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1、第一部分雅思考试应试指导第一章 雅思考试听力应试指导I. 雅思听力考试四大基本要素考生在备考雅思听力的过程中应该注意以下四个方面：语音、词汇、语法和短期记忆。1.语音(1)口音雅思考试的全称是IELTSInternational English Language Testing System (国际英语语言测试练习)。相应 地，雅思听力中有四种口音：英音(60%-70%),澳音(15%-20%),美音(10%-15%)和杂音(5%)。雅思听力中英 音比重很大，各种口音的特点如下：英音与美音最大的区别在于前者大部分元音发音较为靠后，而美音许多元音较靠前。至于具体的区别，有 五个元音非常明显： /
2、a:/ 英音中单A字母的发音在美音中变成了/。例如：after,class,answer,laugh,chance 等。/A 最常见的单词有：hot,possible 等。美国人是如何读boss这个单词的呢?他们会发成bas/ 的音。 /N/ 美音中大部分情况下会把/A/发成/o/ 的音。有人认为美国人是把/A/弱读成了/。 /r/ 英音中er,ar,or,ur 这些字母组合在美音中总是附带着/r/的音。 /ju:/u:/ 英音中super,puma 等都有/j/这个音，但是美国人一般都发成/su:pr/ 和/pu:m/。澳音的特点：开始听着像英音，后面听着像美音，这就是澳音。澳音中有三组音很
3、有特点： /ei/ai/ 澳洲人见面打招呼时经常说：Good day,mate/gud dai mait.Where are you going today,mate? /wee a:u:guin tedai/ 。从上述两个例子可以看出这个明显的特点：把/ei/发成/ai/。 /e/i/ 这是澳音第二个比较明显的特点。Next,we were going to bed./nikst wi:we geuito bid/。这个句 子是一位著名的新西兰人Hilary(第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的人)说的，让人误以为他要冒险登顶。其实，他只是说 要睡觉。 /i/,/e/,/u/ 这三个音，在澳洲人嘴里发出来
4、就像/i:/e/u:/。2关于杂音，主要注意苏格兰口音(1.没有爆破音： Tom-dom;2./r/ 口音；2.qr-tsr)和东南亚口音(1.很平；2.q-d)。不分),爱尔兰口音(1.像美国(2)易混音易混音指的是一些易混的元音或辅音。下面的五组元音和五组辅音是考生应该特别注意的： /i/:/ 这主要是因为许多考生长音发得不够长，短音发得不够短。如：ship,sheep;shit,sheet 。 英美人 在发/i/这个音的时候，就好像没有一样，如：before,behind,listen, 我们一般是听不到这个音的，但是我们在发 /i:/的时候， 一定要用舌尖弹一下齿龈。 /e/ 这两个音
5、混淆的原因是肌肉的惰性使然。尤其是两个音相邻的时候，如： pet,pat;bed,bad 。 其 中前者口型较小，后者口型很大。 /e/ai/;/:/au/ 这两组被混的原因是考生没有很好地掌握双元音的发音规律，把它们发成了单元音。 比如：press,price;smell,smile 和sauce,south 等。考生要注意在发双元音的时候一定要有一个平稳的滑动。 /ia/e/ 这两个双元音非常难以区分，比如：really,rarely。 N/n/r/ 这三个辅音的舌位很接近，第一个也被称为舌边音，舌尖抵住上腭，气流从舌头两边送出； 第二个是鼻辅音，舌头抵住上腭，气流从鼻腔中送出；第三个发音
6、时要将舌尖从口腔上部弯回来。如：light, night,right。 m/n/ 前后鼻音形成气流阻塞的部位不同。前者是用舌头抵住上腭，后者是用会厌软骨挡住气流形 成。如：changing;check in,checking。 N/w/ 这两个辅音也是因为肌肉的惰性造成的。如：wave;vowel;very well。前者需要上牙接触下嘴 唇，后者是一个圆唇音。 /r/3/ 这两个辅音的舌位正好相反。前者舌位在上，后者舌位在下；前者舌头上钩，后者舌头下压。 如：garage;mirror,measure。 /s/1zl1/10/这四个音很多考生分不清楚，前面两个不咬舌，后面两个要咬舌； 一、三
7、两个音是清 辅音，二、四两个是浊辅音。(3)吞音和连读吞音是指两个辅音相连，后者只有口型不会送气；连读通常是指前一个单词结尾是辅音，后一个单词开 始是元音。要注意如下特例：吞音特例1:一般情况下，鼻辅音不会被吞掉，因为“鼻形”做出时，鼻音已经被发出来了。只有在两个相同 的鼻辅音相邻的时候，才会吞掉一个。比如：Take it away from me./teik it awei fro mi:/。吞音特例2:在单词开头，即使有两个辅音，也不会吞音。比如：floor不能读成/V,strong 也不能读成/tr/。吞音特例3:p、b、t、d、k、g这六个音在大部分情况下都要被吞掉。比如：put it
8、 up在这个词组中，两个N 和/p/都要被吞掉。连读时也会有特例，要注意辅音之间的连读。比如：/V加 /j/会发成/ju:/ 的音，这样的情况有Tuesday, wont you等。/d/ 加/会发成/dju/的音，这样的情况有during,would you等。/s/加/会发成/sju/ 的音，这种情况 有suit,advice you等。/z/ 加/j/ 会发成/3/的音，比如：use your head/ju:3u:hed/ 等。元音和元音有时候也会连读。比如： radio会读成/reidiju/,/i/ 和/u/ 中间多出一个/j/。另外blue earring会 发成/blu:wir
9、in/,/u:/ 和/ia/ 之间多了一个/w/的音。如果不注意，这些都会成为我们听力中的障碍。吞音和连读需要在了解规则的基础上在练习时加以注意。2.词 汇词汇是语言中较为基本的元素。听、说、读、写都需要一定量的词汇基础。下面将从三方面介绍一下如何 扩充听力词汇。恢复词汇是一种在短时间内迅速扩充听力词汇的最佳方法。这种方法对“不学英语好多年”的朋友尤其有 效。所谓“恢复词汇”就是指对自认英语水平最高时所用的教材、课本进行复习。因为你当时在那本教材上花的 时间和精力很多，通过短时间的恢复，那些你本已经非常熟悉的单词能够变成你的听力词汇，甚至成为终生词 汇。对于从未间断过的同学也应该通过这种方法进
10、行阶段性的词汇整理。雅思词汇需要的并不是很多，尤其是 听力。有的高中生也能考出8分的高分。 一般高中生的词汇量只有3000多。大一的学生，词汇量应该在5000左 右，而上完大二之后，词汇量应该在7000左右。这样的词汇量足以在听力考试中拿高分了。对于听力来说，应该记忆一些常用词汇，因为听力中的材料一般都是口语，而口语中不会出现太生僻的词。 所以必须熟悉常用词汇，其范围就是四、六级词汇，考生没必要去背那些一辈子只能用一次的GRE词汇。单词记忆的方法各种各样。有的人背字典，有的人用词根词缀，有的人用联想记忆法，但需强调的是两 点：重复和使用。重复是记忆的根，重复七遍才能记忆深刻。使用是记忆的干，有
11、时候偶尔在口语或者作文中使 用一次刚刚记住的单词，那么它将永远与你相伴。3 .语法句法结构和固定搭配是理解句子的关键。请看这个句子： There is no difference but difference of degree between different degree of difference and no difference。每个单词都很简单，但是如果考生不注意句子结构和其 中的nobut,betweenand 两个固定搭配，就极有可能抓不住句子的含义。英语中许多动词都有16种形式，每种形式都有其特定的含义，而这在汉语中是没有的。考生应对每种动词 形式的字面意思及言下之意非常熟
12、悉。比如：完成式强调对现在的影响；现在完成进行式表示该动作会继续进 行下去；过去完成进行式表示此人有这种能力或资历；过去将来完成式表示不可能，也就是虚拟语气。在雅思 听力考试中，考生要特别注意主动与被动形式，而在汉语中，很少使用被动句。3场 景1.住宿2.谈论家乡3.旅游度假4.日常介绍5.新生入学6.图书馆7.选课8.研究9.环境10.授课在阅读时很多考生不怕遇到生词，而怕遇到代词。有时不知道t 到底是指前面的一个词、 一个短语还是一 个句子。听力中有同样的问题，如果不清楚代词指什么,那么代词后面的句子就没有任何意义。请看下面这段 对话：How are you today?I still h
13、ave some problems with my breathing,doctor.Then Fll give you something to stop that.第三句话中的“that”可以指第二句话中的“problems”也可以指“breathing”。如果指前者的话正常。但是 如果指后者的话，这位医生也太狠点了吧。所以考生必须要做到代词的正确还原。4.短期记忆许多考生在练习听力的时候，往往会遇到下面的问题：听完前面一段后，在听后面一段时会忘记前面的内 容；有些更惨，听完后面一句，前面一句就忘记了；最惨的是，听完后面两个单词，前面的单词就忘掉了。而考试 中有一种常见的出题角度，那就是信
14、息前置前面的单词是答案，后面的单词是题干中的定位词。考生要想提高短期记忆，最好的方法就是练习听写。尤其是在听完一个句子之后，靠短期记忆把记得的内 容写出来。 . 雅思听力考试的题型与场景前面论述了雅思听力考试的一些基础性因素，下面对雅思听力考试特定的题型和场景进行剖析，以便考 生掌握雅思听力试题的一般规律。题 型1.表格2.选择3.问答4.完成句子5.地图6.判断改错7.图画8.图例9.搭配 . 雅思听力考试基本题型及解题思路雅思听力考试中有许多种题型，但是最常见的题型只有四种：表格题、选择题、填空题和问答题。一、表格题Questions 1-5Complete the table with
15、information about the festival program. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR NUMBERS for each answer4NameType of actStageTimeBrazilian Drum BandDrum band37.00Claude and JacquesMime artist38.00Great Grapefruit(1)27.00Crossed WiresJazz fusion1(2)Tom Cobblecomedianl10.30Flying Barito Brothersacrobats(3)9.
16、00Winston SmilesReggae singer3(4)Great MysteronMagic and illusion29.30Blue Grass Ben(5)212.00The ProffetsMusic group112.00 Tapescripts:Now that Ive got the official announcements out of the way,Id like to tell you about tonights program.The Brazilian Drum Band will be appearing on stage 3 at 7.00.Th
17、is is the first time that they have performed outside South America,so their show is not to be missed.This will be followed by Claude and Jacques,the French mime artists,at around 8.00.During the performance Claude and Jacques will be introducing special guests from the fields of music and dance.Mea
18、nwhile,on stage 2,there is a modern ballet from Great Grapefruit Incorporated,illustrating womens role in world peace.This will begin at 7.00 and last for roughly 2 hours.Stage 1 begins at 9.00 with the jazz fusion band,Crossed Wires,whose performance tonight is the last date on their world tour.Sta
19、ge 1 continues with a regular guest at these festivals,comedian Tom Cobble.His show begins at 10.30.After Claude and Jacques at 9.00 on stage 3, there will be a performance by the Flying Barito Brothers who are acrobats with the Albanian State Circus.The Flying Barito Brothersfire-eating trapeze act
20、 is unique.No other performer has managed to equal their grand finale.From 11.15 we are happy to present Winston Smiles and the Kingston Beat who will be playing authentic Jamaican reggac until the end ofthe oficial program at 1.30.Over on stages 2,the Great Mysteron will be presenting his show of m
21、agic ilusion and mystery at 9.30.During the show he will be chained and thrown into a sealed aquarium from which he will try to escape.If everything goes to plan the act will finish at 11.30 and the stage will be ready for the country and westem music of Blue Grass Ben and the Cattlemen at 12.00.Thi
22、s act will be the last on stage 2 tonight.After Tom Cobble on stage 1,we have tonights main attraction,The Proffers,who will be performing in public tonight for the first time since they broke up 5 years ago.The news is that they are back and they will be presenting a show including both old favouri
23、tes and songs from their new album,which is to be released in September.They are expected on stage at midnight.After the official program has ended,there will be a number of side shows taking place around the site. 解题思路：针对表格题，要做到以下五点：1.扫描行和列，把握表格整体内容。2.根据例子判断缺失信息。3.听录音 时根据已知信息定位未知信息。4.注意题目要求和拼读规律。5.
24、检查答案格式。这是一个关于音乐艺术节的日程介绍，通过扫描行和列，可以发现表内有关于艺术节的表演者、节目、舞 台和时间的共40条信息。根据给出的35条信息，可以轻松判断第1和第5题是表演的节目内容；第2和第4题是表 演时间；第3题是舞台号码。这为听到答案打下了良好的基础。在写答案的时候， 一定要注意题目要求“No more than three words”。因为第5题听到的是“Country and westem music”,共四个单词，应该去掉其中一个单词。写完 答案之后要检查答案的格式与所给的是否一样。比如，表格中的时间只有一个点，如果写两个点的话，在格式 上就不一致，若要被扣分，岂不冤
25、枉?二、选择题You will hear part of an introductory talk by a Student Information officer.As you listen,answer questions I to 7. Circle the correct answer51. Overseas students will enroll on A.8th February B.16th FebruaryC.17th February D.18th February2.Undergraduate students must enroll -A.between 8.00 an
26、d 10.30 pm B.b( )etween 9.30 and 12.30 pmC.between 12.30 and 2.30 pm D.between 2.00 and 4.30 pm3.The venue for enrolment is A.in the Mathematics Faculty B.on Level 158C.in Room C658 D.in Room C64. At enrolment,all students A.must show a letter of acceptance from their facultyB.need not show their le
27、tter of acceptanceC.need not bring any identificationD.must prove their level of English proficiency5.Students who have paid their fees A.should go to the International StudentsOfficeB.are guaranteed a place at universityC.must get a bank chequeD.should pay a further $10,0006.The Student Card A.is i
28、ssued before enrolmentB.has the students identification numberC.is issued by the LibraryD.is not laminated7. During university terms, the Library will be open A.from 9.00 am to 4.00 pm B.from 9.00 am to 9.00 pmC.from 8.30 am to 9.00 pm D.from 4.00 am to 9.30 pm Tapescripts:Welcome to the Orientation
29、 Program.I hope you are all settling in to your new residences and starting to feel at home here.This Orientation Program is designed to familiarize you all with some of the essential information about the University and about what it is like to be a student here,but before we begin Id like to say a
30、 few words about enrolment day because I know that many students,many of you are unsure of the procedures.There are two enrolment days,for different categories of student.Local students,or students who are permanent residents will enroll on the 16th of February.Overseas students will enroll two days
31、 later,on the 18th of February,in one of two sessions.First of all,all students doing undergraduate studies must come and enroll in the morning session.That morning enrolment session, for people enrolling in undergraduate courses,will be from 9.30 to 12.30 on level 6 of the Walsh Building,in Room C6
32、58.The Walsh Building is the one where the Faculty of Law is located.So thats for undergraduates.Postgraduate students must also come to the same place,Room C658 on Level 6,from 1.30 pm on the 18th,and that enrolment session finishes at 4.30 pm.When you come to enroll,and this applies to all student
33、s,please bring your passport or some other identification,thats really essential,and also bring the letter of acceptance from the Faculty you will be enrolling in.For overseas students well also need proof of your English proficiency level,that is,your IELTS test result,thats if youre an overseas st
34、udent,and your health-care cards for health insurance,plus the receipt from the Student Admission Office to show you have paid your fees.If theres anyone who hasnt paid their fees for this semester yet,please go to the Student Admission Office and pay the fees as soon as possible.Your place at the u
35、niversity is not guaranteed until youve paid your fees and you cant enroll.Just a word of advice:its best to get a bank cheque to pay your fees.The thought of carrying $10,000 in cash in6your pocket is terrifying.You could easily lose it or have it stolen.On Enrolment Day youl all be issued with you
36、r Student Cards.You dont have to bring a photo for these.The enrolling oficer will take an instant photo,and put it on the card with your student ID number and then laminate the card,so its all done at once.You use this student card to borrow from the library,to use student services like the medical
37、 center,and get discounts at the cinema and bookstore. By the way,the library hours are from 9.00 to 4.00 at the moment,but when the university term begins on the 21st of February the library opening times will be from 8.30 in the morning until 9.00 at night.Its also open at weekends. Okay?So,if you
38、re all ready,well begin our tour of the campus now.解题思路：对于选择题，需要按照下面的思路解题：1.听前扫描题干，划出核心词。2.听时综合扫描选项。3.听时遵循 的原则：(1)所听即所得，(2)顺序原则，(3)生词原则，(4)最近答案原则。4.检查时遵循的原则：(1)常识原 则，(2)同义相斥原则。该部分有7道题。在读题时要把题干中的核心词划出来，如上所示。这样可以在听的时候用这些词和词组定 位答案。听的时候要注意扫描选项，以便选出正确答案。如果考生不能做到边听边读选项，极有可能被错误信 息迷惑。至于原则，则是一些技巧。7道题的正确答案全部可
39、以直接定位，而且选项和所听到的内容基本没有变化， 所以叫作所听即所得。所谓顺序原则指在用核心词定位信息时，经常有一些迷惑信息，比如第一题和第七题， 后面的信息才是正确的。该原则在使用过程中不能保证100%的正确性，但是，如果注意核心词的话就不会有问 题。因为雅思听力考试中所涉及的词汇相对来说基本都是常用词汇，所以，有生词的选项一般被认为是错误选 项。但是，只有考生的熟悉词汇在40005000时，方可使用该原则。最后一个原则指的是，当听到的信息和所有 选项都不完全相同时，最接近的就是正确选项。该原则需要考生很好地掌握同义词。雅思听力考试有十分钟抄写答案的时间，抄完答案后还有时间检查。对于选择题要
40、注意所选选项要符合常 识，否则肯定会犯错误。另外，如果两个选项内容很接近，它们就都是错误选项。这就是检查时要注意的两个原则。三、填空题Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDSfor each answer.1.When they arrive,students initially feel 2.The first cause of studentsunhappiness mentioned is 3.The second cause of depression mentioned is 4.The counselo
41、r advises the students to be Tapescripts:Good morning,everyone.This is the second of my three introductory talks as Overseas Student Counselor at the university.In the first session you will remember we talked about the services offered in the Overseas Student Union at the university,and in this ses
42、sion Id like to talk to you briefly about some of the problems,the most common problems that overseas students encounter when they come to study with us.After all,its no secret that you may not find everything as easy as you would like,and we are here to help you.Firstly Id like to talk about the tr
43、ansition experienced by many students from euphoria to doubt and depression. When students arrive,they are usually excited by being in a new city with lots of attractions.Many students also enjoy the personal freedom of being in a foreign country,of meeting new friends and so on.But then when the cl
44、asses start and the student fells under pressure to hand in assignments,complete all the reading,understand the difference in learning style and everything else,they may begin to feel very unsure of their ability to cope and even wonder if they have made the right decision to come and study here.Thi
45、s depression phase that many students experience can be put down in the first place to simply being away from everything you are accustomed to.Being homesick is a natural thing to experience. Even students from this country whose family lives in other cities experience homesickness.As part of missing home,many students find it hard to look after themselves,cooking,cleaning,shopping,paying the bills,doing the laundry,things they might never have had to do before.Its part of learning to be independent,and to overcome it to7try to make friends with other students f