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1、考点08 一般体高考频度： 【命题解读】动词的时态已经成为语篇型填空和短文改错的必考点。高考对谓语动词的考查一时态为住，语态为辅。对于时态的考查主要集中在一般现在时，一般过去时、现在完成时等等常见时态。此外在考查物动词的同时还考查主谓一致问题。【命题预测】预计2021年时态仍将是高考的重点和难点所在。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式考查，动词的时态在语法填空和短文改错中既是必考点又是热点。高考在考查时态的同时，仍然以最基本的时态（一般现在时，一般过去时、现在完成时）为主，但是也会兼顾其他语法内容的考查，比如各种从句、强调句、倒装句等，其交叉式和复合式的特点尤为明显。【复习建议】 1. 了解并
2、能正确运用必考的10种时态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、将来进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时、现在完成进行时）；2. 熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时等高考高频时态；3. 掌握几种易混时态的区别，如现在完成时和一般过去时等。动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)时 体现在时过去时将来时过去将来时一般体do / doesdidshall/will doshould/would do进行体am/is/are doingwas/were doingshall/will be doing来源:学。科。网should/would be doing完成体h
3、ave/has donehad doneshall/will have doneshould/would have done完成进行体have/has been doinghad been doingshall/will have been doingshould/would have been doing来源:Z.xx.k.Com考向一 一般现在时1） 一般现在时的构成一般现在时主要用动词的原形表示,如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es,其变化规则如下表所示:情况规则例词一般情况加-seateats; riserises以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词加
4、-esdiscussdiscusses;teachteaches以“辅音字母加-y”结尾的动词变-y为-iescarrycarries; flyflies2）一般选择时的用法1. 表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常和often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday，once a week等表示频率的时间状语连用。 He takes a walk after supper every day. 他每天晚饭后散步。 My mother works at the same company as my father. 我的母亲和父亲在同一家公司工作。 We al
5、ways care for each other and help each other. 我们总是相互关心、相互帮助。2. 表示客观事实或普通真理（不受时态限制）。The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun. 地理老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。Japan lies to the east of China. 日本位于中国的东方。The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳东升西落。3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。Mr Smith hates fish and
6、 never eats any. 史密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃鱼。Mary speaks both English and French very well. 玛丽英语和法语都说得很好。4. 表示按照时刻表或者时间表安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。 The plane takes off at 10:00 a.m. 飞机上午10点起飞。 Tomorrow is Wednesday. 明天是星期三。5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来的动作。 We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow. 如果明
7、天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。 I cant leave unless my boss agrees. 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。注意：if 条件状语从句中可用shall 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased. 如果你愿意接受我的邀请来参加我们的聚会，我的家人会很高兴。【巧学妙记】一般现在时用法口诀用好一般现在时，时间状语需牢记。基本用法要记清，动作习惯经常性。客观真理和能力，有时还表将来时。谓语若为行为动，形式还要主语定。主语人称是
8、三单，动词要把-s/-es添。句中若把助动用，谓语动词用原形。1.【2019新课标I卷语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。2.
9、（2017新课标卷II短文改错）When summer came, they will invite their students pick the vegetables！【答案】将came改为comes【解析】考查时态。主句是是一般将来时，且本文全篇为一般现在时，故将came改为comes。3. （2017新课标卷I语法填空）Fast food _67_ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 （eating） (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their
10、 diet.【答案】is【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：快餐食物中满是脂肪和盐。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。4. （2017新课标卷III语法填空）Sarah says, My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I dont want to get too absorbed in modeling.【答案】comes【解析】考查动词的时态。根据语境可知Sarah认为当下应该是学业第一，说明现
11、在的情况应该用一般现在时。5. （2017北京卷单项填空） People_ better access to health care than they used to,and theyre living longer as a result.A. will haveB. haveC. hadD. had had【答案】B【解析】句意：人们有着比过去更好的医疗保健，所以他们更长寿。与过去对比是现在，所以than前一句话是用现在的时间，而且后一句用的就是现在时态，所以前面也用现在时态，故选B。考向二 一般过去时1）一般过去时的构成一般过去时由动词的过去式表示,其动词规则变化如下表所示:情况规则例
12、词一般情况加-edplay played; discussdiscussed以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为-iedcarrycarried; trytried以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词双写辅音字母加-edplan planned; refer referred以不发音的e结尾的动词直接加-dprovide provided; likeliked2) 一般过去时的用法1. 表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态，常用yesterday，last year，in 1995，the other day等作时间状语。It was a terrible piece of work y
13、ou turned in yesterday. 你昨天上交的作业真是很糟糕。He came to work here two weeks ago. 他两周前来这儿上班的。2. 表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我小时候，经常在大街上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. Brown夫妇访问期间，不论走到哪里，都受到了热烈的欢迎。3. 用于固定句型中
14、。It is time you went to bed. 到了你上床睡觉的时间了。Id rather you came tomorrow. 我宁愿你明天来。4. wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。Sorry, I didnt see the sign over there. 对不起，我（刚才）没看见那边的指示牌。5. 在时间状语从句、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时。He said he would not go if it rained. 他说要是下雨，他
15、就不去。6. 有些句子，虽然没有明确的表示过去的时间状语，但实际上指的是过去发生的动作或状态，也要用一般过去时。常见的此类动词有know, think, expect等，表示本来认为。I didnt expect to meet you here. 我没想到会在这儿遇到你。I thought he had heard the news. 我原以为他已经听说了这个消息。常见考法：1. 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去将来；2. 没有时间状语时灵活选用一般过去时的情况；3. as if /as though引导的从句中用一般过去表示虚拟语气。【误区提醒】时间和条件状语从句中用错时
16、态；没时间状语时习惯用一般现在时。【巧学妙记】一般过去时用法口诀动词一般过去时，表示过去发生事。句中动词用过去式，过去时间作标记。否定句，很简单，谓语动词前didnt添。疑问构成也有法，主语前面Did加。还有一点不能忘，后面动词要还原。1. （2020全国I卷语法填空）The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.【答案】69. much 【解析】
17、句意为“月球的构成成分包含多少冰和其他物质”。由于 ice 为不可数名词，故应用 how much。 2. （2020全国II卷短文改错）Actually, I start to learn kung sure started fu when I was seven years old, for I have long been out of practice.【答案】start started; for but/yet 考查时态。【解析】根据时间状语从句 when I was seven years old，可知此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，因此将 start 改为 started；3. （
18、2020全国III卷语法填空）As/When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 66 (point) down the river.【答案】66. pointed 【解析】考查谓语动词。根据全文动词时态可推测整个故事发生在过去，并由与之并列的谓语动词 smiled 可知，此处应填 pointed。 4. （2020天津卷单项填空） You are a great swimmer.Thanks. Its b
19、ecause I _ a lot these days.A. have been practisingB. was practisingC. would practiseD. had practised【答案】A【解析】考查时态。句意:-你游泳很棒。-谢谢。这是因为这些天我一直在练习。根据时间状语these days(这些天)可知，“练习游泳”从数天前开始，一直持续到现在，因此该句应用现在完成进行时态。故选A。5.（2019江苏卷单项填空）A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the peopl
20、e and culture there.A. would fallB. had fallenC. has fallenD. fell【答案D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在had arrived之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选D。考向三 一般将来时1.shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。Which paragraph shall I read first? 我先读哪一段呢？Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗
21、？2.be going to +不定式，表示将来。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？ b. 计划或安排要发生的事。The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。 c. 有迹象要发生的事。Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。3.be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday
22、. 我们下星期六讨论这份报告。4.be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。 注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。5.一般现在时表将来。a. 下列动词come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。When does the b
23、us star? 汽车什么时候开？It stars in ten minutes. 十分钟后。b. 以here，there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。c. 在时间或条件句中。When Bill comes不是will come., ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。Ill write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给
24、你。d. 在动词hope，take care that，make sure that等的宾语从句中。I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。6.用现在进行时表示将来。下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。Im leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。Are you staying
25、 here till next week? 你会在这儿待到下周吗？【易混辨析】be going to用于条件句时，be going to表将来If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.will用于条件句时，will表意愿Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror. 如果你脱掉衣服，我们将在镜子前为你穿上新的衣服。be t
26、o表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)be going to表示主观的打算或计划Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)Dr. Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right. I _ him later.A. will callB. have calledC. callD will be calling【答案】A【解析】句意：Dr.Jackson现在不在办公室。好的，我待会再打给他。
27、由later可知，表示的是将来要执行的动作，用一般将来时。故选A。【名师点睛】本题根据对话形式进行时态考查，句中包含的时间状语是解答此题的突破点。所以要做好此类题，一定要注意题中有没有明确的时间点，或者其他可以代替时间点的词，所以根据时间状语可以看出正确答案。考向四 一般过去将来时1. 过去将来时的定义过去将来时主要用于表示过去某个时候看来即将发生的动作或存在的状态。He said he would come here next Friday. 他说他下周五来这儿。I knew that he would help us when we were in trouble. 我知道当我们陷入困境时
28、他会帮助我们。2. 过去将来时的结构（1） would + 动词原形She told us that she would try her best to catch up with other classmates this term. 她告诉我们说她将一切努力在本学期赶上其他同学。When you asked Li Lei for help, he would never refuse you. 当你请李雷帮忙时，他绝不会拒绝。（2）was / were going to + 动词原形He told us that he was going to attend the meeting. 他告
29、诉我说他要参加那次会议。He said that I was going to be sent to meet her at the railway station. 他说将要派我去火车站接她。（3）was / were to + 动词原形。The building was to be completed next month. 这座建筑该在下个月竣工。Li Lei was to arrive soon. 李雷很快就要到了。（4）was / were about to + 动词原形。We were about to leave there when it began to rain heavi
30、ly and suddenly. 就在我们要离开时，天突然下起了大雨。He was about to have lunch when the bell rang. 就在他要吃中饭的时候，门铃响了。（5）was / were +现在分词。He was leaving the next day. 他第二天要走了。We were informed that the leaders were coming to our school soon. 我们接到通知说领导们很快要来我们学校。3. 过去将来时的用法（1）过去将来时，一般用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中。He said he would stay w
31、ith us. 他说他要与我们待在一起。He said he would never go there again. 他说他绝不会再去那儿。（2）过去将来时，用于虚拟语气中。If I were you, I would not do that. 如果我是你的话，我就不会那样做。If he were here, he would show us how to do it. 如果他在这儿，他就会向我们展示该如何做了。【归纳拓展】was / were going to + 动词原形，was / were to + 动词原形，was / were about to + 动词原形等结构都可表达当时一种未
32、曾实现的意图或打算。The conference was going to be held the next month. 会议下个月开。We were to have our class at eight. 八点我们该上课了。Albert Einstein was born in 1879. As a child, few people guessed that he _ a famous scientist whose theories would change the world.A. has beenB. had beenC. was going to beD. was【答案】C【解析
33、】句意：爱因斯坦出生于1879年，小的时候很少人猜到他将会成为一个伟大的科学家，他的理论将会改变全世界。根据句意，应该是表达过去将来时，所以只有C选项符合。该选项是使用过去进行时表将来。A选项是现在完成时（用以表达过去的动作对现在的影响，往往有一些关键的词比如说since或者是for加一段时间）；B选项是过去完成时(具备的条件是有两个动词，而且其中一个动作要在另一个动作之前发生，那么这个之前发生的动词就使用过去完成时)；C选项是过去进行时（过去进行时表示过去某一此刻正在进行的动作，另外动词going的进行时还可以表达将来）；D选项是过去时（表达过去的动作）。结合以上的表述以及后句使用的情态动词
34、would（will 的过去式，用于过去将来时），分析可知答案就是C。【名师点睛】分析四个选项可以知道，该题考查的其实是不同的时态。掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题，如本题的1879, would change的提示。另外也要结合使用语境综合分析选项，最终得出答案。考向五 动词的时态一致原则(一)主句和名词性从句时态一致原则下面我们以宾语从句为例说明主句和名词性从句时态呼应的基本规律:1.主句是现在时或将来时时,从句可以用任何所需要的时态。如:The woman tells me that she is/was/will be
35、a nurse.2.主句是过去时态时,从句的时态有下面几种情况:(1)从句与主句动作同时发生,从句须用一般过去时或过去进行时。如:I thought he worked very hard.我认为他工作很努力。The actor said he was living in Beijing.这位男演员说他住在北京。(2)如果从句有具体的过去时间点,尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前,有时仍用一般过去时。如:She told me her brother died in 1960.她告诉我她哥哥是1960年去世的。(3)从句说的是一般真理或客观事实时,即使主句用过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。如:The
36、 teacher told us that the earth is round.老师告诉我们地球是圆的。(4)从句动作发生在主句动作之后时,从句须用过去将来时。如:I knew where Tom would celebrate his birthday.我知道汤姆将在哪里庆祝生日。(5)从句动作发生在主句动作之前时,从句须用过去完成时。(二)主句与状语从句时态一致原则在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中,若主句为一般将来时,则从句往往用一般现在时表将来;若主句为过去时,则从句也用相对应的过去时。如:Youll make progress if you keep working hard.如果你继
37、续努力,你就会取得进步。He told us that he wouldnt give up until he succeeded.他告诉我们在成功之前他决不放弃。(三)主句与定语从句时态一致原则定语从句的动词应根据动词本身所涉及的时间运用恰当的时态。如:That is the person who will give us a lecture tomorrow.那就是明天要给我们做报告的那个人。That was the person who would give us a lecture the next day.那就是第二天要给我们做报告的那个人。题组一 基础过关语法填空1.When I
38、came across that poster, a good idea suddenly _ (occur) to me.2.When the dog attacked him, he _(defence) himself from attack with a stick.3.Nature has provided Shangri-la with endless natural treasures, which _ (make) the land a happy home for the local people.4.It used to be a remote town set in a
39、valley where a stream _ (wind) its way through the cottages.5.Yesterday I went shopping, _(buy) some books and had dinner at a good restaurant.6.It is almost five years since Jimmy taught high school students and he _(serve) as an interpreter in a foreign enterprise.7.Hurry up! By the time we get to
40、 the assembly hall, the meeting _ (start).8.Only when the war was over in 1918 _ (be) he able to get happily back to work.9.After Sang Lan fell to the gymnastics mat with a broken neck, she _ (rush) to a top hospital in New York.10.The pretty girl passing by _(catch ) the eye of all the people stand
41、ing there.11.Meanwhile, we cant neglect the fact that it must _ (operate) with a phone and a network.12.He is the only one of the citizens who _ (kill) by COVID-19 in our city so far.13.Each working day, The Daily is _(update) on the website every hour, unless otherwise indicated.14.The rest of the
42、books _ (return) to the library the other day.15.During the outbreak of novel coronavirus（新冠病毒）, all the people were_(forbid) to go out.16.Every boy and every girl in that school _(invite) to attend a lecture on how to improve English yesterday.17.It _ (acknowledge) that wealth doesnt necessarily me
43、an happiness.18.We _ (stick) in traffic for over an hour.19.You will not _ (permit) to enter the building without the correct password.20.The babys parents were killed in the accident and he _(adopt) by an old man.题组二 能力提升时态语态专项综合训练（本题共10小题，每题1.5分，共15分）A university graduate described as a “respectab
44、le and intelligent” woman 1 (seek) professional help after being convicted of (证明有罪) shoplifting for the second time in six months.Aha Luz, recently studying for PhD 2 (tell) she would end up behind bars unless she can control the desire to steal from shops.Luz, who 3 (live) with her partner in Fitz
45、wdliam Road, Cambridge, and 4 (admit) stealing clothes worth 9.95 pounds from Lewis in Oxford Street，London，on March 9.Philip Lomoyne, prosecuting (起诉), said Luz 5 (select) some clothes from a display and 6 (take) them to the ladies toilet in the store.When she came out again she 7 (wear) one of the
46、 skirts she 8 (select), having taken off the antitheft security alarm.She 9 (stop) and caught after leaving the store without paying, Mr Lomoyne said.He added that she was upset on her arrest and 10 (apologize) for her actions.题组三 体验真题1. （2020全国I卷语法填空）The unmanned Change-4 probe (探测器) the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess 61 (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Ait