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1、Unit 1 People of AchievementSection 单元要点复习.重点单词1crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的crucial factor/ issue/decision关键性的因素/问题/决定be crucial to/for sth.对至关重要be crucial that. 是极其重要的2vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的be vital to/for sth.对极为重要的It is vital to do sth.做很重要It is vital that.是十分重要的3commit vt.承诺；保证(某个人、机构等)vi.忠于；全心全意
2、投入(工作、活动等)commit v犯(罪或错等)；承诺，保证commit sb./sth.to sth.将某人/事交给某处保留commit sb./oneself to sth./doing sth./to do sth.承诺(做)某事commitment n. 承诺；交托；信奉committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的committee n委员会4evaluate vt.评价；评估5distinct adj.清晰的；清楚的；有区别的distinction n差别；区分；卓著6boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开n沸腾；沸点boiling water 沸水(即处于10
3、0的开水)boiled water 白开水(烧开过的水)7obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行obtain advice/information/promise得到忠告/信息/应许obtainable adj.可获得的；可得到的8acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢acknowledge doing sth.承认做了某事It is universally acknowledged that.是大家公认的acknowledge oneself beaten承认失败acknowledge sb.向某人打招呼，问候acknowled
4、ge sb.s letter向某人表示信已收到acknowledge sb./sth.to be.承认某人/某物是；认为是acknowledge that承认acknowledge sb.as.accept sb.as认为/接受某人是/成为acknowledge sb.with sth.以感谢某人acknowledgement n承认；感谢9defeat n失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜10analyse vt.分析anslysis n分析。它的复数形式是analyses。analysable adj.可分析的；可分解的11apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然apparent adj
5、.显而易见的；明白易懂的；显然的；表面上的12insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求insist on sth.坚决要求某事；坚持说某事insist on/upon doing sth.坚持要做某事insist on/upon ones doing sth.坚持要求某人做某事13conclusion n结论；推论make a conclusion下结论come to/draw/arrive at/reach a/the conclusion得出结论in conclusion(to conclude)最后，总之(常作插入语)jump/leap to conclusions/the conc
6、lusion that.匆忙下结论，贸然断定conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出conclude (sth.)以结束()conclude(从)推断出/断定conclude.(to be).断定(是)14flee vi.& vt.(fled，fled)迅速离开；逃跑15circumstance nusually pl.条件；环境；状况in/under the circumstances 在这种情况下，既然如此in/under no circumstances 决不，无论如何都不(置于句首时，句子部分倒装)16found vt.创建；建立；把建立在be founded on/upon s
7、th.(be based on)建立在某基础之上；建在某物之上founder n. C 创立者；奠基者foundation n. C，U基础；建立17theory n理论；学说in theory (反 in practice) 理论上18gentle adj.温柔的；文静的19gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的20consequence n结果；后果因此，结果(as a result)as a/in consequence ofas a result of由于take the consequences of.承担的后果be of no/great
8、 consequence 无关紧要/非常重要consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv.结果；因此21remarkable adj.非凡的；显著的a remarkable achievement/career/talent非凡的成就/事业/才能remark n谈论；言论；评述vt.& vi.谈论；评论；说起make a remark/ remarks on/ about就发表意见；对评头品足make no remark什么也不说；不加评论remark that.评论remark on/upon谈论/评论remarkably adv.非常；极为；格外；出
9、乎意料地.重点短语1pay attention to注意give/pay attention to doing.注意catch/attract ones attention 引起某人的注意bring sth.to ones attention 使某人注意某事(物)draw/call ones attention to sth.使某人注意某事(物)fix ones attention on sth.把某人的注意力集中在某事(物)上2lead to导致；造成(后果)导致/造成某人做某事3with the objective of以为目的the main/primary/principle obje
10、ctive主要/首要/重要目标meet/achieve your objective实现你的目标set objectives设立目标with the hope of怀有的希望with the purpose of怀有的目的with the aim of怀有的目的with the intention of有的意向4get stuck卡住；陷入；被难住get lost 迷路get punished 受惩罚get divorced 离婚get washed 洗脸get separated 被分开get paid 得到报酬get dressed 穿衣服get married 结婚get engaged
11、 订婚get drunk 喝醉5by chance 碰巧；凑巧take a chance 冒险take ones chances 碰运气6other than除以外rather than意为“而不是，而没有”，侧重客观上的差别，还可以表示“与其，倒不如”，前后两端所连的词性是一致的，侧重句子主语或说话人主观上的选择。句中rather than前后一般应为名词、代词、动名词、形容词、谓语动词、动词不定式、介词短语，甚至分句等，有时可用介词短语instead of替代。7change ones mind 改变主意make up ones mind下决心lose ones mind发疯keep st
12、h.in mind记住某事to my mind在我看来bring/call sth.to mind回想起某事never mind没关系8care about 关心；忧虑；惦念；在意care fortake care of 照顾care to do sth.愿意做某事；想要做某事take care 注意；当心with care 当心；仔细地9serve as充当，担任10manage to do设法做成manage it表示“完成；能对付得了；能应付”，常用在交际用语中。11come to power 当权；上台be in power 当权；执政12take up开始从事；占用；花去take b
13、ack收回；取回take down写下，记下；拆散take in吸收；领会；欺骗take off脱下；起飞take on雇用；呈现；承担take over接管，接任13be mistaken for被错认为mistaken adj.(见解或判断上)错误的；不正确的be mistaken about.对持错误的见解mistake sb./sth.误解/误会某人/某事mistake n错误make a mistake犯错误by mistake错误地14sum up总结；概括；判断；估量sum n金额；总和；全部in sum总而言之summary n总结；概要summarize vt.总结；概括；概
14、述15apart from 除之外(还有)16to ones surprise 使某人惊讶的是much to ones surprise令某人十分惊讶to ones delight/joy使某人高兴的是to ones disappointment使某人失望的是to ones astonishment使某人惊讶的是17put forward提出；拨快；将提前；推荐put up with忍受，容忍put aside搁置；不理睬；储蓄put away把收起来；储蓄put off推迟，延期put through使经受；接通(电话)put out熄灭；出版；生产put back将放回原处；推迟put t
15、ogether放在一起put up举起；张贴；建造；为提供住宿；推荐；提出18in particular 尤其，特别particular adj.特别的，特殊的；讲究的，挑剔的be particular about/over对挑剔/讲究.重点句型1Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is_thought_to_save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的关键，人们认为青蒿素每年仅在非洲就能救十万人。be thought to d
16、o sth.被认为，该句型可以转化为It is/was thought that.。本句可以转化为：Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and it is thought that Artemisinin saves 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone.。2In 1967, the Chinese government formed a team of scientists with_the_objective of discovering a new trea
17、tment for malaria, and Tu Youyou was among the first researchers chosen.1967年，中国政府组建了一支以探索治疗疟疾新方法为目的的科学家队伍，屠呦呦是其中首批入选的研究人员。(1)这是一个由and连接而成的并列复合句。介词短语with the objective.作第一个分句的状语，表示目的。短语中的objective也可用aim、purpose、goal等替换。(2)第二个分句中chosen是过去分词用作定语，修饰the first researchers。过去分词(短语)作定语的用法：3Upon_hearing tha
18、t she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said.当听到自己被授予诺贝尔奖时，她说在本句中，“介词upon动词ing形式”构成介词短语，用作时间状语。upon还可换为介词on，表示一件事紧接着另一件事而发生。这种用法常见于正式的文体，依据语境，可译作“在的时候；当时；一就”。4It_struck_him_that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what_was_happening to their fellow countrymen.令他震惊的是，
19、照片中的其他中国人显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。(1)在本句中，It 是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。it作形式主语的常见句型：It is名词(a fact，a good idea, a pity, a shame, no wonder)主语从句It is形容词(necessary, clear, strange, important, wonderful) 主语从句It不及物动词(happens，doesnt matter，occurs to sb.)主语从句It is过去分词(reported，hoped，thought，said，expected，believed)主语从句(2
20、) 本句中“It struck him that”表示“他突然感到(觉得)”。struck可用hit /occured to替换。(3)句中what was happening to their fellow countrymen是what引导的名词性从句，作介词about的宾语。what引导的名词性从句有主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句等，在从句中可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。5From this, he concluded that the crucial problem in China was not physical illness, but the spiritual ill
21、ness of people at that time.由此，他得出结论，那时中国的关键问题不是身体疾病，而是人们的精神疾病。not.but.意为“不是而是”，可用于连接并列的名词、代词、形容词、副词、介宾短语或分句等。not.but.连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”，即谓语与 but 后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。用法类似的结构还有 either.or., neither.nor., not only.but (also)., there be 句型等。6Why dose Dr Wang say “money_isnt_everything”？为什么王博士说“金钱不是万能的
22、”？not everything是一个部分否定句。表示“全体”意义的代词、形容词或副词，如all, both, every, everything, everyone, everywhere, always等与否定词not连用构成部分否定。表示完全否定意义的词与肯定形式的谓语动词连用时，表示完全否定。该类词有none, neither, nothing, nobody, no等。7He made numerous contributions to the world, the_most_wellknown_being the general theory of relativity and t
23、he famous formula Emc2.他对世界做出了很多贡献，最出名的贡献是相对论理论和著名的公式Emc2。the most wellknown being属于“名词现在分词”构成的独立主格结构。独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句，常用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等。独立主格结构形式归纳：名词/代词 现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)名词/代词 过去分词(表示被动或已完成)名词/代词 不定式(表示将要发生的动作)名词/代词 形容词/副词/介词短语(常用来说明名词或代词的性质、特征或所处的状态)8While_working_there，out of a strong passion for
24、 knowledge, he continued to study, earning a doctorate in physics in 1905.在那里工作时，出于对知识的强烈热情，他继续学习，1905年获得物理学博士学位。句中时间状语从句While working there用了省略形式，补充完整为While he was working there。状语从句的省略有两种情况：9Einstein, who was Jewish, found_the_doors of academic institutions closed to him.爱因斯坦是犹太人，他发现学术机构的大门对他关闭了。本
25、句是复合句。who was Jewish是非限制性定语从句。 主句中found接复合宾语，宾语是doors，宾语补足语是closed。宾语补足语和宾语之间构成被动关系，故此处使用过去分词。“find宾语宾补”结构的具体形式：10On 18 April 1955, it_was_reported_that Einstein had passed away, and the whole world mourned the great loss of a brilliant scientist.1955年4月18日，据报道爱因斯坦去世了，全世界都为一位杰出的科学家的逝世而哀悼。“It is/was
26、said/reported/believed/known/thought.thatclause”句型意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周知/人们认为”，此句型中it是形式主语，后面的that从句是真正的主语。以上这种句型可以转换成下面的两种句型：写作技巧点拨描述一位你钦佩的人请你根据提示，用英语写一篇关于著名科学家钱学森的简介。钱学森，1911年生于上海，1935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯卡门(Von Karman)的赞誉；1938年在美国获航空、数学博士学位；1950年获悉新中国成立的消息，克服了美国政府的百般阻挠，于1955年回到祖国；从1958年起长期担任航空航天研究工
27、作，为新中国的航天事业做出了巨大的贡献，被誉为“新中国航天之父”；2009年于北京去世。参考词汇：航空航天科学技术aerospace science and technology_一、构思谋篇1时态：过去时为主。2人称：第三人称。3结构：首先介绍其基本信息；其次介绍其主要事迹；最后作出评价。二、关键词语1be regarded as被认为是2be born in生于 3go to America for further study赴美留学 4be highly thought of受到赞誉 5be devoted to全身心地投入到 6contribute a lot to做出巨大贡献 7be
28、cause of/as a result of由于 8receive the respect and admiration from受到热爱和尊敬 三、连词成句1钱学森被认为是中国航天之父。Qian Xusen is regarded as the father of Chinas space program.2钱学森于1911年出生于上海。Qian Xusen was born in 1911 in Shanghai.31935年赴美留学，成绩优异，受到当时的著名科学家冯卡门(Von Karman)的赞誉。In 1935, Qian went to America for further s
29、tudy and was highly thought of by Von Karman because of his great achievements.41950年获悉新中国成立的消息，并于1955年成功回到祖国。In 1950, he heard New China had been founded and succeeded in returning to his homeland in 1955.5由于他对祖国的热爱以及所做出的巨大贡献，钱学森受到了人们的热爱和尊敬。Because of the love for his country and the great achievem
30、ents, he has received the respect and admiration from people.6用过去分词作状语合并句1和句2。Qian Xuesen, regarded as the father of Chinas space program, was born in 1911 in Shanghai.四、连句成篇Qian Xuesen, regarded as the father of Chinas space program, was born in 1911 in Shanghai.In 1935, Qian went to America for fu
31、rther study and was highly thought of by Von Karman because of his great achievements.In 1938, he obtained his doctors degree in aerospace science and mathematics in the US.In 1950, he heard New China had been founded and succeeded in returning to our homeland in 1955 though the American government
32、tried to stop him.Since 1958 he had been devoted to the research into aerospace science and technology and contributed a lot to the cause of Chinas aerospace.In 2009, he passed away in Beijing.Because of the love for his country and the great achievements, he has received the respect and admiration
33、from people.高考写作中的人物写作侧重人物的介绍，可以用第一人称(如写求职信)，也可以用第三人称。时态常常用一般现在时和一般过去时，具体的人称和时态要依据写作的要求来确定。写作过程中要注意以下几个方面的问题：1人物写作通常需要介绍人物的姓名、年龄、外貌、学历、经历、专业、爱好、特长、事迹、性格等多个方面，但英语写作需要严格按照写作要求来写，要包括所给的全部信息点，既不能遗漏，也不能随意添加。2对题目所给的信息要进行适当重组，安排好写作顺序，突出重点信息。重点信息通常是写作的目的所在，比如求职信要重点突出学历、经历，新闻报道要重点突出事迹，介绍自己的老师、朋友要突出他们的特点等。3正确运用描写人物的词汇和句型。4注意运用正确的时态。描写人物的外貌、性格、兴趣等常用一般现在时，而描写人物的出生、教育背景、经历、事迹等常用一般过去时。