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1、考点23 让步和原因状语从句考向三、条件状语从句1. if引导的条件状语从句if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见虚拟语气)和真实条件状语从句。If he said that, he cant be telling the truth. 如果他说了那样的话，他不可能是说实话。2. unless引导的条件状语从句unless引导的是否定条件状语从句，在意义上相当于if.not，而且语气较强，一般不用于虚拟语气。Youll be late unless you hurry. 你会迟到的，如果不赶快的话。1.（2019江苏卷单项填空）The doctor shares his phone number w
2、ith the patients _ they need medical assistance.A. if onlyB. as ifC. even thoughD. in case【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：医生给了病人他的手机号码，以防病人需要医疗援助。A. if only要是多好；B. as if好像，仿佛；C. even though即使，尽管；D. in case以备，以防，免得，引导条件状语从句。故选D。2.（2019天津卷单项填空）Tom is so independent that he never asks his parents opinion _ he wa
3、nts their support.A. sinceB. onceC. unlessD. after【答案】C【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：汤姆是如此独立，以至于他从来不征求父母的意见，除非他想得到他们的支持。since因为；once一旦；unless除非；after在之后，根据题意，故选C。unless在此引导条件状语从句。3.(2018北京卷单项填空) _ we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.A. Although B. While C. If D. Until【答案】C
4、【解析】考查状语从句。句意：如果我们不阻止气候变化，那么世界上的很多动植物将会消失。分析句意及句子结构可知，动植物不灭绝的前提条件是阻止气候变化。although尽管；while当时候，尽管；if如果；until直到。根据句意可知选C。4._ we have enough evidence, we cant win the case.A. Once B. As long as C. Unless D. Since【答案】C【解析】考查连词。句意：如果我们没有足够的证据，我们就赢不了官司。后句说官司打不赢，用unless来表示相反的条件。【名师点睛】条件状语从句就是在复合句中表示主句动作发生条件
5、的状语从句。引导条件状语从句最经常用的连词是if，它的意思是如果； 也可以用unless引导：unless的意思是如果不除非，相当于if not。3. only if引导的条件状语从句only if在引导条件状语从句时意为只有(才)；只有在的时候，唯一的条件是。Ill let you use the car only if you keep it in good condition.只要你把车保养好，我就让你用。4. as/so long as引导的条件状语从句as/so long as意为只要；如果。As long as it doesnt rain, we can play.只要不下雨我们
6、就能玩。You wont find paper cutting difficult _you keep practicing it.A. even if B. as long as C .as if D. ever since【答案】B【解析】句意：只要你不断练习，你不会觉得剪纸很难。A. even though即使，虽然;B. as long as只要；C. as if犹如，好像；D. ever since自从。结合句意，此处用as long as引导条件状语从句。故选B。5. provided (that)/providing (that)引导的条件状语从句provided (that)/
7、providing (that)意为假如；如果。I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expense is paid.假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。Providing you promise not to tell anyone else Ill explain the secret. 假如你承诺不告诉别人，我就告诉你这个秘密。6. on condition that（条件是）和suppose / supposing (that)（假设；如果）也可引导条件状语从句I can tell you the truth on conditi
8、on that you promise to keep it a secret.我可以告诉你真相，条件是你答应保守秘密。Suppose/ Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help? 在条件状语从句中，通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义，而不能直接使用将来时态。不过，有时表示条件的 if之后可能用 will，但那不是将来时态, 而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。If you will sit down for a few moments, Ill tell the manager youre he
9、re. 请稍坐片刻，我这就通知经理说您来了。考向四 让步状语从句让步状语从句是状语从句中的一种。一般翻译为尽管即使就是我们日常生活中用的退一步说的感觉。引导让步状语从句的连词主要有以下这些：though, although, as; even if, even though; whether.or.; no matter+疑问词，疑问词-ever。下面对这些连词引导的让步状语从句作一说明。1. although/though引导的让步状语从句although和though，都作虽然；尽管解，通常可以换用，although的语气较重。如果要强调但是语气，可使用yet，still或neverthe
10、less来表示但是、依然或然而之意。Although they have been talking for a long time, he cannot make her believe him. 虽然和她谈了半天，他还是不能让她信任自己。We had to wait half an hour _we had already booked a table. A. sinceB. althoughC. until D. before【参考答案】B【答案解析】句意：尽管我们已经预定了桌子，但还是等了半小时。分析句子结构可知，此处是让步状语从句，所给四个选项中只有although可以引导让步状语从句
11、。故选B。2. even if/even though引导的让步状语从句（1）even if引导的让步状语从句even if 即使，纵然，从句表示的是尚未发生的动作或存在的情况。Even if it rains tomorrow, we wont change our plan. 即使明天下雨，我们也决不改变计划。Even if I failed again, I will not give up the experiment. 即使我再次失败，我也决不会放弃实验。（2） even though引导的让步状语从句even though虽然，尽管，从句所表示的是已经发生的动作或存在的情况，通常可
12、以和although/though换用。Even though I didnt understand a word, I kept smiling. 即使我一个字也不懂，我还是保持微笑。Even though you say so, I do not believe it. 即使你这样说，我也不信。（2016北京卷单项填空）My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, _ hes in his nineties.A. as long as B. as if C. even though D. in case【参考答案】C【答案解析】考查状语从句
13、。句意：即使九十多岁了，我的爷爷仍然时不时地打打网球。A.as long as只要，引导条件状语从句；B.as if似乎，引导方式状语从句或表语从句；C. even though即使，引导让步状语从句；D.in case以防，引导目的状语从句。这里是转折关系，故选C。3. as引导的让步状语从句as引导让步状语从句时，意为尽管，虽然，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序。通常如果从句中有形容词或名词作表语，则把表语置于句首，而且名词前要省略冠词；如果从句中有修饰动词的副词，则将该副词置于句首；如果从句中有情态动词，则将情态动词后的动词原形置于句首。此用法与though的倒装完全一致。(al
14、though无此用法)Much as I admire his courage, I dont think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。Strong as you maybe, you cannot lift it. 虽然你可能很有力气，你却无法把它提起来。Child as he is, he is very brave.尽管他还是个孩子，但是他很勇敢。1._， his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. A. Strange as might it soundB. As
15、it might sound strangeC. As strange it might soundD. Strange as it might sound2._， Carolina couldnt get the door open. A. Try as she mightB. As she might tryC. She might as try D. Might she as try【参考答案】1.D 2.A 【答案解析】分析句子结构可知，以上两题都是有as引导的让步状语从句，因此要要倒装语序。4. while引导的让步状语从句while虽然，尽管，多用于正式文体，且多位于句首，相当于a
16、lthough。While I understand your point of view, I do not share it. 我虽了解你的观点，但不敢苟同。While I sympathize, I really cant do very much to help. 虽然我很同情，但我确实帮不了什么忙。（2016浙江卷单项填空）_ online shopping has changed our life, not all of its effects have been positive.A. SinceB. AfterC. WhileD. Unless【参考答案】C【答案解析】句意：尽
17、管网上购物已经改变了我们的生活，但不是所有的影响都是积极的。while引导让步状语从句，意为尽管，虽然；since既然，自从；after在之后；unless除非。故选C。5. 疑问词-ever与no matter+疑问词引导的让步状语从句（1）whatever/no matter what引导的让步状语从句whatever和no matter what用法相同，都作无论什么解，后者多用于非正式文体。Whatever/No matter what he says, dont go. 不管他说什么，你都不要走。We are determined to fulfill the task, whate
18、ver/no matter what happens. 不管发生什么，我们决心完成这项任务。（2） whichever/no matter which引导的让步状语从句whichever和no matter which用法相同，都作无论哪个解，后者多用于非正式文体。Whichever/No matter which you buy, there is a six-month guarantee. 不论你买哪个，都有六个月的保修期。Whichever/No matter which of the two men had stolen her purse, Barbara was determin
19、ed to find them. 不管是这两个人中的谁偷了她的钱包，芭芭拉都决心找到他们。（3）whoever/no matter who引导的让步状语从句whoever和no matter who用法相同，都作无论谁解，后者多用于非正式文体。You cant come in, whoever you are. 不管你是谁，都不能进来。Whoever/No matter who wants to speak to me on the phone, tell him Im busy. 不管谁要我接电话，就说我现在正忙着呢。（4） wherever/no matter where引导的让步状语从句
20、wherever和no matter where用法相同，都作无论在（或到）哪里解，后者多用于非正式文体。Wherever/No matter where you go, Im right here waiting for you. 无论你到哪里，我都依然在这里等着你。 （5）however/no matter how引导的让步状语从句however和no matter how用法相同，都作无论如何解，后者多用于非正式文体。However much you regret doing that, there is nothing you can do about it now. 无论你可能多么懊
21、悔你曾经做过的事，现在也无济于事了。However high it may be, it cant reach the sky. 它不论有多高，也高不到天上去。（6） whenever/no matter when引导的让步状语从句whenever和no matter when用法相同，都作无论何时解，后者多用于非正式文体。Whenever Im unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么时候我不高兴，他都给我鼓劲儿。 1._， I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.A. However
22、 the story is amusingB. No matter amusing the story isC. However amusing the story isD. No matter how the story is amusing【参考答案】C【答案解析】句意：无论故事多么有趣，这个星期我都得把它放起来而专注学习。分析句子结构及选项可知，此处应是however引导的让步状语从句。选项中no matter how所引导的状语从句语序不正确。故选C。2. You should try to get a good nights sleep _much work you have to
23、do. A. howeverB. no matterC. althoughD. whatever【参考答案】A【答案解析】句意：无论有多么多的工作要做，你都应该晚上睡好。分析句子结构可知，_much work you have to do是让步状语从句，此处表示多么，且修饰形容词much应用however。故选A。6. (no matter) whether.or引导的让步状语从句由这一个复合连词引导的让步状语从句旨在说明正反两个方面的可能性都不会影响主句的意向或结果。如：Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.
24、 不管你忙不忙，都要参加这个典礼。Whether you believe it or not, its true.无论你是否相信，这都是真的。 Dad, Ive finished my assignment. Good, and _you play or watch TV, you mustnt disturb me. A. whenever B. whetherC. whateverD. no matter【参考答案】B 【答案解析】句意：爸爸，我的作业完成了。好，无论你玩耍还是看电视，都不能打扰我。根据语境可知，此处是whetheror引导的让步状语从句。故选B。考向五、原因状语从句原因状
25、语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as , now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。1. because引导的原因状语从句 because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由，着重点在从句，其所引导的从句，为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句，语气最强，除特别强调外，该从句一般位于主句后面。I didnt go abroad with her because I couldnt afford it.我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。Dont scamp your
26、work because you are pressed for time.不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。I wonder whether his hearing is okay _ he has turned the television up very loud.A. unlessB. althoughC. untilD. because【答案】 D【解析】句意：我想知道他的听力是否还好，因为他把电视的声音开得很大。A. unless除非；B. although虽然；C. until直到；D. because因为。结合句意可知选D。2. as引导的原因状语从句 as引导的原因状语从句所引出的
27、理由在说话人开来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调，从句多位于主句之前，通常可以和since换用，as语气稍弱。As I didnt know the way，I asked a policeman.我不认识路，因而问警察。As it is snowing, we shall not climb the mountain.由于在下雪，我们不去爬山了。1._ you werent there, I left a message.A.AsB.WhenC.ThoughD.For【答案】 A 【解析】句意：因为你不在那儿，所以我给你留言了。此处应用as引导原因状语从句，故选A。when引导时间
28、状语从句；though引导让步状语从句；for用作并列连词表原因时不能位于句首。2. When my father goes somewhere, he always goes along with my mother, _ he doesnt like going alone.A.thoughB.asC.whileD.even if【答案】B 【解析】句意：我爸爸去一些地方时总是和我妈妈一起，因为他不喜欢一个人去。此处用as引导原因状语从句。though尽管；while当时；even if尽管。3. since引导的原因状语从句since表示人们已知的事实，不许强调的原因，故常译为“既然”，
29、通常位于主句前。since从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容，相当于now that。Since traveling by air is much faster, they decided to take a plane.既然乘飞机旅行快得多，他们就决定坐飞机。Since you wont help me，Ill ask someone else.你既然不帮我，那我就请别人帮忙。Mark needs to learn Chinese _his company is opening a branch in Beijing.A. unless B. until C. although D. sinc
30、e【答案】D【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。his company is opening a branch in Beijing是学习汉语的原因。unless除非；until直到为止；although尽管；since由于，自从。在句中since是“由于”的意思。句意：马克需要学习汉语，因为他的公司要在北京开分公司。4. now(that)引导的原因状语从句now(that)“因为；既然”，通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去，用来表示一种新的情况，再加以推论。Now(that) youve passed your test you can drive on your own.你既已考试合
31、格，就可以独自开车了。I do remember，now (that) you mention it.你这一提，我倒的确想起来了。_the term has come to an end, I am going to take a trip for relaxation.A. Now that B. Even ifC.As though D. So that【答案】A【解析】句意：既然这个学期已经结束了，我打算去旅行放松一下。now that既然，引导原因状语从句，符合句意。5. seeing (that)引导的原因状语从句seeing (that)“鉴于；由于”，通常用于非正式文体。Seei
32、ng (that) the weather is bad，well stay at home.天气不好，我们还是呆在家里吧。6. in that引导的原因状语从句in that“因为；基于的理由”，可以和because换用，多用于正式文体，它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。Advertisement is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the message to be delivered. 广告不同于其他交际形式，因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费。Im
33、in a slightly awkward position, in that hes not arriving until 10th.我的处境有点难堪，因为他要十号才来。 The Chinese language _Western languages _, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or ideas.A. differs from; in which B. is different from; in thatC. differs from; in what D. is d
34、ifferent from; in where【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语和连词。表示“与不同”可以用differ from或be different from；in that是固定连词，引导原因状语从句，表示“由于，因为”，故选B项。题组一 基础过关单句改错下列各句均有一-处错误， 请标出并改正。1. Take a taxi in case you will be late for the meeting.2. The young soldier was taken to the hospital because of he had been wounded seriously on th
35、e battle-field.3. Since that everybody is here, lets start our class.4. It is a long time after I saw you last time.5. The light went out while we are having supper.6. Still not a top student although I am now, I have found myself filled with great confidence to face any difficulty and challenge.7.
36、I believe you will have a wonderful time here if you got to know everyone else.8. We need to get to the root of the problem after we can solve it.9. Today, we will begin we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.10. My parents dont mind what job l do as far as l am happy.题组二 能力提升1（2020全
37、国高三）He smiled politely Mary apologized for her drunken friends.AasBifCunlessDthough2（2020全国高三）You can phone your friend at work _ you dont make a habit of it.Aas ifBeven thoughCas long asDin case3（2020全国高三）Some pressure is good for you _ it can help you try harder.Aunless BalthoughCbefore Das4（2020全
38、国高三）_ birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.AOnceBIfCAlthoughDBecause5（2020全国高三）Have you got the results of the final exam?Not yet. Im afraid it will be a few days we know the final results.AbeforeBafterCuntilDwhen6（2020全国高三）_ the sales figure of the new
39、range of products is relatively small, the potential market is large.AUnlessBAfterCSinceDWhile7（2020全国高三） Why didnt you try to finish the composition? I tried to, but _ I could, the bell ran announcing the end of the examination.AuntilBwhenCafterDbefore8（2020全国高三）Tom is so independent that he never
40、asks his parents opinion _ he wants their support.AsinceBonceCunlessDafter9（2020江苏高一期中）So long as you do what you can, no one will blame you _ you might fail in the future.Aas though Bin caseCnow that Deven if10（2020七台河市第一中学高一期末）Located _ the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the
41、Belt and Road construction.AwhyBwhenCwhichDwhere11（2020七台河市第一中学高二期末）Incredible _ it was, it was true.AalthoughBthoughCeven thoughDdespite12（2020七台河市第一中学高二期末）_ my heart still beats, I will go on working for the people.AAs soon asBAs far asCAs long asDAs much as13（2020乌鲁木齐市第四中学高一期末） When did you go to
42、 bed last night? I didnt go to bed my father got home.Awhile Bafter Cwhen Duntil14（2020黑龙江哈尔滨三中高二期末）He felt a sense of relief _ he got his medical examination report.Aas long asBso thatCthe momentDas if【答案】C15（2020黑龙江牡丹江一中高二期末）_, he is famous for writing blogs.AAs he is a teacherBA teacher as he isC
43、Teacher although he isDTeacher as he is16（2020黑龙江牡丹江一中高二期末）He was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the West Lake_he went to Hangzhou.Aat the first timeBthe first timeCfor the first timeDat the first time when17（2020北京高一期中）_I saw him, I knew he was the man the police were looking for.AThe place
44、BThe weekCThe dayDThe instant18（2020北京高一期中）In boxing, players should wear gloves and mouth guards _ anything dangerous happens.Ain vainBin a wordCin debtDin case19（2020江苏高二期末）_ never easy, innovation is absolutely possible with adequate training and continuous practice.AWhenBAsCSinceDWhile20（2018湖南高二期末）_ excuse you have, you should apologize for not having finished the task in time.AWhereverBWhateverCWheneverDHowever21（2018湖南高一期末）_the phone call, the construction site is crowded with workers full of joy and excitement.AOn receivingBAs soon as receivingCThe Moment he received