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1、大学英语四级考试考前点题卷一问答题1.The Importance of Setting Goals in Life提交答案问答题2.酒作为一种特殊的文化载体，在人类交往中占有独特的地位。中国是（江南博哥）酒的故乡，酒和饮酒文化在中国的历史中一直占据着重要地位。不同地区及场合的饮酒习俗和礼仪已成为中国人日常生活中的重要部分。在几千年的文明史中，酒文化已经渗透到人类社会生活的各个领域，对人文生活、文学创作、饮食保健等方面都有着巨大的影响。提交答案共享题干题Bullying is a distinctive pattern of harming and humiliating others.Tho
2、se who are in some way smaller,weaker，younger or more 26_ than the bully often fall victims.Bullying is not common aggression; it is a deliberate and repeated 27_ to cause harm to others of lesser power.Bullies are made，not born，and it happens at an early age，if the 28_ aggression of 2-year-olds isn
3、t handled well.Many studies show that bullies lack pro-social behavior，are 29_ by anxiety，and do not feel empathy for others situations.Those who chronically bully have strained relationships with parents and peers.Bullies couldnt exist without victims，and they dont pick on just anyonethose 30_ out
4、lack assertiveness and radiate fear long before they ever encounter a bully.The psychological difficulties victims experienced in childhood and adolescence may produce negative 31_ well into adulthood.Unfortunately,parents，teachers，and other adults are not 32_ aware of how widespread bullying is and
5、 how damaging it can be to psychological health.Increasingly，children are growing up without the kinds of experiences that lead to the development of social skills，and free play has been in 33_.Yet，its in playing with peers，without adult monitoring，that children 34_ the skills that make them weU-lik
6、ed by age-mates and learn how to solve social problems.But children learn a lot about 35_ their social worlds by seeking guidance from their parents，so discussing with your children norms and values does matter.单选题1.空白处26.应填A.acquireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE.droppedF.indifferentGnavigatingHnor
7、malIoutcomesJpreferencesKrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNuntroubledOvulnerable单选题2.空白处27.应填A.acquireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE.droppedF.indifferentGnavigatingHnormalIoutcomesJpreferencesKrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNuntroubledOvulnerable单选题3.空白处28.应填A.acquireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE
8、.droppedF.indifferentGnavigatingHnormalIoutcomesJpreferencesKrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNuntroubledOvulnerable单选题4.空白处29.应填A.acquireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE.droppedF.indifferentGnavigatingHnormalIoutcomesJpreferencesKrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNuntroubledOvulnerable单选题5.空白处30.应填A.ac
9、quireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE.droppedF.indifferentGnavigatingHnormalIoutcomesJpreferencesKrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNuntroubledOvulnerable单选题6.空白处31.应填A.acquireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE.droppedF.indifferentGnavigatingHnormalIoutcomesJpreferencesKrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNun
10、troubledOvulnerable单选题7.空白处32.应填A.acquireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE.droppedF.indifferentGnavigatingHnormalIoutcomesJpreferencesKrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNuntroubledOvulnerable单选题8.空白处33.应填A.acquireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE.droppedF.indifferentGnavigatingHnormalIoutcomesJpreferences
11、KrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNuntroubledOvulnerable单选题9.空白处34.应填A.acquireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE.droppedF.indifferentGnavigatingHnormalIoutcomesJpreferencesKrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNuntroubledOvulnerable单选题10.空白处35.应填A.acquireB.alarminglyC.attemptD.declineE.droppedF.indifferentGn
12、avigatingHnormalIoutcomesJpreferencesKrestrainingLsingledMsufficientlyNuntroubledOvulnerable(A) Among the boutiques in the canal district of Amsterdam is a shoe shop，called W-21，that has a selection of stylish footwear in the window.A select group of customers were recently invited there to have the
13、ir feet scanned by a laser，and then to spend 30 seconds walking on a modified treadmill in a special pair of shoes stuffed with accelerometers，pressure gauges，thermometers and hygrometers.All this generated a wealth of data，which was displayed on a large screen along with a model of how the walkers
14、feet were moving.(B) From these data an algorithm determined the ideal soles for the customers shoes.Upstairs，a couple of 3D printers began humming away to make those soles.In about two hours they were ready to be fitted to a new pair of shoes，uniquely tailored to each persons feet.(C) Some level of
15、 customisation is nothing new for buyers of apparel.But there is a big difference between clothes，which are relatively straightforward to tailor and alter，and shoes，which are solid and composed of lots of materials that require different skills and special equipment to produce.It is possible to acqu
16、ire orthopaedic and specialist shoes，such as ski boots，in which the soles have been shaped to suit an individuals feet.Completely tailor-made shoes are also available if you have deep pockets and are patient.At the top end of the market，John Lobb，a London bootmaker established in 1866，will happily h
17、and-stitch you a pair of Oxford brogues (粗革厚底皮鞋) shaped around every dimple and bump in your feet，but they will cost 4,000 ( $5,500) and may take six months to deliver.What was going on in Amsterdam was an experiment by ECCO，a large Danish shoe brand that owns W-21，to bring bespoke shoemaking to the
18、 mass-market high street.(D) Lobb，and firms like it，make shoes using patterns called lasts.These are solid blocks of wood carved precisely into the shape of a customers feet.The time and labour required to create these lasts explain thecost and tardiness of the finished product.Though ECCO still use
19、s shoes made in standard sizes，at least for now，it customises the midsole.This is the part of a shoe that fits between the outsole ( the bottom of the shoe that comes into contact with the ground) and the insole ( on which the foot rests).The midsole is the functional heart of a shoe，says Patrizio C
20、arlucci，the head of ECCOs Innovation Lab，which is in charge of the project.On the basis of the laser scans，of data from the shoe sensors and treadmill tests，and of information about the customer ( someone who stands around a lot may require a softer feel than does another who walks everywhere)，indiv
21、idualised left and right midsoles are engineered to suit the person concerned.(E) Once the midsole designs are complete，the computer file describing them is transferred to the 3D printers.These are made by a firm called German RepRap and are adapted to print a type of silicone developed by the Dow C
22、hemical Company for this purpose.The printers build layers of silicone into hundreds of closely packed cells.The shape and size of each cell varies throughout the midsole，to provide the required distribution of support.When complete，the midsoles are inserted into a pair of shoes chosen by the custom
23、er.(F) Further trials of the production system，which ECCO calls Quant-U，will be held in W-21 later this year and at other stores around the world as the company continues to develop the process and take account of feedback from customers who take part.At the moment，ECCO is charging a premium of arou
24、nd 100($120) or so on top of the price of the shoes for the bespoke sole-designing service.If all goes well,Quant-U could be introduced in some stores for walk-in customers.G) Other shoemakers are also trying new production techniques.Big names such as Nike and Adidas are printing some of the compon
25、ents that go into their high-end trainers，although individual customisation has largely been limited to making running shoes for top athletes.(H) Smaller concerns，too，are showing an interest in bespoke automation.In Milan Andrea and Francesco Carpineti，and their colleague Michele Luconi，are trying t
26、o blend the new with the old.Their startup,Design Italian Shoes ( DIS)，provides shoe shops with a device they call the Totem Touch Screen.Customers place their feet in the bottom of this device to have them scanned.They then use a touch screen to select a style of the shoes and to customise it，from
27、colours to materials，types of the soles and even the eyelets and laces.Some 50m combinations are available.Personal monograms (交织字母) and inscriptions can be added.(I) Instead of sending the design to a 3D-printer，DIS passes it to a group of artisan shoemakers in the shoes valley of Le Marche，a regio
28、n in eastern Italy that is famous for its cobblers (鞋匠).Which craftsman a pair of shoes is assigned to depends on the style to be made，for each has his specific areas of expertise.He will then make the shoes by hand，using a pair of existing lasts that are the closest match available to the data from
29、 the Totem.The Carpineti brothers claim that the firm can，in this way，rustle up a pair of handmade Oxfords in as little as ten days，for about 360less than a tenth of Lobbs price.The company hopes to offer completely bespoke sizes eventually，using feet scans to create digital lasts，which would genera
30、te patterns for leather and other components of a shoe.(J) The company decided to adopt this marriage of high-tech and low-tech，says Andrea Carpineti，to help preserve shoemaking jobs in Le Marche.So far，15 shoe shops in Europe have Totems installed，and he expects the devices to be in several hundred
31、 stores in China soon.One way or another，then，shoemakers are striding towards a bespoke future.单选题11.You need to spend a large amount of money and wait for a long time to get a pair of hand-stitched Oxford brogues from John Lobb.A.A)B.B)C.C)D.D)E.E)F.F)GG)HH)II)JJ)cost and tardiness of the finished
32、product.Though ECCO still uses shoes made in standard sizes，at least for now，it customises the midsole.This is the part of a shoe that fits between the outsole ( the bottom of the shoe that comes into contact with the ground) and the insole ( on which the foot rests).The midsole is the functional he
33、art of a shoe，says Patrizio Carlucci，the head of ECCOs Innovation Lab，which is in charge of the project.On the basis of the laser scans，of data from the shoe sensors and treadmill tests，and of information about the customer ( someone who stands around a lot may require a softer feel than does anothe
34、r who walks everywhere)，individualised left and right midsoles are engineered to suit the person concerned.(E) Once the midsole designs are complete，the computer file describing them is transferred to the 3D printers.These are made by a firm called German RepRap and are adapted to print a type of si
35、licone developed by the Dow Chemical Company for this purpose.The printers build layers of silicone into hundreds of closely packed cells.The shape and size of each cell varies throughout the midsole，to provide the required distribution of support.When complete，the midsoles are inserted into a pair
36、of shoes chosen by the customer.(F) Further trials of the production system，which ECCO calls Quant-U，will be held in W-21 later this year and at other stores around the world as the company continues to develop the process and take account of feedback from customers who take part.At the moment，ECCO
37、is charging a premium of around 100($120) or so on top of the price of the shoes for the bespoke sole-designing service.If all goes well,Quant-U could be introduced in some stores for walk-in customers.G) Other shoemakers are also trying new production techniques.Big names such as Nike and Adidas ar
38、e printing some of the components that go into their high-end trainers，although individual customisation has largely been limited to making running shoes for top athletes.(H) Smaller concerns，too，are showing an interest in bespoke automation.In Milan Andrea and Francesco Carpineti，and their colleagu
39、e Michele Luconi，are trying to blend the new with the old.Their startup,Design Italian Shoes ( DIS)，provides shoe shops with a device they call the Totem Touch Screen.Customers place their feet in the bottom of this device to have them scanned.They then use a touch screen to select a style of the sh
40、oes and to customise it，from colours to materials，types of the soles and even the eyelets and laces.Some 50m combinations are available.Personal monograms (交织字母) and inscriptions can be added.(I) Instead of sending the design to a 3D-printer，DIS passes it to a group of artisan shoemakers in the shoe
41、s valley of Le Marche，a region in eastern Italy that is famous for its cobblers (鞋匠).Which craftsman a pair of shoes is assigned to depends on the style to be made，for each has his specific areas of expertise.He will then make the shoes by hand，using a pair of existing lasts that are the closest mat
42、ch available to the data from the Totem.The Carpineti brothers claim that the firm can，in this way，rustle up a pair of handmade Oxfords in as little as ten days，for about 360less than a tenth of Lobbs price.The company hopes to offer completely bespoke sizes eventually，using feet scans to create dig
43、ital lasts，which would generate patterns for leather and other components of a shoe.(J) The company decided to adopt this marriage of high-tech and low-tech，says Andrea Carpineti，to help preserve shoemaking jobs in Le Marche.So far，15 shoe shops in Europe have Totems installed，and he expects the dev
44、ices to be in several hundred stores in China soon.One way or another，then，shoemakers are striding towards a bespoke future.单选题12.Nike and Adidas now offer customised services，but mainly to top sportsmen.A.A)B.B)C.C)D.D)E.E)F.F)GG)HH)II)JJ)cost and tardiness of the finished product.Though ECCO still
45、 uses shoes made in standard sizes，at least for now，it customises the midsole.This is the part of a shoe that fits between the outsole ( the bottom of the shoe that comes into contact with the ground) and the insole ( on which the foot rests).The midsole is the functional heart of a shoe，says Patriz
46、io Carlucci，the head of ECCOs Innovation Lab，which is in charge of the project.On the basis of the laser scans，of data from the shoe sensors and treadmill tests，and of information about the customer ( someone who stands around a lot may require a softer feel than does another who walks everywhere)，i
47、ndividualised left and right midsoles are engineered to suit the person concerned.(E) Once the midsole designs are complete，the computer file describing them is transferred to the 3D printers.These are made by a firm called German RepRap and are adapted to print a type of silicone developed by the Dow Chemical Company for this purpose.The printers build layers of silicone into hundreds of closely packed cells.The shape and size of each cell varies throughout the midsole，to provide the required distribution of suppor