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1、Section Listening and Speaking &Reading and ThinkingLanguage Points1mental adj.精神的；思想的mentally adv.精神地；思想地2intelligent adj.有智慧的；聪明的；有智力的intelligence n智力；智慧；才智3universe n宇宙；天地万物universal adj.普遍的；全体的；全世界的universally adv.全体地，一致地4determine vt.查明；确定；决定determined adj.意志坚定的；有决心的determination n决心；果断5agencyn
2、.(政府的)专门机构；服务机构；代理处agent n代理人；经纪人6transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送transmission n传送；传递；发送；发射transmitter n发射机；发射台；传播者，传输者7disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的disappoint vt.使失望；使沮丧disappointment n失望；沮丧8desire n渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望desirable adj.合意的；可取的；值得拥有的9independent adj.独立的；自立的independently adv.独立地；自立地1launch vt.&n.发射；发起；上市The e
3、nemy launched an attack again.发起The new model will be launched in July.上市China will launch another satellite into space.发射The official launch date is in May.上市，发行2orbit n(环绕地球、太阳等运行的)轨道；势力范围vt.&vi.沿轨道运行；环绕运行A new satellite has been put into orbit around the earth.轨道You should come within his orbit.势
4、力范围The earth take a year to orbit the sun.环绕运行3signal vt.&vi标志者；标明；发信号n.信号；标志At an agreed signal they left the room.信号Dont fire until I signal.发信号The announcement signalled a clear change of policy.标明Words And Phrases知识要点1determined adj.有决心的；意志坚定的(教材P40)However，some scientists were determined to hel
5、p humans realise their dream to explore space.然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想。例1She was determined to lose weight successfully this time.这一次，她下定决心一定要减肥成功。例2His father made a determined effort to quit smoking.他爸爸戒烟是意志坚定的。造句(2015福建卷)决心努力学习后，他在墙上挖了洞从邻居家“偷”光以便晚上读书。Determined to study hard，he bored a hole in th
6、e wall to “steal” light from his neighbor to read at night.知识拓展(1)determine从句决定determine to do sth. 决定做某事(强调动作)determine on/upon(doing) sth.就(做)某事做出决定(2)determined adj. 有决心的；坚决的be determined to do sth. 决心做某事(强调状态)(3)determination n. 决心提示be determined(not) to do sth.表示状态，是一种延续状态，可以与表示一段时间的状语连用，而deter
7、mine to do sth.表示动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。类似用法的单词还有，即学即练单句语法填空She determined to work(work) twice as hard as before to make up for the lost time.I have determined on/upon working as a volunteer teacher in the countryside after graduation.With determination(determine)，Im sure I can overcome whatever hardships
8、and dangers I may meet with.The determined(determine) look in their eyes told us that nothing could make them change their minds.小片段助记He has been determined to learn English well.So he determined on/upon reading English every morning with this great determination.Im sure he will succeed in learning
9、it well one day.知识要点2transmit vt.&vi.传输；发送(教材P40).and it still transmits data today时至今日它仍然能传送数据。例1The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over 50 countries.典礼通过卫星向50多个国家进行了实况转播。例2We can receive the signals transmitted from a satellite in space.我们可以接收通过太空的卫星传送的信号。造句为什么我们要把数据传到学校的电脑中？Why do
10、we have to transmit the data to the computer of our school?知识拓展(1)transmit sth.(from).to 把某物(从)传到(2)transmitter n. 发射台；传播者(3)transmission n. 传播；发射即学即练单句语法填空The message was transmitted from a radio station to audience.Its generally believed that school are transmitters(transmitter) or moral values.Th
11、e transmission(transmit) of the disease has been controlled now.知识要点3disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的(教材P41)These disasters make everyone sad and disappointed.这些灾难让每个人感到伤心和失望例1She was deeply disappointed at losing the race.比赛输了，她很沮丧。例2These jobs didnt pay well，and the people felt lonely and disappointed at
12、their new life in the city. 这些工作报酬不高，而且人们感到孤独，对城市的新生活感到失望。造句这部影片被吹捧为杰作，可是我觉得令人失望。The film was built up to be a masterpiece，but I found it very disappointing.知识拓展(1)be disappointed about/at/in.对感到失望be disappointed to do sth. 做某事失望be disappointed that. 感到失望(2)disappointing adj. 令人失望的disappoint sb. 使某人
13、失望to ones disappointment 令某人失望的是即学即练单句语法填空The next day，we got a disappointing(disappoint) message that another buyer had offered a much higher price.There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)To my great disappointment(disappoint)，
14、the council refused to consider my proposal.小片段助记Much to my disappointment，he was also disappointed at the disappointing news that he was refused by the company.知识要点4desire n渴望；欲望vt.渴望；期望(教材P41).but the desire to explore the universe never died.但是(人们)探索宇宙的渴望从未泯灭。例1Even so，she impressed the world wit
15、h her courage and strong desire to succeed.即使如此，她的勇气和对成功的强烈渴望令世人印象深刻。例2I desire that these letters should be burned after I leave.我期望我走了以后把这些信件都烧掉。造句他总是强烈渴望着学习飞行。He always had a strong desire to learn how to fly.知识拓展(1)have a strong desire(2)desire to do sth.渴望做某事desire sb.to do sth. 想要某人做某事desire t
16、hat.(should) do sth.渴望(3)desirable adj. 想要的；可取的；值得拥有的提示desire不用于进行时态。意为“期望”时，后接宾语从句，宾语从句中的谓语动词用“should动词原形”，should可以省略。另外，含desire的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。即学即练单句语法填空We always desire to live(live) in peace with all the other countries in the world.She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go
17、to college very much.He had a strong desire to free(free) her family from trouble.She had a strong desire for fame.小片段助记He has a strong desire to get his desirable things，he also desired that his son be admitted by a key university，so he desired his son to work hard at school.知识要点5carry on继续做，坚持干(教材
18、P41)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为人们仍然坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。例1Why not study at medical college like Lin Qiaozhi and carry on her good work?为什么不像林巧稚那样去读医学院，继续她的伟大事业呢？例2Dont stop.Please carry on.别停。请继续。例3She threw the ball b
19、ack to the boy and then carried on reading her book.她把球扔回给男孩，然后继续看她的书。例4Can you carry on with your work while I am away？我不在的时候你能继续干你的活吗？造句他离开后，我只管尽力像往常一样继续干。After he left I just tried to carry on as usual.尽管条件极其困难，我们仍必须坚持下去，直到成功。We must carry on till success in spite of the extremely difficult condi
20、tions.知识拓展carry on with.继续carry on a conversation继续对话carry out完成；实行；执行carry out the plan实施计划carry out an experiment做试验carry through帮渡过(难关等)即学即练单句语法填空If you carry on working(work) like that，you will break down sooner or later.I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry on a convers
21、ation with her.They carry on with their experiment despite strong opposition.小片段助记You should carry out the order and carry on with the task until it is carried through.知识要点6on board在宇宙飞船上；在船上；在飞机上(教材P41)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board.它绕地球运行，上面搭乘着不同国家的宇航员例1Have a
22、ll the passengers gone on board yet?所有乘客都登机了吗？ 例2They have gone on board.他们已经上船了。造句飞机上所有的参观者都被要求出示护照。All the visitors on board were asked to show their passports.知识拓展(1)board vt.&vi.上船/车/飞机等(2)aboard adv.&prep.上船/飞机/车；在船/飞机/车上go aboard the ship/the plane/the trainboard the ship/the plane/the train上船
23、/飞机/火车等(3)abroad adj.国外的go abroad出国home and abroad国内外即学即练单句语法填空That afternoon aboard the train，the cousins settled down in their seats.Please board the train immediately.Please go aboard the train right away.Please pay attention to the news from home and abroad知识要点7independently adv.独立地；自立地(教材P41)Ch
24、ina became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003.在2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立把人类送入太空的国家例1The two departments work independently of each other.这两个部门独立运作。例2It was the first time that he had lived independently.那是她第一次独立生活。造句警方应该不受政府的直接控制。The police force should be indepe
25、ndent of direct government control.知识拓展(1)be independent of独立于；不受约束(2)independence n.独立；自主gain independence(from)(脱离)获得独立(3)dependent adj.依靠的，依赖的be dependent on依靠，依赖depend on(rely on)依靠，依赖即学即练单句语法填空The country gained full independence from Britain in 1960，when people couldnt hide their excitement.As
26、 the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time when he should be able to be independent(depend)When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.知识要点8signal vt.&vi.标志着；标明；发信号n.信号；标志(教材P41)This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space stati
27、on in the future.这标志着中国未来建立空间站的计划又前进了一步。例1As soon as it was dark，Mrs Evans gave the signal.天一黑，埃文斯夫人就发出了信号。例2You mustnt fire without my signal.没有我的信号不许开枪。造句为了不让别人听到自己的声音，她竖起手指示意有人正在楼上走动。In order not to be heard，she pointed her finger upwards to signal that someone was moving about upstairs.知识拓展(1)si
28、gnal to sb.to do sth.示意某人做某事signal (to sb.) that. 示意(某人)(2)a traffic signal 交通信号send out a signal 发出信号明辨异同signal/symbol/sign/marksignal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号symbol指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物sign普通用词，指人们公认的事物的标志，也可指某种情况的征兆mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征即学即练单句语法填空As soon as he sat down at the table,
29、 he signalled to the waiter to bring the menu.The policeman signalled the driver to stop(stop) his car by raising his hand.He stood up，signalling(signal) to the police officer that he had finished talking with his client.小片段助记Something was wrong with the traffic signal in the street，so the policeman
30、 signalled to the pedestrians to come cross the street.He stood there with his right hand raised，signalling to us to stop.Sentence Patterns重点句式1不定式作后置定语(教材P40).on 12 April 1961，Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.在1961年4月12日，尤里加加林成为世界上进入太空的第一人。句式分析：to go into space 是不定
31、式作后置定语，修饰the first person。例1She was the first athlete to win the gold medal in the 29th Olympic Games.她是在第29届奥运会上第一位获得金牌的运动员。例2The first person to arrive was Tony Garcia from Colombia，closely followed by Julia Smith from Britain.第一个到达的是从哥伦比亚来的托尼加西亚，随后紧跟着的是英国的朱莉娅史密斯。 知识拓展(1)当中心词是序数词或被序数词、形容词最高级、the n
32、ext，the only，the last等修饰时，常用不定式作后置定语。(2)动词不定式作定语用来修饰的词是抽象名词，常见的有：ability，chance，ambition，offer，anxiety，answer，reply，attempt，belief等。造句他是一个总是吃苦在前、享乐在后的人。He is always the first to bear hardships and the last to enjoy comforts.远处的村子里没有信号，所有联系你的尝试也失败了。There was no signal in that faraway village and all
33、my attempts to contract you failed.即学即练单句语法填空He is always the first to come(come) and the last to leave(leave)She was the first woman to win(win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games.Thank you for giving me the chance to make(make) the speech.重点句式2This is because.句型(教材P41)This is because people belie
34、ve in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks.这是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。句式分析：此句为主从复合句，because引导表语从句，句式结构为This/That was/is because.例1This is because in the early days of radio，those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.这是因为在早期的电台节目里，人们期望新闻播音员所
35、说的英语是最好的英语。例2He was late for school.This was because his bike was broken.他上学迟到是因为自行车坏了。造句他没有赶上早班车，那是因为他今天早上起晚了。He missed the first bus and that was because he got up late this morning.知识拓展(1)This/That is because.意为“这/那是因为”，用来表示原因(2)This/That is why.意为“这/那是为什么”，用来表示结果(3)The reason why.is that.意为“的原因就
36、是”，why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句即学即练(1)单句语法填空He did not see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.The reason why we have to study computer is that it becomes more and more useful in our daily life.He and I have worked together for a couple of years；thats why
37、I know him pretty well.(2)完成句子他失望的原因是他考试失败。The reason why he was disappointed was that he failed in the exam.他起晚了，这就是他为什么没赶上第一班车的原因。He got up late，and this is why he missed the first bus this morning.重点句式3not only.but also句型(教材P41)Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not
38、only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源，而且帮助我们更好地进入未来。句式分析：not only.but also.用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分，着重强调后者，其意为“不仅而且”；其中的also有时可以省略。例1He works not only on weekdays but also on weekends as well.他不仅平时工作，周末也工作。例2Franklin
39、 was considered not only an inventor，but also a statesman.富兰克林不仅被看作发明家而且也是一名政治家。造句太阳不仅给我们光还给我们热。Not only does the sun give us light but it also gives us heat.知识拓展not only.but also.结构表示“不但/仅而且”，通常可以连接两个并列的谓语、宾语、表语、状语等，还可以连接两个并列的句子(1)not only A but also BB as well as A(2)not only.but also.连接两个分句时，若not
40、 only位于句首，not only所在的分句要部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装(3)not only.but also.连接并列主语时，遵守“就近原则”(4)not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略即学即练(1)单句语法填空To achieve“Chinese dream” will benefit not only Chinese people but also people across the world.Not only did we forget to turn off the light in the kitchen，but w
41、e also failed to lock the front door.Not only the children but also their coach likes(like) playing football.(2)完成句子古典名著不仅带给你快乐和刺激，还鼓励你批判性地思考。Classic works not only offer you joy and excitement，but also encourage you to think critically.观测未来主题公园不仅仅适合个人(旅游)，也适合学生全班出游，因为它是娱乐与学习的完美结合。Futuroscope is not
42、 only for individuals，but is also the perfect mix of fun and learning for class outings.1After many experiments，they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity.分析本句为复合句，after引导的短语作时间状语，that引导的定语从句修饰先行词rockets。译文经过多次实验之后，他们成功地造出了能够逃脱地球引力的火箭。2China became the third country in the wor
43、ld to independently send humans into space in 2003，when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in Shenzhou 5 spacecraft.分析本句为复合句，when引导一个非限制性定语从句，对2003年进行补充说明，to independently send humans into space是不定式作后置定语修饰country。译文 在2003年，中国成为世界上第三个独立把人类送入太空的国家，当时杨利伟乘着神舟五号宇宙飞船成功地进行了绕地飞行。3Despite the difficulties
44、，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.分析本句为复合句。hope后跟一个宾语从句，从句中两个动词enable和help由not only.but also连接起来；另外how又引导一个宾语从句作understand的宾语。译文尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能够使我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还帮助我们更好地走向未来。教材高考1.and it st
45、ill transmits data today.(2019全国卷)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common.2.Despite the difficulties，scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began，but also help us survive well into the future.(2019全国卷)Not only is likability related t
46、o positive life outcomes，but it is also responsible for those outcomes，too.3.Listen to two interviews with astronauts and learn to talk about astronauts life in space.(2019全国卷)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts.4.Space：The Final Frontier(2019全国卷)Space：the Final Homework Frontier5.It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board.(2019全国卷)Imagin