “My family was so frustrated,” admitted town resident Duane Cosby, “We wanted to make this an unforgettable family outing, but it turned out to be a huge disappointment.” Astronomersscientists who study stars and planetshave been compla
38、ining about this problem for decades. They say that light pollution prevents them from seeing objects in the sky that they could see quite easily in the past. They call on people and the government to take measures to fight against it. There is yet a population besides professional and amateur star
39、observers that suffers even more from light pollution. This population consists of birds, bats, frogs, snakes, etc. For example, outdoor lighting severely affects migrating (迁徙的) birds. According to the International Dark-Sky Association, “100 million birds a year throughout North America die in cra
40、shes with lighted buildings and towers.” Countless more animal casualties (伤亡) result from the use of artificial lighting. Clearly, people enjoy the benefits of lighting their evenings. But some scientists think it can be harmful for humans, too. They worry that exposure to light while sleeping can
41、increase a persons chances of getting cancer. Emerald Valley is only one community that is becoming aware of the negative effects of light pollution. For years, Flagstaff, Arizona, has enforced lighting regulations in its city in order to assist astronomers at the Lowell Observatory. Similar efforts
42、 have been made worldwide, and a movement is underway to remind us to turn off lights when we are not using them, so that other creatures can share the night.What message does the author most want to give us?A. Saving wildlife is saving ourselves.B. Great efforts should be made to save energy.C. Hum
43、an activities should be environmentally friendly.D. New equipment should be introduced for space study.答案：C 联系首尾段能得出答案。2018年天津高考D篇Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, youll h
44、ave no trouble answering these questions.Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A childs day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的) to new
45、stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chill
46、y night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a
47、hot spring. Later they all admitted theyd felt cold water at first.Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a ruby-crowned kinglet and checked it off. They no longer
48、 paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.The pressures of time and destination are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see whats around them. I asked them what theyd seen. Oh, a few birds, they said. They seemed bent on their destin